Power analysis is often applied in the context of ANOVA in order to assess the probability of successfully rejecting the null hypothesis if we assume a certain ANOVA design, effect size in the population, sample size and significance level.

However, Curie also worked with unshielded X-ray tubes during World War I, and analysis of her skeleton during a reburial showed a relatively low level of radioisotope burden.

Atom probe has typically been employed in the chemical analysis of alloy systems at the atomic level.

The turnover in this group is clearly marked at the species level .< ref > Statistical analysis of marine losses at this time suggests that the decrease in diversity was caused more by a sharp increase in extinctions than by a decrease in speciation .< ref > The K – T boundary record of dinoflagellates is not as well-understood, mainly because only microbial cysts provide a fossil record, and not all dinoflagellate species have cyst-forming stages, thereby likely causing diversity to be underestimated.

A full Bayesian analysis of the WMAP power spectrum demonstrates that the quadrupole prediction of Lambda-CDM cosmology is consistent with the data at the 10 % level and that the observed octupole is not remarkable.

In the 1970s, analysis of high level languages indicated some complex machine language implementations and it was determined that new instructions could improve performance.

Alfred Marshall provides a still widely-cited definition in his textbook Principles of Economics ( 1890 ) that extends analysis beyond wealth and from the societal to the microeconomic level:

Macroeconomic analysis also considers factors affecting the long-term level and growth of national income.

# Second, analysis to find a measurable quantity within the network, for example, for a transportation network, the level of vehicular flow within any portion of it.

An I – O psychologist would typically use information from the job analysis to determine a job's performance dimensions, and then construct a rating scale to describe each level of performance for the job.

Around the year 1900 Lord Rayleigh developed the duplex ( combination of two ) theory of human sound localization using two binaural cues, interaural phase difference ( IPD ) and interaural level difference ( ILD ) ( based on analysis of a spherical head with no external pinnae ).

While all scholars acknowledge that there is a large mythological part of the narrative some maintain that by using a critical comparative method some level of historicity can be salvaged from the sources, whereas others maintain that continued analysis of the narratives as sources of actual history is futile and hinders access to actual knowledge of the culture of Tula, Hidalgo.

It appears rather at a higher level of analysis.

These techniques use these different fluorophores for analysis of cell structure at a molecular level in both live and fixed samples.

For example, systems level analysis addresses questions concerning specific sensory and motor modalities: how does vision work?

It has traditionally focused largely on study of the systems of phonemes in particular languages, but it may also cover any linguistic analysis either at a level beneath the word ( including syllable, onset and rhyme, articulatory gestures, articulatory features, mora, etc.

Since the early 1960s, theoretical linguists have moved away from the traditional concept of a phoneme, preferring to consider basic units at a more abstract level, as a component of morphemes ; these units can be called morphophonemes, and analysis using this approach is called morphophonology.

Sociology studies society using various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to understand human social activity, from the micro level of individual agency and interaction to the macro level of systems and social structure.

The most basic level consists of literary analysis of the text without the help of commentaries, designed to bring out the tzurata di-shema ' ta, i. e. the logical and narrative structure of the passage.

In cases of limited resolution stochastic methods such as Bernoullian or Markovian analysis may also be used to fit the distribution and back then forward predict higher n-ads and calculate the isotacticity of the polymer to the desired level.

** Unit of analysis, a type of entity ( e. g. person, house, neighborhood ) specifying the level at which data is analyzed

In simple terms, the signal is split into a number of frequency bands ( the larger this number, the more accurate the analysis ) and the level of signal present at each frequency band gives the instantaneous representation of the spectral energy content.

For instance, analysis of water usage in Yemen has revealed that their water table ( underground water level ) is put at grave risk by over-use to fertilize their Khat crop.

For example, the termites in a mound have physiology, biochemistry and biological development that are at one level of analysis, but their social behavior and mound building is a property that emerges from the collection of termites and needs to be analysed at a different level.

Its entire complement of non-commissioned officers on the platoon level had departed as cadre for another unit, and its vehicles were still those used in the drive across Luzon in World War 2.

Specifically, at speeds of OC-3 and above, the cost of segmentation and reassembly ( SAR ) hardware makes ATM less competitive for IP than Packet Over SONET ( POS ); because of its fixed 48-byte cell payload, ATM is not suitable as a data link layer directly underlying IP ( without the need for SAR at the data link level ) since the OSI layer on which IP operates must provide a maximum transmission unit ( MTU ) of at least 576 bytes.

Differences include where the logistic service transfers artillery ammunition to artillery, the amount of ammunition carried in units and extent to which stocks are held at unit or battery level.

* Economists use the term " global labor arbitrage " to refer to the tendency of manufacturing jobs to flow towards whichever country has the lowest wages per unit output at present and has reached the minimum requisite level of political and economic development to support industrialization.

It is used primarily in its decadic fraction, the decibel ( dB ), for signal strength and sound pressure level measurements, while a unit for one tenth of a byte, i. e. the decibyte, is never used.

In the United States, a borough is a unit of local government below the level of the state.

The economic system of a society should therefore be focused primarily on the flourishing of the family unit, but not in isolation: at the appropriate level of family context, as is intended in the principle of subsidiarity.

Both orthometric and normal heights are heights in metres above sea level, whereas geopotential numbers are measures of potential energy ( unit: m² s < sup >− 2 </ sup >) and not metric.

This firmly separated all local authority areas ( whether unitary or two-tier ), from the geographical concept of a county as high level spatial unit.

According to modern portfolio theory, rational investors will seek to hold portfolios that are mean / variance efficient ( that is, portfolios offer the highest level of return per unit of risk, and the lowest level of risk per unit of return ).

These 34 " county-level " entities correspond to the first level of local administrative unit for EU and Eurostat purposes.

The second level of local administrative unit ( LAU ) is the District electoral division.

The unit of selection can be the individual or it can be another level within the hierarchy of biological organisation, such as genes, cells, and kin groups.

According to the United States scholar Nicholas Eberstadt and demographer Judith Banister, vital statistics and personal information on residents are kept by agencies on the ri, or ni (,: village, the local administrative unit ) level in rural areas and the dong (,: district or block ) level in urban areas.

For mammals, the taxonomic unit below the species level is usually the subspecies.

When assessing the level of risk when travelling on Russia's roads ( i. e. the number of accidents per unit of travel ) it is 60 times that of Great Britain.

While a unit is often the lowest level at which observations are made, in some cases, a unit can be further decomposed as a statistical assembly.

When a small bias V is applied to the system, only electronic states very near the Fermi level, within eV ( a product of electron charge and voltage, not to be confused here with electronvolt unit ), are excited.

One can sum the probability over energies between E < sub > f </ sub > − eV and E < sub > f </ sub > to get the number of states available in this energy range per unit volume, thereby finding the local density of states ( LDOS ) near the Fermi level.

The isolation level shows the system identure level at which the failure cause can be recovered ( often by replacement of a line replaceable unit ).