As a secular, non-sectarian, universal notion of art arose in 19th century Western Europe, ancient and Medieval Christian art began to be collected for art appreciation rather than worship, while contemporary Christian art was considered marginal.

As a secular, non-sectarian, universal notion of art arose in 19th century Western Europe, secular artists occasionally treated Christian themes ( Bouguereau, Manet ) — but only rarely was a Christian artist included in the historical canon ( such as Rouault or Stanley Spencer ).

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