The most notable geographic fact about Lesotho, apart from its status as an enclave, is that it is the only independent state in the world that lies entirely above in elevation.

Blacks had created their own businesses and services within the racially segregated enclave, including several groceries, two independent newspapers, two movie theaters, nightclubs, and numerous churches.

As an independent city since 1928, Martinsville is not part of Henry County, but exists as an enclave, surrounded by the county.

The City of Fairfax is an independent city forming an enclave within the Fairfax County, Virginia in the United States.

It geographically falls within the boundaries and liberties of the City, but can be thought of as an independent enclave.

If considered independent, it is an enclave of Australia.

It geographically falls within the boundaries and liberties of the City, but can be thought of as an independent enclave.

An enclave in Alsace, it was a free and independent republic associated with the Swiss Confederation until, after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798, it became a part of France in the Treaty of Mulhouse signed on 28 January 1798, during the Directory period of the French Revolution.

Thrakomakedones was formerly an independent enclave within Acharnes.

In 1947 the British partitioned India into two independent states, Pakistan and India, and the problem of the enclave was thus created.

The Nizams ruled until 17 September 1948 when Indian military attacked the independent enclave sovereign state forcing the Nizam's surrender to Indian forces in what became known as a ' Police Action ' after the Indian Army's ' Operation Polo '.

The Holy See ( State of the Vatican City ) is now an independent enclave surrounded by Rome, Italy.

It is uncertain whether these Loyalists were forced to live in exile by the historically fiercely independent Rhode Islanders or whether they chose of their own volition to form an enclave of the politically like-minded.

Until 1795 Bokhoven was an independent county, and after 1579 had been an enclave of the Holy Roman Empire within the Dutch Republic.

The Farm Credit Administration, an independent agency located within the Department of Agriculture, supervises and coordinates a cooperative credit system for agriculture.

The SS-TV was an independent unit within the SS with its own ranks and command structure.

A kindred not associated with any other group is known as an independent kindred, which is more typical within the US than elsewhere.

The clouds which strike Kathiawar and Kutch are deprived of a great deal of their moisture by the hills in those countries ( now the majority of this region is in Gujarat state within independent India ), and the greater part of the remainder is deposited on Mount Abu and the higher slopes of the Aravalli Range, leaving but little for Merwara, where the hills are lower, and still less for Ajmer.

* FIP — Fielding independent pitching: a metric, scaled to resemble an ERA, that focuses on events within the pitcher's control — home runs, walks, and strikeouts

Many universities throughout the world are now providing programs in bioengineering and biotechnology ( as independent programs or specialty programs within more established engineering fields ).

In both these countries, private trade associations within the industry have established loose standards, some say as a stop-gap measure to discourage independent government agencies from establishing tougher consumer-friendly standards.

Following unprecedented foreign led and domestic political interference with the CRTC's quasi-judicial independent regulatory process, within 6 months of its original decision, an abrupt CRTC " review " of its policy on third-language foreign services determined to drop virtually all restrictions and adopt a new " open entry " approach to foreign controlled " third language " ( non-English, non-French ) channels.

The Communist Party of China comprises a single-party state form of government ; however, there are parties other than the CPC within China, which report to the United Front Department of the Communist Party of China and do not act as opposition or independent parties.

In 1969, the county was abolished and Carson City and a few small surrounding settlements within the former county were merged into a newly formed independent city called Carson City Consolidated Municipality.

The brainchild of CUNY chancellor Matthew Goldstein, CUNY Honors College was to be an independent institution within the university.

An underlying principle in Taoism states that within every independent entity lies a part of its opposite.

One use of equations is in mathematical identities, assertions that are true independent of the values of any variables contained within them.

Like the elementary charge on which it is based, it is not an independent quantity but is equal to ( 1 J / C )( 2 h α / μ < sub > 0 </ sub > c < sub > 0 </ sub >)< sup > 0. 5 </ sup > It is a common unit of energy within physics, widely used in solid state, atomic, nuclear, and particle physics.

Article 6 provides a detailed right to a fair trial, including the right to a public hearing before an independent and impartial tribunal within reasonable time, the presumption of innocence, and other minimum rights for those charged with a criminal offence ( adequate time and facilities to prepare their defence, access to legal representation, right to examine witnesses against them or have them examined, right to the free assistance of an interpreter ).

This formulation, in turn, laid the groundwork for an independent view of the church as a " sacred society " distinct from civil society, which was so crucial for the development of local churches as non-established entities outside England, and gave direct rise to the Catholic Revival and disestablishmentarianism within England.

According to the Board of Governors, the Federal Reserve is independent within government in that " its monetary policy decisions do not have to be approved by the President or anyone else in the executive or legislative branches of government.

The younger generations of Fatah, especially within the militant al-Aqsa Martyrs ' Brigades, have been more prone to splits, and a number of lesser networks in Gaza and the West Bank have established themselves as either independent organizations or joined Hamas.

* 1948 – Ceylon ( later renamed Sri Lanka ) becomes independent within the British Commonwealth.

Further promotion within the company followed, but the business began to decline, and in 1865 Eiffel, seeing no future there, resigned and set up as an independent consulting engineer.

Various elements within the gospel, including the importance of the authority of Peter and the breadth of its basic theology, suggest that the author wrote in Syria or Palestine for a non-Jewish Christian community which had earlier absorbed the influence of pre-Pauline beliefs and then developed them further independent of Paul.

Subsequently, Galatia became an independent client-kingdom within the Roman Empire, its ruling having considerable local autonomy.

The former wanted the duchies to become an independent entity within the German Confederation, while the latter wanted to annex them.

He made significant concessions to the German nobles, such as those put forth in an imperial statute of 1232, which made princes virtually independent rulers within their territories.

The White Paper recommended an independent Palestine, governed jointly by Arabs and Jews, be established within 10 years.

* 1960 – Republic of the Congo ( Brazzaville ) becomes independent from France.

* 1960 – Burkina Faso, then known as Upper Volta, becomes independent from France.

It was also the capital of an independent state under Edward, the Black Prince ( 1362 – 1372 ), but in the end, after the Battle of Castillon ( 1453 ) it was annexed by France which extended its territory.

On 12 July 1960 France agreed to Chad becoming fully independent.

On 12 July 1960 France agreed to the Central African Republic becoming fully independent.

Relations between the Republic of Vanuatu and Cuba began shortly after the former gained its independence from France and the United Kingdom in 1980, and began establishing its own foreign policy as a newly independent state.

Agreement was reached with France in 1973 for Comoros to become independent in 1978.

Comoros broke all ties with France and established itself as an independent republic.

* 1958 – The Central African Republic becomes independent from France.

The fact that other scientists – notably Étienne-Louis Malus and Augustin Fresnel – were pursuing the same investigations contemporaneously in France does not invalidate Brewster's claim to independent discovery, even though in one or two cases the priority must be assigned to others.

However, there was a catch: the land would remain independent of France until Eleanor's oldest son became both King of the Franks and Duke of Aquitaine.

It became independent from France in 1958 following the rejection of Charles de Gaulle's Constitution of 1958.

On 15 July 1960 France agreed to Gabon becoming fully independent.

Despite the Haitian victory, France refused to recognize the newly independent country's sovereignty until 1825, in exchange for 150 million gold francs.

From 1487 to 1491, France attacked and defeated Brittany, an independent duchy.

In 2008, France was one of the first states to recognise Kosovo as an independent nation.

Albania opened trade negotiations with France, Italy, and the recently independent Asian and African states, and in 1971 it normalized relations with Yugoslavia and Greece.

* In 2012, IKEA in France was accused by the independent newspaper Le Canard enchaîné and the investigative website Mediapart of spying on its employees and clients by illegally accessing French police records.

Their independent exhibitions brought them to prominence during the 1870s and 1880s, in spite of harsh opposition from the conventional art community in France.

* 1962 – Algeria becomes independent from France.

Jacques Callot (; c. 1592 – 1635 ) was a baroque printmaker and draftsman from the Duchy of Lorraine ( an independent state on the North-Eastern border with France, Southwestern border of Germany and overlapping the Southern Netherlands ).

However, Syria was scheduled to be an independent country, a so-called Class A Mandate, and the rights granted to France were far less than over other mandate territories.

On 31 March 1960 France agreed to the Federation of Mali becoming fully independent.

On 28 July 1960 France agreed to Mauritania becoming fully independent.

From that year until 1810, the island was in charge of officials appointed by the French Government, except for a brief period during the French Revolution, when the inhabitants set up a government virtually independent of France.