In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century Germany, three pioneer physical educators – Johann Friedrich GutsMuths ( 1759 – 1839 ) and Friedrich Ludwig Jahn ( 1778 – 1852 ) – created exercises for boys and young men on apparatus they had designed that ultimately led to what is considered modern gymnastics.

* " Passage in the Secret History of an Irish Countess " ( 1839 ), an early version of his later novel Uncle Silas.

He discovered sodium thiosulfate to be a solvent of silver halides in 1819, and informed Talbot and Daguerre of his discovery that this " hyposulphite of soda " (" hypo ") could be used as a photographic fixer, to " fix " pictures and make them permanent, after experimentally applying it thus in early 1839.

The reason why the Aube sailed ahead of the Comte-de-Paris was to ‘ gain time for fear the British might get the start of them ’ Yet the New Zealand Company's survey ship Tory had sailed from Plymouth on 12 May 1839, before Langlois and his associates had made their first approach to the French government, and as early as June the British Government was considering sending Captain William Hobson to act as Lieutenant-Governor over such parts of New Zealand as might be acquired from the Māori.

* Lyman R. Sherman ( 1804 – 1839 ), an early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement

Greensboro had a Methodist church as early as 1839 and a Baptist church was begun in 1846.

Talbot said he engaged his photographic experiments beginning in early 1834, well before 1839, when Louis Daguerre exhibited his pictures taken by the sun.

of Community and Economic Development, Shaktoolik was the first and southernmost Malemiut settlement on Norton Sound, occupied as early as 1839.

In 1839, Cave Spring was formed as a small town ; founded by Baptists who were among the early settlers.

Public schooling began in Sycamore as early as 1839, with classes held in the first DeKalb County Courthouse, a log building across the street from the courthouse's current location.

The Willets family then lived in the house where Stephen Taber, one of the great names in Roslyn's early history, resided in 1839.

Tahlequah was a settlement as early as 1832 and the Eastern and Western Cherokees joined their governments at Tahlequah in 1839.

Major Robert Moore was an early settler arriving in 1839 — before the Champoeg Meetings — having been the senior member of the first attempt to create an American state in Oregon, the Peoria Party.

* Kristen Feilberg, born in 1839 at Vester Vedsted near Ribe was an early Danish photographer who, from the 1860s, photographed the native peoples and landscapes of Sumatra, Singapore, and Penang.

Maine militia companies mustered in Bangor and traveled to the Upper Aroostook until 26 February 1839, when the early construction of Fort Fairfield, which the earlier posse built on the Aroostook River from seized stolen timber, allowed for camping troops on the eastern boundary.

President Martin Van Buren assigned Brigadier General Winfield Scott, then involved in the Cherokee relocation, to the conflict area ; he arrived in Boston in early March 1839.

As early as 1839, Stanley had joined with Archibald Campbell Tait, the future Archbishop of Canterbury, in advocating certain university reforms.

In total 93 Americans and 58 Canadiens prisoners from lower Canada were transported to Australia after being convicted in Montreal in late 1838 or early 1839.

In 1839 he published the first parts of The British Librarian, designed to supplement his early manual, but owing to failing health did not complete the work.

In January 1839 the Land and Survey Office, and his adjoining hut ( along with that of James Hurtle Fisher ), burned down, taking some of the colony's early records and many of Light's diaries, papers and sketches with it.

They purchased their own home along the San Antonio River in early 1839, where their son Lewis Antonio Maverick was born in March 1839.

As early as 1839 the New Zealand Company had resolved to " take steps to procure German emigrants " and appointed an agent in Bremen.

After returning to NSW to settle his affairs, Sturt then settled at Grange South Australia in early 1839 and was appointed Surveyor-General until the London-appointed Surveyor-General Edward Frome unexpectedly arrived.

Russell resumed office, but resigned again in early 1852 when a combination of the protectionists and Lord Palmerston defeated him on a Militia Bill.

According to the direct-reference view, an early version of which was originally proposed by Bertrand Russell, and perhaps earlier by Gottlob Frege, a proper name strictly has no meaning when there is no object to which it refers.

* Russell, Stephen C., " Images of Egypt in early biblical literature " ( Walter de Gruyter, 2009 )

In early theories of logical atomism, the formal relationship between facts and true propositions was theorized by Bertrand Russell and Ludwig Wittgenstein to be isomorphic.

The main influences on the early logical positivists were the positivist Ernst Mach, Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell and the young Ludwig Wittgenstein.

Also among the early 32 members were syndicated panel cartoonists Dave Breger ( Mister Breger ), George Clark ( The Neighbors ), Bob Dunn ( Just the Type ) and Jimmy Hatlo ( They'll Do It Every Time ); freelance magazine cartoonists Abner Dean and Mischa Richter, editorial cartoonists Rube Goldberg ( New York Sun ), Burris Jenkins ( New York Journal American ), C. D. Batchelor ( Daily News ) and Richard Q. Yardley ( The Baltimore Sun ); sports cartoonist Lou Hanlon ; illustrator Russell Patterson and comic book artists Joe Shuster and Joe Musial.

Another early usage of the term, was by the American artist, mystic, and philosopher Walter Russell, who spoke of "... this New Age philosophy of the spiritual re-awakening of man ... Man's purpose in this New Age is to acquire more and more knowledge ..." in his essay " Power Through Knowledge ," which was also published in 1944.

Certainly, Bertrand Russell seems to have espoused such a view in his early philosophical career ( Sainsbury, R. M., Russell, London 1979 ).

In the early 20th century Henry Norris Russell proposed that rather than being a new element, the line at 500. 7 nm was due to a familiar element in unfamiliar conditions.

Two inscriptions recording the presence of Lucullus have been found in nearby Chichester and the redating, by Miles Russell, of the palace to the early AD 90s, would fit far more securely with such an interpretation.

* In four stories by Eric Frank Russell published in the early 1940s and collected in the classic Men, Martians and Machines, humans together with very likable Martians are shipmates who go out together into interstellar space and guard each other's backs while encountering various other aliens.

In the early 1970s, Russell and Helen Bryan, a married Chippewa couple living in a mobile home on Indian lands in northern Minnesota, received a property tax bill from the local county, Itasca County.

In the United States in the early 1920s articles in Popular Astronomy by Russell W. Porter and in Scientific American by Albert G. Ingalls featuring Porter and the Springfield Telescope Makers helped expand interest in the hobby.

Charles Taze Russell ( February 16, 1852 – October 31, 1916 ), or Pastor Russell, was a prominent early 20th century Christian restorationist minister from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, and founder of what is now known as the Bible Student movement, from which Jehovah's Witnesses and numerous independent Bible Student groups emerged after his death.

Russell Oberlin was Deller's American counterpart, and another early music pioneer.

Clayborne early on debates Saxifrage Russell over the proper role of humanity on Mars and though initially apolitical, this stance marks her as the original " Red ," while Russell's hands-on terraforming reflects the antithesis of these views.

Clayborne's relationship with Russell is shown to be complex, the two of them taking early opposite views but the situation slowly changing as Russell comes to appreciate what has been unleashed and what has indeed been lost as science gives way to commercial exploitation that he cannot control.

The area gives its name to the Bloomsbury Group ( also Bloomsbury Set ) of artists, the most famous of whom was Virginia Woolf, who met in private homes in the area in the early 1900s, and to the lesser known Bloomsbury Gang of Whigs formed in 1765 by John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford.

Another album recorded in 1974 that was rejected by Word Records was Streams of White Light Into Darkened Corners, a documentary album that took " a satirical look at the early 1970s ' religious pop music ' trend from 1970 to 1974 ", written by celebrities who had " jumped on the ` 70s spiritual bandwagon ", and featured Norman singing covers of religious songs by Norman Greenbaum, Paul Simon, George Harrison, Eric Clapton, The Beatles, Randy Newman, Leon Russell, Jackson Browne, and the Rolling Stones, and was not released until 1977 by AB Records.

He left the club with only 22 wins from 83 games – a winning percentage of just over 25 %, however, he was credited for rebuilding the club following the retirements of David Neitz, Adem Yze and Russell Robertson early in Bailey's coaching career.

Russellville is named after Major William Russell, an early settler in the area who helped in the construction of Jackson's Military Road.