According to this book at the time of the outbreak of the Crimean War many English industrialists and inventors became interested in military technology and Bessemer himself developed a method for grooving artillery projectiles so that they could spin without the use of rifling in the bore of the gun.

Though true rifling dates from the mid-16th century, it did not become commonplace until the nineteenth century.

The practice of rifling — casting spiraling lines inside the cannon's barrel — was applied to artillery more frequently by 1855, as it gave cannon projectiles gyroscopic stability, which improved their accuracy.

HK also developed modern polygonal rifling, noted for its high accuracy, increased muzzle velocity and barrel life.

This is rare on rifles designed for extreme accuracy, as the plating process is difficult and liable to reduce the effect of the rifling.

Barrel rifling dramatically increased the range and accuracy of the musket.

Modern muzzleloading firearms range from reproductions of sidelock, flintlock and percussion long guns, to in-line rifles that use modern inventions such as a closed breech, sealed primer and fast rifling to allow for considerable accuracy at long ranges.

Supporters of polygonal rifling also claim higher velocities and greater accuracy.

The spin imparted by rifling significantly improves the stability of the projectile, improving both range and accuracy.

Best accuracy, however, is typically provided with a minimum of freebore, maximizing the chances that the projectile will enter the rifling without distortion.

Undersized bullets also have problems, as they may not enter the rifling exactly concentric and coaxial to the bore, and excess twist will exacerbate the accuracy problems this causes.

M1903A3 rifles with two-groove ' war emergency ' barrels were shipped with a printed notation stating that the reduction in rifling grooves did not affect accuracy.

The advantage in using plastic as a swage material in such cases is reduced wear on the barrel rifling, extending the life and average accuracy of the weapon.

A system combining some sort of rifling for accuracy without a driving band would result in a much longer-range weapon.

With the fins for stability, rifling is no longer needed, and in fact the spin imparted by rifling would degrade the accuracy of a finned projectile.

This requires the bullet from a. 22 Short to travel a short distance before it engages the rifling, which is detrimental to accuracy.

A rifled barrel will increase the accuracy of slugs, but makes it unsuitable for firing shot, as the shot wears down the rifling and the rifling causes the shot to form a hollow " O " shape in flight.

The improved M-50, with the smaller fins and more “ rifling ”, had a maximum range of 30 + miles with a scatter on target of only 250 yards, demonstrating an accuracy approaching that of tube artillery.

Rifles had the advantage of long range accuracy, due to the fact that spin imparted by the rifling gave the bullet as it exited the barrel a more stable trajectory.

The round also suffered some accuracy issues, since the technology of the time was incapable of applying rifling to the bore of such a small caliber, resulting in no spin on the bullet.

This change was marketed in the 1954 Marlin catalog, as having numerous advantages that this new form of rifling had, including better accuracy, ease of cleaning, elimination of gas leakage, higher velocities and lower chamber pressures.

The catalog also claimed that Microgroove rifling did not distort the bullet jacket as deeply as Ballard rifling hence improving accuracy with jacketed bullets at standard velocity.

Beginning with the development of the first side-ejecting, solid-top receiver ( called the “ Marlin Safety ”) in 1889, to the 1953 introduction of the Micro-Groove rifling system for improved accuracy, and through to the 2004 introduction of the T-900 Fire Control System for bolt action rimfire rifles, Marlin engineers have set many important milestones in the firearm manufacturing industry.

The original. 50 Action Express bore diameter was. 500 " with conventional rifling, but the switch to polygonal rifling on production Desert Eagles Pistols allowed the gauge plug to drop through, rendering the gun a destructive device under Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives ( BATFE ) regulations.

A rifled breech loader ( RBL ) is an artillery piece which, unlike the smooth-bore cannon and rifled muzzle loader ( RML ) which preceded it, has rifling in the barrel and is loaded from the breech at the rear of the gun.

Built-up guns with rifling made cast cannon obsolete by 1880.

The original muzzle-loading rifle, with a closely fitting ball to take the rifling grooves, was loaded with difficulty, particularly when foul, and for this reason was not generally used for military purposes.

Even with the advent of rifling the bullet itself didn't change, but was wrapped in a greased, cloth patch to grip the rifling grooves.

In 1826 Delvigne, a French infantry officer, invented a breech with abrupt shoulders on which a spherical bullet was rammed down until it caught the rifling grooves.

Soon after, the Carabine à tige was invented by Louis-Etienne de Thouvenin, which provided for a stem at the bottom at the barrel that would deform and expand the base of the bullet when rammed, therefore enabling accurate contact with the rifling.

When fired, the skirt would expand from the pressure of the exploding charge and grip the rifling as the round was fired.

Many experimental designs used different shapes and degrees of spiraling ; one widely produced example was the Metford rifling in the Pattern 1888 Lee-Metford service rifle.

The original muzzle-loading rifle, on the other hand, with a more closely fitting ball to take the rifling grooves, was more difficult to load, particularly when the bore of the barrel was fouled from previous firings.

In 1826, Delvigne, a French infantry officer, invented a breech with abrupt shoulders on which a spherical bullet was rammed down until it caught the rifling grooves.

It was very similar to Norton's bullet except that the hollow base of the bullet was fitted with a wooden plug which more reliably forced the base of the bullet to expand and catch the rifling.

The Whitworth rifle had a smaller bore of 0. 451 inch ( 11 mm ) which was hexagonal, fired an elongated hexagonal bullet and had a faster rate of twist rifling turn in twenty inches than the Enfield, and its performance during tests in 1859 was superior to the Enfield's in every way.

Barrel rifling was invented in Augsburg, Germany at the end of the fifteenth century.

The Lee-Enfield bolt action system was introduced in 1889 with the Lee-Metford and later Lee-Enfield rifles ( the bolt system is named after the designer and the barrel rifling after the Royal Small Arms Factory at Enfield ), and is a " cock on closing " action in which the forward thrust of the bolt cocks the action.

The Lee-Enfield rifle was derived from the earlier Lee-Metford, a mechanically similar black powder rifle, which combined James Paris Lee's rear-locking bolt system with a barrel featuring rifling designed by William Ellis Metford.

Replacing this with a new square-shaped rifling system designed at the Royal Small Arms Factory ( RSAF ) Enfield solved the problem, and the Lee-Enfield was born.

The prosecution had demonstrated that Cardigan ( using a duelling pistol with concealed rifling and a hair trigger, which was thought unsporting according to the usages of duelling ) had fired upon Captain Harvey Tuckett.

The FAMAS G2 was developed c. 1994 to bring the rifle more in compliance with NATO standards by having tighter rifling and accepting standard NATO magazines, but also included several other upgrades taken from the G1 model, such as the enlarged trigger guard and improved hand guards made of fiber glass, rather than plastics like on the F1.

The barrel had polygonal rifling and was lighter than the MG 34's and heated more quickly, but could be replaced in seconds by an experienced gunner.

One bullet removed from Berardelli's body, which was determined by the coroner to be the fatal bullet that had killed the guard, was also of. 32 automatic caliber, but this. 32 bullet exhibited rifling marks with wide rifling grooves and a left-hand rifling twist consistent with having been fired from a. 32 Colt Model 1903 automatic pistol.