Heat of condensation ( work function ) plus kinetic energy of the electrons impinging on the anode.

The influence of mechanical action on the particles of free soil may be compared to that of kinetic energy on a molecular scale.

If such is the case, the particles within a distance of about Af of the Earth will have, relative to the Earth, a kinetic energy less than their potential energy and they will be captured into orbits about the Earth.

The older scales were based on theoretical estimates of the conversion efficiency of kinetic energy into light.

Nickel-iron meteorites with sufficient kinetic energy to produce large terrestrial explosion craters may nevertheless melt only small quantities of material.

Any quantity of energy absorbed by the electron in excess of this amount is converted to kinetic energy according to the conservation of energy.

In quantum mechanics, as a particle is localized to a smaller region in space, the associated compressed wave packet requires a larger and larger range of momenta, and thus larger kinetic energy.

Alpha particles have a typical kinetic energy of 5 MeV ( that is, ≈ 0. 13 % of their total energy, i. e. 110 TJ / kg ) and a speed of 15, 000 km / s.

Being relatively heavy and positively charged, alpha particles tend to have a very short mean free path, and quickly lose kinetic energy within a short distance of their source.

The kinetic energy of the ground state cannot be removed.

When a projectile is thrown by hand, the speed of the projectile is determined by the kinetic energy imparted by the thrower's muscles performing work.

Upon ejection the kinetic energy of the Auger electron corresponds to the difference between the energy of the initial electronic transition and the ionization energy for the electron shell from which the Auger electron was ejected.

Until the introduction of gunpowder into western warfare artillery depended upon mechanical energy to operate and this severely limited the kinetic energy of the projectiles while also requiring the construction of very large apparatus to store sufficient energy.

For comparison, a Roman 1st BC century catapult using stones of 6. 55 kg fired with a kinetic energy of 16, 000 joules, while a mid 19th century 12 pound cannon firing projectiles of 4. 1 kg fired the projectile with a kinetic energy of 240, 000 joules.

A lower bound for the required energy is the kinetic energy K = ½ mv < sup > 2 </ sup > where m is the final mass.

and the body's kinetic energy K to its velocity:

The kinetic energy K of the system at time t is

A mechanical analogy in the K = 1 case with magnetic field energy ( 1 / 2 ) Li < sup > 2 </ sup > is a body with mass M, velocity u and kinetic energy ( 1 / 2 ) Mu < sup > 2 </ sup >.

If ε denotes the total electron energy relative to the emitter Fermi level, and K < sub > p </ sub > denotes the kinetic energy of the electron parallel to the emitter surface, then the electron's normal energy ε < sub > n </ sub > ( sometimes called its " forwards energy ") is defined by

This shows the " parallel kinetic energy " K < sub > p </ sub > on the horizontal axis and the total energy ε on the vertical axis.

The approach used here was introduced by Forbes in 2004 and may be described as " integrating via the total energy distribution, using the parallel kinetic energy K < sub > p </ sub > as the first variable of integration ".

Like other techniques that linearize the Michaelis – Menten equation, the Eadie-Hofstee plot was used historically for rapid identification of important kinetic terms like K < sub > m </ sub > and V < sub > max </ sub >, but has been superseded by nonlinear regression methods that are significantly more accurate and no longer computationally inaccessible.

The XM8 was based on the kinetic energy module of Alliant Techsystems's XM29 OICW project, of which the weapon mechanisms were the responsibility of H & K.

The kinetic energy, K, depends on the speed of an object and is the ability of a moving object to do work on other objects when it collides with them.

In non-relativistic mechanics, for example, a point particle's Lagrangian is the difference between kinetic and potential energy: L = K − U. The action, often written S, is then the integral of this quantity from a starting time to an ending time:

These enzymes usually display different kinetic parameters ( e. g. different K < sub > M </ sub > values ), or different regulatory properties.

The compressive residual stress in a metal alloy is produced by the transfer of kinetic energy ( K. E.

C. K. Ingold with E. D. Hughes and G. Catchpole independently described a thermodynamic and kinetic reaction control model in 1948.

* 1947 Jointly with K. P. Gurov extended this method to the derivation of kinetic equations for quantum systems on the basis of the quantum BBGKY hierarchy.

For this reason, invariant mass is in general not an additive quantity ( although there are a few rare situations where it may be, as is the case when massive particles in a system without potential or kinetic energy can be added to a total mass ).

For this reason, invariant mass is in general not an additive quantity ( although there are a few rare situations where it may be, as is the case when massive particles in a system without potential or kinetic energy can be added to a total mass ).

AGN are both compact and persistently extremely luminous ; accretion can potentially give very efficient conversion of potential and kinetic energy to radiation, and a massive black hole has a high Eddington luminosity, so that it can provide the observed high persistent luminosity.

In general, if the characteristic kinetic energy of the radiation particles ( if they are massive particles ) or the photon energy of the radiation ( if it is electromagnetic radiation ) is greater than the ionization energy of the target material, then each particle collision can be expected to ionize a target atom, no matter how low the power of the beam.

The other flavors of quarks are too massive to be created in this reaction, unless the incident antiproton has kinetic energy far exceeding its rest mass, i. e. is moving close to the speed of light.

Since electrons are over one thousand times less massive than even the lightest atoms, this meant that the electrons held on to the vast majority of that kinetic energy.

Surges can travel around and are enormously destructive because of their massive kinetic energy and, for hot surges, the lethally hot gas.

The Great Hall is home to a massive, computer-controlled kinetic sculpture, " Cloud " by Toronto installation artist, David Rokeby.

The Stueckelberg Lagrangian of the StSM ( Stueckelberg extension of the Standard Model ) consists of a gauge invariant kinetic term for a massive U ( 1 ) gauge field.

Einstein considered the equivalency equation to be of paramount importance because it showed that a massive particle possesses an energy, the " rest energy ", distinct from its classical kinetic and potential energies.

Einstein considered the equivalency equation to be of paramount importance because it showed that a massive particle possesses an energy, the " rest energy ", distinct from its classical kinetic and potential energies.

Photochemical reactions rely on the splitting of molecules into constituent atoms, often with a significant portion of the kinetic energy carried off in the less massive particle with sufficiently high kinetic energy to escape.