Assyria was also sometimes known as Subartu, and after its fall, from 605 BC through to the late seventh century AD variously as Athura, Syria ( Greek ), Assyria ( Latin ) and Assuristan.

By 150 BC, Assyria was under the control of the Parthian Empire as Athura ( the Parthian word for Assyria ) where the Assyrian city of Ashur seems to have gained a degree of autonomy, and temples to the native gods of Assyria were resurrected.

Achaemenid Assyria ( 539 BC – 330 BC ) retained a separate identity ( Athura ), official correspondence being in Imperial Aramaic, and there was even a determined revolt of the two Assyrian provinces of Mada and Athura in 520 BC.

It became part of the Persian province of Athura, the Persian word for Assyria.

He was granted the title of " Patriarch of Mosul and Athura ( Assyria )", a title soon changed in " Patriarch of the Chaldeans ".

The region fell to the Assyrians ' southern brethren, the Babylonians in 608 BC, and from 539 BC it became part of the Persian Achaemenid Empire where it was known as Athura ( Persian for Assyria ).

Assyria continued to exist as a geopolitical entity until the Arab-Islamic conquest in the mid 7th century AD, and Assyrian identity, personal names and both spoken and written evolutions of Mesopotamian Aramaic ( which still contain many Akkadian loan words ) have survived among the Assyrian people from ancient times to this day.

In the Neo-Assyrian period the Aramaic language became increasingly common, more so than Akkadian — this was thought to be largely due to the mass deportations undertaken by Assyrian kings, in which large Aramaic-speaking populations, conquered by the Assyrians, were relocated to Assyria and interbred with the Assyrians.

However, Eastern Aramaic dialects, as well as Akkadian and Mesopotamian Aramaic personal and family names, still survive to this day among Assyrians in the regions of northern Iraq, southeast Turkey, northwest Iran and northeast Syria that constituted old Assyria.

Aramaic was marginalised as an official language, but remained spoken in both Assyria and Babylonia by the general populace.

Syriac was originally a local Aramaic dialect in Persian-ruled Assyria ( Asuristan ) and northern Mesopotamia that has evolved under the influence of Christianity into its current form.

Syriac began as an unwritten spoken dialect of Old Aramaic in Assyria / northern Mesopotamia.

Esarhaddon ( Akkadian: Aššur-ahhe-iddina " Ashur has given a brother to me "; Aramaic: ; ; ; ), was a king of Assyria who reigned 681 – 669 BC.

The Church of the East originally developed during the 1st century in the Aramaic speaking regions of Assyria, Babylonia, and northwestern Persia ( today's Iraq, southeast Turkey, northeast Syria and western Iran ), to the east of the Roman-Byzantine empire.

As early as the 8th century BC, the Aramaic language competed with the East Semitic Akkadian language and script in Assyria and Babylonia, and thereafter it spread throughout the Near East in various dialects.

The late Old Aramaic language of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, Neo-Babylonian Empire and Achaemenid Persian Empire developed into the Middle Aramaic Syriac language of Persian Assyria which would become the liturgical language of Syriac Christianity.

Errico was a student of the late George M. Lamsa, a Biblical scholar born in Assyria to an Aramaic-speaking mother, who believed that the Peshitta, or Syriac ( Aramaic ) language version of the New Testament, came before the Greek New Testament rather than being a translation thereof, as most scholars are convinced.

In Assyria, however, years came to be named for the annual presiding limmu official appointed by the king, rather than for an event.

Sennacherib's successor as king of Assyria, Esarhaddon rebuilt Babylon, but for the next 75 years Babylon remained under direct Assyrian control.

Another group, the Mitanni, subjugated Assyria and for a time menaced the Hittite kingdom, but were defeated by the two around the middle of the 14th.

Judah prospered as an Assyrian vassal state, despite a disastrous rebellion against Sennacherib ), but in the last half of the 7th century BCE Assyria suddenly collapsed, and the ensuing competition between the Egyptian and Neo-Babylonian empires for control of Palestine led to the destruction of Judah in a series of campaigns between 597 and 582.

Judah at this time was a vassal of Assyria, but Assyrian power collapsed in the 630s, and in around 622 Josiah and the Deuteronomists, as the circle around him are called by modern scholars, launched a bid for independence expressed as loyalty to " Yahweh alone " and the law-code in the book of Deuteronomy, written in the form of a treaty between Judah and Yahweh to replace the vassal-treaty with Assyria.

were used in ancient Assyria and Egypt for securing decorated hairstyles.

According to a recent hypothesis, the Archimedes screw may have been used by Sennacherib, King of Assyria, for the water systems at the Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Nineveh in the 7th century BC, although mainstream scholarship holds it to be a Greek invention of later times.

The work of exploration was carried on by George Smith, Hormuzd Rassam, and others, and a vast treasury of specimens of Assyria was incrementally exhumed for European museums.

The inhabitants worshiped the Pagan gods, but when the then-sparsely populated areas became infested with dangerous wild beasts, they appealed to the king of Assyria for Israelite priests to instruct them on how to worship the " God of that country.

Sennacherib ( pronounced ; Akkadian: Sîn-ahhī-erība " Sîn has replaced ( lost ) brothers for me ") was the son of Sargon II, whom he succeeded on the throne of Assyria ( 705 – 681 BC ).

Shulgi was a well known historical figure for at least another two thousand years, while historical narratives of the Mesopotamian societies of Assyria and Babylonia kept names, events, and mythologies in remembrance.

* 717 BC: Sargon II founds a new capital for Assyria at Dur-Sharrukin.

Ancient Assyria began to utilize mass-deportation as a punishment for rebellions since the 13th century BCE.

The armies of Babylonia under Hammurabi were well-disciplined, and conquered the city-states of Isin, Eshnunna, Uruk, Mari and eventually Assyria after a protracted struggle with the Assyrian king Ishme-Dagan for control of Mesopotamia.

Under his successor Samsu-iluna ( 1749-1712 BC ) the far south of Mesopotamia was lost to a native Akkadian king called Ilum-ma-ili and became The Sealand Dynasty, remaining free of Babylon for the next 272 years, and both the Babylonians and Amorites were driven from Assyria to the north by an Assyrian governor named Puzur-Sin, and after a civil war, a native king named Adasi seized power.

In 729 BC, Babylon was fully incorporated into the Assyrian Empire by Tiglath-Pileser III, who instead of allowing Babylonian kings to remain as vassals of Assyria as his predecessors had done for two hundred years, decided to rule directly himself.

* 717 BC — Sargon II founds a new capital for Assyria at Dur-Sharrukin.

From the 21st Century BC through to the late 18th Century BC, Assyria controlled colonies in Anatolia, and the Hurrians, like the Hattians, adopted the Assyrian Akkadian cuneiform script for their own language about 2000 BCE.

Much of the history of the Hittite Empire was concerned with warring with the rival empires of Egypt, Assyria and the Mitanni.

The Battle of Qarqar is mentioned in extra-biblical records, and was perhaps at Apamea where Shalmaneser III of Assyria fought a great confederation of princes from Cilicia, Northern Syria, Israel, Ammon, and the tribes of the Syrian desert ( 853 BC ), including Ahab ( A-ha-ab-bu < sup > mat </ sup >) ( Adad -' idri ).

The empire's breadbasket was the rain-fed agricultural system of northern Mesopotamia ( Assyria ) and a chain of fortresses was built to control the imperial wheat production.

When they lost control of Assyria itself, the name Syria survived and was applied only to the land of Aramea to the west, that had once been part of the Assyrian empire.

In 116 AD, under Trajan, it was taken over by Rome as the Roman Province of Assyria.

Romans and Parthians fought over Assyria and the rest of Mesopotamia until 226 AD, when it was taken over by the Sassanid ( Persian ) Empire.

After the Arab Islamic conquest in the 7th century AD Assyria was dissolved as an entity.

Additionally, the claimants to this ancestry also claim descendancy from Sargon of Akkad ( whose dynasty died out over 1500 years before the Assyrian dynasty fell ), and from Nabopolassar, who was a Chaldean, politically and militarily opposed to Assyria, and not in fact an Assyrian.

Between 150 BC and 226 AD Assyria changed hands between the Parthians and Romans ( Roman Province of Assyria ) until coming under the rule of Sassanid Persia in 226 AD – 651 AD, where it was known as Asuristan.

* Saggs, H. W. F. ( 1984 ): The Might that was Assyria, London, ISBN 0-283-98961-0

King Joash of Judah was recorded as being assassinated by his own servants, Joab assassinated Absalom, King David's son and King Sennacherib of Assyria was assassinated by his own sons.

Eventually Hezekiah revolted against Assyria, and as Isaiah had predicted the country was ravaged by Assyrian armies.