Astronomers of any nationality could apply for telescope time, choosing whichever agency they preferred to apply to.

Astronomers dubbed the former globular clusters, and the latter open clusters.

Astronomers know this ; in order to observe a dim star, they use averted vision, looking out of " the side of their eyes ".

Art historian Richard Poss took a more flexible approach, maintaining that the astronomical rock art of the North American Southwest should be read employing " the hermeneutic traditions of western art history and art criticism " Astronomers, however, raise different questions, seeking to provide their students with identifiable precursors of their discipline, and are especially concerned with the important question of how to confirm that specific sites are, indeed, intentionally astronomical.

* 2005 – Astronomers announce their discovery of the dwarf planet Eris.

Astronomers of the era expected that changes over time in the apparent separation and relative location of these stars would provide evidence for both the proper motion of stars and, by means of parallax shifts in their separation, for the distance of stars from the Earth ( a method first suggested by Galileo Galilei ).

Astronomers never preposed seriously to replace our era with their astronomical era ( which for that matter coincides exactly with the Christian era where it concerns the calendar years after the year 4 ).

Astronomers assumed that there was only one body in that orbit, and accordingly had difficulty determining their orbital characteristics.

On Monday 14 April 2008, Cheshire's 106. 9 Silk FM unveiled to its listeners their own campaign song to save Jodrell Bank, entitled " The Jodrell Bank Song " and sung by a group dubbed " The Astronomers ".

Astronomers have long believed that the Magellanic Clouds have orbited the Milky Way at approximately their current distances, but evidence suggests that it is rare for them to come as close to the Milky Way as they are now.

Astronomers have been conducting surveys to locate the NEOs, many ( as of early 2007 ) funded by NASA's Near Earth Object ( NEO ) program office as part of their Spaceguard program.

Astronomers had to stare for hours through their telescopes, waiting for a moment of still air when the image was clear, and then draw a picture of what they had seen.

* William Miller Sperry Observatory or Sperry Observatory, an astronomical observatory owned by Union County College and operated by Amateur Astronomers, Incorporated on Union County College on their Cranford, New Jersey campus

In an interview with Christianity Today, Jastrow said " Astronomers now find they have painted themselves into a corner because they have proven, by their own methods, that the world began abruptly in an act of creation to which you can trace the seeds of every star, every planet, every living thing in this cosmos and on the earth.

Where possible, individual astronomers have been categorized under their individual nationalities under " Astronomers by nationality ".

Astronomers continue to investigate the astrophysics of a large scale feature of the Milky Way to which he called their attention in 1877, and honor him with its name, The Gould Belt.

Astronomers, as members of the scientific community, cannot use in their scientific articles explanations that are not derived from empirically reproducible conditions, irrespective of their personal convictions.

Astronomers were then sent their data on magnetic tape by post, about a week after processing.

Astronomers have a number of observational tools that they can use to make measurements of the heavens.

Astronomers know that the dust is formed in the envelopes of late-evolved stars from specific observational signatures.

Astronomers analysing old data found that Ulysses ' instruments had detected a large drop in the number of protons passing, as well as a change in the direction and strength of the local magnetic field.

Astronomers often talk about " good " nights with a low average seeing disc diameter, and " bad " nights where the seeing diameter was so high that all observations were worthless.

Astronomers have attributed this acceleration to something called dark energy, so in a sense the ether is related to this entity.

Astronomers measure the angular separation of two stars by imagining two lines through the centre of the Earth, each intersecting one of the stars.

Astronomers know today that the Earth revolving around the sun is tilted on its axis, bringing each hemisphere now closer to the sun, now further away.

And even among those Stars which are reckoned of the brightest Class, there appears a Variety of Magnitude ; for Sirius or Arcturus are each of them brighter than Aldebaran or the Bull's Eye, or even than the Star in Spica ; and yet all these Stars are reckoned among the Stars of the first Order: And there are some Stars of such an intermedial Order, that the Astronomers have differed in classing of them ; some putting the same Stars in one Class, others in another.

Astronomers originally supposed that the entire trans-Neptunian population would show a similar red surface colour, as they were believed to have originated in the same region and subjected to the same physical processes.

The Amateur Astronomers Association of New York meets there one night a month from May to December for observing.

Astronomers submit proposals for peer review to gain access to the telescopes which are scheduled every night of the year for observations ( with the exception of Christmas and New Year's Eve ).

Astronomers had believed for some time that parallax would provide the first accurate measurement of interstellar distances — in fact, in the 1830s there was a fierce competition between astronomers to be the first to measure a stellar parallax accurately.

Astronomers do not know if the collision was simply a glancing blow or a prelude to a full-on merger, which would end with the two galaxies incorporated into one larger, probably elliptical galaxy.

Astronomers believe that the matter composing the Oort cloud formed closer to the Sun and was scattered far out into space by the gravitational effects of the giant planets early in the Solar System's evolution.

Astronomers found that it was more accurate to establish time by observing stars as they crossed a meridian rather than by observing the position of the Sun in the sky.

However, two Astronomers Royal had recently died in quick succession and Maskelyne was appointed to the position soon after his return to England.

Astronomers fell into the habit of referring to them and Titan as Saturn I through Saturn V. Once Mimas and Enceladus were discovered, in 1789, the numbering scheme was extended to Saturn VII.

From 1998-1999 he was chairman of the Society of Mathematicians, Physicists and Astronomers of Slovenia.

The Jalali calendar was introduced by Omar Khayyám alongside other Mathematicians and Astronomers in Nishapur, today it is one of the oldest calendars in the world as well as the most accurate solar calendar in use today.

Astronomers have long thought it was quite likely that many undiscovered dwarf stars exist within 20 light years of Earth, as stellar population surveys show the count of known nearby dwarf stars to be lower than otherwise expected and these stars are dim and easily overlooked.

Astronomers who believed quasars were not at cosmological distances argued that the Eddington luminosity set limits on how distant the quasars could be since the energy output required to explain the apparent brightness of cosmologically-distant quasars was far too high to be explainable by nuclear fusion alone.

John Pond died in Blackheath, London in the year of his 69th birthday and was buried beside and near fellow Astronomers Royal Edmond Halley and Nathaniel Bliss, respectively, in the churchyard of St Margaret's in nearby Lee.

These productions include the official International Year of Astronomy ( IYA2009 ) planetarium show " We are Astronomers " which was funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council ( STFC )

Astronomers have used the Bortle Dark-Sky Scale to measure skyglow ever since it was published in Sky & Telescope magazine in February 2001.

Astronomers initially thought that the halo was small and light, indicative of a spiral galaxy.

The nebula ’ s unique appearance led the magazine ’ s editors to comment, “ Astronomers looked 8, 000 light-years into the cosmos with the Hubble Space Telescope, and it seemed that the eye of God was staring back .”

Radhakrishnan was one of the most respected Radio Astronomers in the world during his time, in that he was associated in one capacity or other with the world ’ s biggest radio telescopes.

Astronomers at that time believed in the Kant-Laplace hypothesis, which stated that the farthest planets from the sun are the oldest — therefore Mars was more likely to have advanced civilizations than Venus.

Astronomers at the time, including Edmond Halley, speculated that this comet was a return of a bright comet seen close to the Sun in the sky in 1106.

Astronomers first suspected that there was an invisible, dark, galaxy, upon observing galaxy NGC 4254.

Astronomers had to make thousands of such calculations, and because the best method of multiplication available was long multiplication, most of this time was spent taxingly multiplying out products.