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At equilibrium, evaporation and condensation processes exactly balance and there is no net change in the volume of either phase.
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At and equilibrium
At pH values between the two pKa values, the zwitterion predominates, but coexists in dynamic equilibrium with small amounts of net negative and net positive ions.
At the Battle of Asfeld ( 552 ), he killed Turismod, son of the Gepid king Thurisind, in a victory that resulted in the Emperor Justinian's intervention to maintain equilibrium between the rival regional powers.
At a price below equilibrium, there is a shortage of quantity supplied compared to quantity demanded.
At a price above equilibrium, there is a surplus of quantity supplied compared to quantity demanded.
At these equilibrium prices, the market distributes the products to the purchasers according to each purchaser's preference ( or utility ) for each product and within the relative limits of each buyer's purchasing power.
At equilibrium, a voltage appears at the semiconductor edges.
At equilibrium C ( 1-α ) Cα Cα
At room temperature and pressure, the water jar reaches equilibrium when the air over the water has a humidity of about 3 %.
At 100 ° C and atmospheric pressure, equilibrium is not reached until the air is 100 % water.
At temperatures and pressures away from the markings, there will be only one phase at equilibrium.
At equilibrium, removal of slowly replicating sequences due to decay or outflow is balanced by replenishing, so that even relatively slowly replicating sequences can remain present in finite abundance.
At close range, fine control of the tip in all three dimensions when near the sample is typically piezoelectric, maintaining tip-sample separation W typically in the 4-7 Å ( 0. 4-0. 7 nm ) range, which is the equilibrium position between attractive ( 3 < W < 10Å ) and repulsive ( W < 3Å ) interactions.
At the equilibrium position, the net restoring force vanishes.
At equilibrium, the two rates must be equal.
At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium.
: At constant temperature, the amount of a given gas dissolved in a given type and volume of liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in equilibrium with that liquid.
At low frequencies the field changes slowly enough to allow dipoles to reach equilibrium before the field has measurably changed.
At Blake Ridge on the Atlantic continental rise, the GHSZ started at 190 m depth and continued to 450 m, where it reached equilibrium with the gaseous phase.
At world equilibrium, Pw, Home produced only S amount of the good, but had a demand of D. The difference between S and D, SD was filled by importing from abroad.
At steady state conditions and local thermal equilibrium are assumed we get the following equation
At equilibrium, E
At this state the system will be in mechanical equilibrium.
At the peak of the action potential, the sodium permeability is maximized and the membrane voltage V < sub > m </ sub > is nearly equal to the sodium equilibrium voltage E < sub > Na </ sub >.
At extreme cosmological distances, the property of mechanical equilibrium in surfaces lateral to the line of sight can be empirically tested ; however, under the assumption of the cosmological principle, it cannot be detected parallel to the line of sight ( see timeline of the universe ).
At and evaporation
At an azeotrope, the solution contains the given component in the same proportion as the vapor, so that evaporation does not change the purity, and distillation does not effect separation.
At much lower voltages, the bulb temperature may be too low to support the halogen cycle, but by this time the evaporation rate is too low for the bulb to blacken significantly.
At lower excitation energy ( see neutron evaporation ), the effect of the shell will be enhanced and ground-state nuclei can be expected to have relatively long half-lives.
At sufficiently high values of the applied field, ions are extracted from the cone tip by field evaporation or similar mechanisms, which then are accelerated to high velocities ( typically 100 km / s or more ).
At temperatures above the freezing point of water, evaporation of water from the wick lowers the temperature, so that the wet-bulb thermometer usually shows a lower temperature than that of the dry-bulb thermometer.
At times in between glaciers ( interglacial ), salt deposits may be present due to the arid climate and evaporation of lake water.
At lower values of surface power density ( in the range of about 10 < sup > 3 </ sup > W / mm < sup > 2 </ sup >) the loss of material by evaporation for most metals is negligible, which is favorable for welding.
At lower values of surface power density ( in the range of about 10 < sup > 3 </ sup > W / mm < sup > 2 </ sup >) the loss of material by evaporation for most metals is negligible, which is favorable for welding.
At one time this property was believed to be a result of magic or witchcraft, but it is an entirely natural phenomenon and due to a process of evaporation and deposition in waters with an unusually high mineral content.
At the turn of the 20th century, evaporation techniques allowed fruit growers to ship their products more efficiently to distant markets, yielding an expansion of fruit growing in the valley.
At the Great Salt Lake near Ogden, Utah, Compass Minerals draws naturally occurring brine out of the lake into shallow ponds and allows solar evaporation to produce salt, sulfate of potash ( SOP ) and magnesium chloride.
At and condensation
At very low temperatures in the vicinity of absolute zero, matter exhibits many unusual properties, including superconductivity, superfluidity, and Bose – Einstein condensation.
At the same time, condensation occurs in thin film on the adaxial face of the spore.
At this saturation temperature, further cooling results in condensation of water.
At a critical temperature the Higgs field becomes tachyonic, the symmetry is spontaneously broken by condensation, and the W and Z bosons acquire masses.
At the saturation temperature for a given pressure, cooling the steam will result in condensation and heating steam further will result in super heated steam.
At small radii, the supersaturation needed for condensation to occur is so large that it does not happen naturally.
At that time the comet was at visual magnitude 10, with a strong central condensation and a short tail.
At MIT, he became an authority on statistical physics, and worked on Bose-Einstein condensation and quantum field theory.
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