Australia made a mere 63 runs in its first innings, and England, led by A. N. Hornby, took a 38-run lead with a total of 101.

Later in 1882, following the famous Australian victory at The Oval, Bligh led an England team to Australia, as he said, to " recover those ashes ".

After what the MCC saw as the problems of the earlier professional and amateur series they decided to take control of organising tours themselves, and this led to the first MCC tour of Australia in 1903 – 04.

Monty Noble led Australia to victory in both 1907 – 08 and 1909.

In 1970 – 71, Ray Illingworth led England to a 2 – 0 win in Australia, mainly due to John Snow's fast bowling, and the prolific batting of Geoffrey Boycott and John Edrich.

The popularity and reputation of the cricket series has led to other sports or games, and / or their followers, using the name " Ashes " for contests between England and Australia.

Over the period 1858 to 1861, John McDouall Stuart led six expeditions north from Adelaide into the outback, culminating in successfully reaching the north coast of Australia and returning, without the loss of any of the party's members ' lives.

However, with domestic demand led growth ( as in the United States and Australia ) the trade balance will worsen at the same stage in the business cycle.

This led to much speculation among Whitlam's supporters as to whether this use of the Governor-General's reserve powers was appropriate, and whether Australia should become a republic.

Don ’ s number 1 successes in Europe and Australia led to a new deal in the USA with Millennium Records.

Although Holden's involvement in exports has fluctuated since the 1950s, the declining sales of large cars in Australia has led the company to look to international markets to increase profitability.

The decision to opt for a Japanese-made transmission led to the closure of the Woodville, South Australia assembly plant.

After being appointed as mine manager at the age of 23, he led a major program of expansion for the Sons of Gwalia gold mine at Gwalia, Western Australia, and brought in many Italian immigrants to cut costs and counter the union militancy of the Australian miners.

In 1996, as a result of a three-year research project led by Lindsay B. Yeates, the Australian Hypnotherapists ' Association ( founded in 1949 ), the oldest hypnotism-oriented professional organization in Australia, instituted a peer-group accreditation system for full-time Australian professional hypnotherapists, the first of its kind in the world.

A report of fatal incidences with cat food in Australia led to rumours and speculation about the safety of irradiated food and a nationwide recall.

In 1934, Bill Woodfull led Australia back to England on a tour that had been under a cloud after the tempestuous cricket diplomacy of the previous bodyline series.

For example, the left-wing Builders Labourers Federation in Australia, led by the communist Jack Mundy, united with environmentalists to place Green Bans on environmentally destructive development projects.

Later that year, the Honourable Ivo Bligh led a team of eight amateurs and four professionals to Australia to recover them, with the first two matches of the tour played at the MCG.

In response to the judgment, the Parliament of Australia, controlled by the Labor Party led by Prime Minister Paul Keating, enacted the Native Title Act 1993 ( NTA ).

Certain Phosphate Lands: Nauru v. Australia led to an out-of-court settlement to rehabilitate the mined-out areas of Nauru.

Its separation from Australia at the end of the Cretaceous ( 65 MYA ) and from New Zealand in the mid-Miocene has led to a long period of evolution in near complete isolation.

This led to the U. S. Congress to enact the Public Law 81-600 which led to the Congressional approval of a local constitution drafted by a constitutional assembly elected by Puerto Rico and the renaming of the United States unincorporated territory of Puerto Rico as the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, using the same official name as the commonwealths of the U. S. states of Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and Virginia, as well as that of other sovereign nation countries such as Australia.

According to tradition, the bitter taste of antimalarial quinine tonic led British colonials in India to mix it with gin, thus creating the gin and tonic cocktail, which is still popular today in many parts of the world, especially the UK, United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.

Labor led by John Curtin refused Menzies ' offer to form a war coalition, and also opposed using the Australian army for a European war, preferring to keep it at home to defend Australia.

Military aid is received from Australia, the People's Republic of China, and the United Kingdom ( although the latter has suspended aid as a result of the 2006 military coup against the civilian government ).

Of the ten Australians appointed since 1965, Lord Casey, Sir Paul Hasluck and Bill Hayden were former federal parliamentarians ; Sir John Kerr was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New South Wales ; Sir Ninian Stephen and Sir William Deane were appointed from the bench of the High Court ; Sir Zelman Cowen was a vice-chancellor of the University of Queensland and constitutional lawyer ; Peter Hollingworth was the Anglican Archbishop of Brisbane ; and Major-General Michael Jeffery was a retired military officer and former Governor of Western Australia.

After an education at various schools around the United Kingdom and spending parts of his gap year in Australia and Lesotho, Harry eschewed a university education in favour of following in the footsteps of various royal men by enrolling in the military.

India and Japan signed a security cooperation agreement in which both will hold military exercises, police the Indian Ocean and conduct military-to-military exchanges on fighting terrorism, making India one of only three countries, the other two being the United States and Australia, with which Japan has such a security pact.

In 1937 Eccles returned to Australia, where he worked on military research during World War II.

* former German New Guinea became the Territory of New Guinea ( Australia / United Kingdom ) from 17 December 1920 under a ( at first Military ) Administrator ; after ( wartime ) Japanese / U. S. military commands from 8 December 1946 under UN mandate as North East New Guinea ( under Australia, as administrative unit ), until it became part of present Papua New Guinea at independence in 1975

CMF units were sometimes scorned by AIF soldiers as " chocolate soldiers " or " chockos ", because " they would melt under the pressure " of military operations ; or in an alternative version of the story of the origin of this term, as a result of the 1930s ' uniforms of Militia soldiers, these soldiers were considered by AIF volunteers and some civilians as soldiers only for show like the soldiers in garish 19th century dress uniforms shown on tins of chocolates that were commonly sold in Australia in the 1930s, hence the name " chocolate-tin soldiers " for Militia members.

Nations that permit gay people to serve openly in the military include the 4 of the 5 members of the UN Security Council ( United States, United Kingdom, France, and Russia ), the Republic of China ( Taiwan ), Australia, Israel, Argentina, and all NATO members excluding Turkey.

These include the military tribunals established by the United States of America and tribunals used in Australia to try health professionals.

Some of its key military export projects include T-155 Firtina self-propelled artillery for Turkey ; K11 air-burst rifle for United Arab Emirates ; Bangabandhu class guided-missile frigate for Bangladesh ; fleet tankers such as Sirius class for the navies of Australia, New Zealand, and Venezuela ; Makassar class amphibious assault ships for Indonesia ; and KT-1 trainer for Turkey and Indonesia.

Australia has provided the bulk of Vanuatu's military assistance, training its paramilitary mobile force and also providing patrol boats to patrol Vanuatu's waters.

Australia Included in total military deaths are 54, 000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds The Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2009-2010 is the source of the total 61, 966 military dead.

* November 10 – Australia partially reintroduces compulsory military service due to the Indonesian Confrontation.

Service clubs in this article do not refer to the term " service club " used in the United Kingdom, Australia, and some other Commonwealth countries, in which those groups consist of clubs for members of " the services ", a common expression for the military or uniformed forces.

Amsterdam Airport Schiphol opened on September 16, 1916 as a military airfield, but only accepted civil aircraft from December 17, 1920, allowing Sydney Airport in Sydney, Australia — which started operations in January 1920 — to claim to be one of the world's oldest continually operating commercial airports.

Christopher Boyce, who was convicted for spying for the Soviet Union while an employee for a CIA contractor, claimed that the CIA wanted Whitlam removed from office because he threatened to close US military bases in Australia, including Pine Gap.

In the 1940s, the Government of South Australia operated a fleet of AEC 8x8 military trucks to transport freight and supplies into the Northern Territory, replacing the Afghan camel trains that had been trekking through the deserts since the late 19th century.

Countries contributing military resources to UNTSO include, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, the People's Republic of China, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Nepal, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Russia ( formerly the Soviet Union ), Slovenia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, and the US.

Military officials accused Hu of making poor choices when purchasing military hardware from Australia in 1985.

* Distinguished Service Cross ( Australia ), Australian military award

Because of their military connection with the ANZACs and ANZAC Day, these biscuits are often used as a fundraising item for the Royal New Zealand Returned Services ' Association ( RSA ) and the Returned and Services League of Australia ( RSL ).

They include those dedicated to Beau Nash, Admiral Arthur Phillip ( first Governor of the colony of New South Wales, which became part of Australia after federation in 1901 ), James Montague ( Bishop of Bath and Wells ), Lady Waller ( wife of William Waller, a Roundhead military leader in the English Civil War ), Elizabeth Grieve ( wife of James Grieve, physician to Elizabeth, Empress of Russia ), Sir William Baker, John Sibthorp, Richard Hussey Bickerton, William Hoare, Richard Bickerton and US Senator William Bingham.

* Emu War, also called The Great Emu War, a military operation to kill emus in Western Australia in 1932