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Averroes and Ibn
Islamic philosophers such as Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ), Al-Farabi ( Alpharabius ), and Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ) reinterpreted Greek thought in the context of their religion.
Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ), in his treatise on Justice and Jihad and his commentary on Plato's Republic, writes that the human mind can know of the unlawfulness of killing and stealing and thus of the five maqasid or higher intents of the Islamic sharia or to protect religion, life, property, offspring, and reason.
However, in the Western thought, it is generally supposed that it was a specific area peculiar merely to the great philosophers of Islam: al-Kindi ( Alkindus ), al-Farabi ( Abunaser ), İbn Sina ( Avicenna ), Ibn Bajjah ( Avempace ), Ibn Rushd ( Averroes ), and Ibn Khaldun.
In particular, early secular ideas involving the separation of philosophy and religion can be traced back to Ibn Rushd ( Averroes ) and the Averroism school of philosophy.
Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ) introduced teleological arguments into his interpretations of Aristotle from an Islamic perspective in Moorish Spain in the latter half of the 12th Century.
* Averroes Ibn Rushd, Spanish Islamic polymath
(), better known just as Ibn Rushd (), and in European literature as Averroes (; April 14, 1126 – December 10, 1198 ), was an Andalusian Muslim polymath ; a master of Aristotelian philosophy, Islamic philosophy, Islamic theology, Maliki law and jurisprudence, logic, psychology, politics, Arabic music theory, and the sciences of medicine, astronomy, geography, mathematics, physics and celestial mechanics.
Averroes is a Latinisation of the Arab name Ibn Rushd.
Averroes later reported how it was also Ibn Tufail that inspired him to write his famous commentaries on Aristotle:
Averroes also studied the works and philosophy of Ibn Bajjah (" Avempace " to the West ), another famous Islamic philosopher who greatly influenced his own Averroist thought.
However, while the thought of his mentors Ibn Tufail and Ibn Bajjah were mystic to an extent, the thought of Averroes was purely rationalist.
Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ), Ibn Bajjah ( Avempace ) and Thomas Aquinas developed the theory of inertia in the celestial spheres, while Avicenna ( Ibn Sina ) and Jean Buridan developed the theory of impetus in the celestial spheres.
Thanks to Ibn Rushd ( Averroes ), Spain became a center of philosophical learning as is reflected by the explosion of philosophical inquiry among Jews, Muslims and Christians.
Ibn Falaquera's two leading philosophic authorities were Averroes and Maimonides.
Gersonides and his father were avid students of the works of Alexander of Aphrodisias, Aristotle, Empedocles, Galen, Hippocrates, Homer, Plato, Ptolemy, Pythagoras, Themistius, Theophrastus, Ali ibn Abbas al-Magusi, Ali ibn Ridwan, Averroes, Avicenna, Qusta ibn Luqa, Al-Farabi, Al-Fergani, Chonain, Isaac Israeli, Ibn Tufail, Ibn Zuhr, Isaac Alfasi, and Maimonides.
Islamic philosophers such as Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ), Al-Farabi ( Alpharabius ), Avicenna ( Ibn Sina ) and Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ) reinterpreted Greek philosophies in the context of their religion.
This period starts with al-Kindi in the 9th century and ends with Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ) at the end of 12th century.
From the 9th century onwards, owing to Caliph al-Ma ' mun and his successor, Greek philosophy and Hellenistic philosophy were introduced among the Persians and Arabs, and the Peripatetic and Neoplatonic schools began to find able representatives among them ; such were al-Kindi, al-Farabi, Avicenna ( Ibn Sina ), and Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ), all of whose fundamental principles were considered as criticized by the Mutakallamin.

Averroes and Rushd
The influence of this reaction brought forth the two greatest philosophers that the Islamic Peripatetic school ever produced, namely, Ibn Bajjah ( Avempace ) and Ibn Rushd ( Averroes ), both of whom undertook the defense of philosophy.
Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ), the founder of Averroism.
However, in the Western thought, it is generally known that it was a specific area peculiar merely to the great philosophers of Islam: al-Kindi ( Alkindus ), al-Farabi ( Alfarabi ), İbn Sina ( Avicenna ), Ibn Bajjah ( Avempace ), Ibn Rushd ( Averroes ), and Ibn Khaldun.
Ibn Rushd ( Averroes ), a philosopher, famously responded that " to say that philosophers are incoherent is itself to make an incoherent statement.
* Ibn Rushd ( Averroes ) ( 1126-1198 ), philosopher and scholar
There are two different Arabic interpretations of Aristotle ’ s Poetics in commentaries by Abu Nasr al-Farabi and Averroes ( i. e., Abu al-Walid Ibn Rushd ).
They were studied by Islamic and Jewish scholars, including Rabbi Moses Maimonides ( 1135 – 1204 ) and the Muslim Judge Ibn Rushd, known in the West as Averroes ( 1126 – 1198 ); both were originally from Cordoba, Spain, although the former left Iberia and by 1168 lived in Egypt.
" One of his teachers was Ibn Rushd al-Saghir, the grandson of Averroes and author of Bidiyat al-Mujtahid.
Some of the greatest Peripatetic philosophers in the Islamic philosophical tradition were Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ), Al-Farabi ( Alpharabius ), Avicenna ( Ibn Sina ) and Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ).
* Ibn Rushd ( Latinised form: Averroes ) ( 1126-1198 )
Further solutions to the existence of God have been proposed by St. Anselm, who formulated the first ontological argument ; Ibn Rushd ( Averroes ) and Aquinas, who presented their own versions of the cosmological argument ( the kalam argument and the first way ), respectively ; Descartes, who said that the existence of a benevolent God was logically necessary for the evidence of the senses to be meaningful ; and Immanuel Kant, who argued that the existence of God can be deduced from the existence of good.

Averroes and is
It is widely accepted that Copernicus's De revolutionibus followed the outline and method set by Ptolemy in his Almagest and employed geometrical constructions that had been developed previously by the Maragheh school in his heliocentric model, and that Galileo's mathematical treatment of acceleration and his concept of impetus rejected earlier medieval analyses of motion, rejecting by name ; Averroes, Avempace, Jean Buridan, and John Philoponus ( see Theory of impetus ).
Averroes ' name is also seen as Averroës, Averroès or Averrhoës, indicating that the " o " and the " e " form separate syllables.
Averroes is also a highly regarded legal scholar of the Maliki school.
In metaphysics, or more exactly ontology, Averroes rejects the view advanced by Avicenna that existence is merely accidental.
Averroes is most famous for his commentaries of Aristotle's works, which had been mostly forgotten in the West.
Averroes is also a highly-regarded legal scholar of the Maliki school.
* Reflecting the respect which medieval European scholars paid to him, Averroes is named by Dante in The Divine Comedy with the great pagan philosophers whose spirits dwell in " the place that favor owes to fame " in Limbo.
* Averroes appears in a short story by Jorge Luis Borges, entitled " Averroes's Search ", in which he is portrayed trying to find the meanings of the words tragedy and comedy.
* Averroes is also the title of a play called " The Gladius and The Rose ", written by Tunisian writer Mohamed Ghozzi, and which had the first price in the theater festival in Charjah in 1999.
In medieval virtue ethics, championed by Averroes and Thomas Aquinas and still important to Roman Catholicism, courage is referred to as " Fortitude ".
The opposite idea of " Existence precedes essence " was thus developed in the works of Averroes and Mulla Sadra as a reaction to this idea and is a key foundational concept of existentialism.
Averroes ’ commentary attempts to harmonize his assessment of the Poetics with al-Farabi ’ s, but he is ultimately unable to reconcile his ascription of moral purpose to poetry with al-Farabi ’ s logical interpretation.
The Mu ' tazilah school of Islamic theology also defended the view ( with, for example, Nazzam maintaining that God is powerless to engage in injustice or lying ), as did the Islamic philosopher Averroes.
" Averroës's Search " ( original Spanish title: " La Busca de Averroes ") is a 1947 short story by the Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges.
His writings, however, show traces of the influence of Averroes, hence he is an Averroistic Aristotelean ; apparently he was also inclined to pantheism, consequently he was included, later, in the Spinozists before Spinoza.
) Another form of this argument is based on the concept of a prime-mover ; this Aristotelian form of the argument was also propounded by Averroes.
Another form of this argument is based on the concept of a prime-mover ( This is the Aristotelian form of the argument also propounded by Averroes ).
The difference between Thomism and Scotism could be expressed by saying that, while both derive from Arabic Neoplatonized Aristotelianism, Thomism is closer to the orthodox Aristotelianism of Maimonides, Averroes and Avicenna, while Scotism reflects the Platonizing tendency going back through Avicebron, the Brethren of Purity, the Liber de Causis and Proclus to Plotinus.

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