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Averroes and Avicenna
The study of Aristotle brought him to study and comment on the teachings of Muslim academics, notably Avicenna and Averroes, and this would bring him in the heart of academic debate.
The teleological argument was presented by the early Islamic philosophers, Alkindus and Averroes ( founder of Averroism ), while Avicenna ( founder of the Avicennism school of Islamic philosophy ) presented both the cosmological argument and ontological argument in The Book of Healing ( 1027 ).
Grosseteste's most famous disciple, Roger Bacon, wrote works citing a wide range of recently translated optical and philosophical works, including those of Alhazen, Aristotle, Avicenna, Averroes, Euclid, al-Kindi, Ptolemy, Tideus, and Constantine the African.
However, in the Western thought, it is generally supposed that it was a specific area peculiar merely to the great philosophers of Islam: al-Kindi ( Alkindus ), al-Farabi ( Abunaser ), İbn Sina ( Avicenna ), Ibn Bajjah ( Avempace ), Ibn Rushd ( Averroes ), and Ibn Khaldun.
In Persia, works such as the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam and Epic of Kings by Ferdowsi provided evidence of political analysis, while the Middle Eastern Aristotelians such as Avicenna and later Maimonides and Averroes, continued Aristotle's tradition of analysis and empiricism, writing commentaries on Aristotle's works.
The terms " comedy " and " satire " became synonymous after Aristotle's Poetics was translated into Arabic in the medieval Islamic world, where it was elaborated upon by Arabic writers and Islamic philosophers such as Abu Bischr, his pupil Al-Farabi, Avicenna, and Averroes.
Philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, Al-Farabi, Avicenna, Averroes, Maimonides, Aquinas and Hegel are sometimes said to have argued that reason must be fixed and discoverable — perhaps by dialectic, analysis, or study.
Averroes ' rebuttal was two-pronged: he contended both that al-Ghazali's arguments were mistaken and that, in any case, the system of Avicenna was a distortion of genuine Aristotelianism so that al-Ghazali was aiming at the wrong target.
In metaphysics, or more exactly ontology, Averroes rejects the view advanced by Avicenna that existence is merely accidental.
Averroes ' rebuttal was two-pronged: he contended both that al-Ghazali's arguments were mistaken and that, in any case, the system of Avicenna was a distortion of genuine Aristotelianism so that al-Ghazali was aiming at the wrong target.
Inspired by Islamic philosophers Avicenna and Averroes, Aristotelian philosophy became part of a standard approach to all legal and ethical discussion in Europe by the time of Thomas Aquinas.
Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ), Ibn Bajjah ( Avempace ) and Thomas Aquinas developed the theory of inertia in the celestial spheres, while Avicenna ( Ibn Sina ) and Jean Buridan developed the theory of impetus in the celestial spheres.
Gersonides and his father were avid students of the works of Alexander of Aphrodisias, Aristotle, Empedocles, Galen, Hippocrates, Homer, Plato, Ptolemy, Pythagoras, Themistius, Theophrastus, Ali ibn Abbas al-Magusi, Ali ibn Ridwan, Averroes, Avicenna, Qusta ibn Luqa, Al-Farabi, Al-Fergani, Chonain, Isaac Israeli, Ibn Tufail, Ibn Zuhr, Isaac Alfasi, and Maimonides.
His influence was such that Avicenna referred to him simply as " the Master "; Maimonides, Alfarabi, Averroes, and Aquinas call him just " the Philosopher.
Islamic philosophers such as Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ), Al-Farabi ( Alpharabius ), Avicenna ( Ibn Sina ) and Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ) reinterpreted Greek philosophies in the context of their religion.
From the 9th century onwards, owing to Caliph al-Ma ' mun and his successor, Greek philosophy and Hellenistic philosophy were introduced among the Persians and Arabs, and the Peripatetic and Neoplatonic schools began to find able representatives among them ; such were al-Kindi, al-Farabi, Avicenna ( Ibn Sina ), and Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ), all of whose fundamental principles were considered as criticized by the Mutakallamin.
However, in the Western thought, it is generally known that it was a specific area peculiar merely to the great philosophers of Islam: al-Kindi ( Alkindus ), al-Farabi ( Alfarabi ), İbn Sina ( Avicenna ), Ibn Bajjah ( Avempace ), Ibn Rushd ( Averroes ), and Ibn Khaldun.
Preeminent among Islamic philosophers who were influenced by Aristotelian theology are Avicenna and Averroes.
There had been earlier Aristotelian influences within Christianity ( notably Anselm ), but Aquinas ( who, incidentally, found his Aristotelian influence via Avicenna, Averroes, and Maimonides ) incorporated extensive Aristotelian ideas throughout his own theology.
In the Islamic world, the works of Aristotle were translated into Arabic, and under philosophers such as Al-Kindi, Al-Farabi, Avicenna, and Averroes, Aristotelianism became a major part of early Islamic philosophy.
Such claims were without merit, however, as the Alexandrian Aristotelianism of Averroes followed " the strict study of the text of Aristotle, which was introduced by Avicenna, a large amount of traditional Neoplatonism was incorporated with the body of traditional Aristotelianism ".
The terms " comedy " and " satire " became synonymous after Aristotle's Poetics was translated into Arabic in the medieval Islamic world, where it was elaborated upon by Arabic writers and Islamic philosophers, such as Abu Bischr, his pupil al-Farabi, Avicenna, and Averroes.
Some of the greatest Peripatetic philosophers in the Islamic philosophical tradition were Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ), Al-Farabi ( Alpharabius ), Avicenna ( Ibn Sina ) and Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ).
By the 12th century, Aristotle's works began being translated into Latin during the Latin translations of the 12th century, and gradually arose Scholastic philosophy under such names as Thomas Aquinas, which took its tone and complexion from the writings of Aristotle, the commentaries of Averroes, and The Book of Healing of Avicenna.

Averroes and Alpharabius
Islamic philosophers such as Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ), Al-Farabi ( Alpharabius ), and Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ) reinterpreted Greek thought in the context of their religion.

Averroes and who
Perhaps the most influential political philosopher of medieval Europe was St. Thomas Aquinas who helped reintroduce Aristotle's works, which had only been preserved by the Muslims, along with the commentaries of Averroes.
14th-century depiction of Averroes ( detail from Triunfo de Santo Tomás by Andrea da Firenze ), who addressed the omnipotence paradox in the 12th century
Averroes also studied the works and philosophy of Ibn Bajjah (" Avempace " to the West ), another famous Islamic philosopher who greatly influenced his own Averroist thought.
Averroes's strictly rationalist views collided with the more orthodox views of Abu Yusuf Ya ' qub al-Mansur, who therefore eventually banished Averroes, though he had previously appointed him as his personal physician.
Unlike the European scholars who came after him, Averroes argued that rhetoric and poetics were both part of Aristotle's work on logical thought.
Averroes ( 1126 – 98 ) was the last major logician from al-Andalus, who wrote the most elaborate commentaries on Aristotelian logic.
Averroes ( 1126 – 1198 ), who spent much of his life in Cordoba and Seville, was especially distinguished as a commentator of Aristotle.
Many copies of Aristotle in Latin then in circulation were assumed to have been influenced by Averroes, who was suspected of being a source of philosophical and theological errors found in the earlier translations of Aristotle.
Authors who wrote on mental disorders and / or proposed treatments during this period include Al-Balkhi, Al-Razi, Al-Farabi, Ibn-Sina, Al-Majusi Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, Averroes, and Unhammad
Further solutions to the existence of God have been proposed by St. Anselm, who formulated the first ontological argument ; Ibn Rushd ( Averroes ) and Aquinas, who presented their own versions of the cosmological argument ( the kalam argument and the first way ), respectively ; Descartes, who said that the existence of a benevolent God was logically necessary for the evidence of the senses to be meaningful ; and Immanuel Kant, who argued that the existence of God can be deduced from the existence of good.
This was the program of Jewish rationalist philosophers such as Saadia Gaon, Maimonides ( who was influenced by Ibn Sina aka Avicenna ), and Gersonides ( who was influenced by Ibn Roshd, aka Averroes ).
The genus was named after Abū ' l-Walīd Muḥammad bin Aḥmad bin Rushd ( better known just as Ibn Rushd ), who was called Averroes in European Literature-a famous Arabian physician, astronomer and philosopher of the 12th century.
The similarities of his ideas with those of al-Ghazali suggest that Nicholas was familiar with the work of al-Ghazali, who was known as " Algazel " in Europe, either directly or indirectly through Averroes.

Averroes and wrote
Averroes wrote a medical encyclopedia called Kulliyat (" Generalities ", i. e. general medicine ), known in its Latin translation as Colliget.
Averroes wrote commentaries on most of the surviving works of Aristotle working from Arabic translations.
Anatoli wrote the Malmad exhibiting his broad knowledge of classic Jewish exegetes, as well as Plato, Aristotle, Averroes, and the Vulgate, as well as with a large number of Christian institutions, some of which he ventures to criticize, such as celibacy and monastic castigation, as well as certain heretics and he repeatedly appeals to his readers for a broader cultivation of the classic languages and the non-Jewish branches of learning.
As an admirer of Averroes ; he devoted a great deal of study to his works and wrote commentaries on a number of them.
He often wrote two or three different commentaries on the same work, and some 38 commentaries by Averroes on the works of Aristotle have been identified.
Ibn Rushd ( Averroes ) wrote a refutation of Al-Ghazali's work entitled The Incoherence of the Incoherence ( Tahāfut al-Tahāfut ) in which he defends the doctrines of the philosophers and criticizes al-Ghazali's own arguments.
He wrote a short story in which the philosopher Averroes is the chief protagonist, Averroes's Search.

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