Avowed Hussites stood at the head of the government.

Avowed supporters of fascism from the United Kingdom.

Secularism draws its intellectual roots from Greek and Roman philosophers such as Marcus Aurelius and Epicurus ; medieval Muslim polymaths such as Ibn Rushd ; Enlightenment thinkers such as Denis Diderot, Voltaire, Baruch Spinoza, John Locke, James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, and Thomas Paine ; and more recent freethinkers, agnostics, and atheists such as Robert Ingersoll and Bertrand Russell.

Local organizations work to raise the profile of secularism in their communities and tend to include secularists, freethinkers, atheists, agnostics, and humanists under their organizational umbrella.

In 1968 the Humanist Association of Canada was formed to serve as an umbrella group for Humanists, atheists, freethinkers, and to champion social justice issues and oppose religious influence on public policy — most notably in the fight to make access to abortion free and legal in Canada.

In 1957, Olson became president of the United Secularists of America, a body made up of secularists, atheists, and freethinkers.

The Singapore Humanism Meetup is a major network of 400 over secular Humanists, freethinkers, atheists, and agnostics.

The Secular Coalition for America is an advocacy group located in Washington D. C., representing atheists, humanists, freethinkers, agnostics, and other non-theistic people with a naturalistic worldview in American politics.

Most of the imaginists were freethinkers and atheists.

He has recently been doing research into clerics who are secretly atheists and how they rationalize their works.

Kuwaitis are predominantly Muslim, though there are a few Christians or atheists.

A global 2012 poll reports that 59 % of the world's population is religious, 23 % are not religious, and 13 % are atheists.

Other UU ministers, such as the Reverend David Miller, are atheists.

Although some members of the Serbian diaspora do not speak the Serbian language nor observe Christianity ( some Serbian citizens are Jews, Muslims, Protestants, Roman Catholics, Eastern Rite Catholics, or atheists ).

" He opined that it was offensive to the beliefs of Christians, Jews and atheists alike :" he play will ... be popular with everybody with the exception of three classes: It will probably prove offensive to Christians because they are likely to think of it as irreverent ; to the Hebrew it will seem mystical and exaggerated ; the non-church-goer will find it absurd and undramatic.

That some atheists, such as Schopenhauer and Nietzsche, were not included was due to the general ( Tridentine ) rule that heretical works ( i. e., works that contradict Catholic dogma ) are ipso facto forbidden.

Religious persecution may also affect atheists in that they may be denounced as being amoral or be persecuted by the religious on the grounds that they are godless.

He argues that belief in the afterlife and in a supreme being are reasonable conclusions given the evidence available, and that atheists have misrepresented the case for Christianity on many fronts.

The focus was no longer laid on death threats and burning churches, although most bands today still lie towards Satanism and are atheists.

Many skeptics are atheists or agnostics, and have a naturalistic world-view ; however, some committed skeptics of pseudoscience including Martin Gardner have expressed belief in a god.

Shelley made a number of claims in Necessity, including that one's beliefs are involuntary, and, therefore, that atheists do not choose to be so and should not be persecuted.

Members of the Communist Party are officially required to be atheists, but many party members privately violate this rule ,< ref >

Johnson describes the Wedge movement as devoted to a " program of questioning the materialistic basis of science " and reclaiming the " intellectual world " from the " atheists and agnostics " that Johnson believes are synonymous with this " scientific materialist culture ".

" If there are atheists and infidels in the Socialist Party, it is not the fault of Socialism.

The statement " There are no atheists in foxholes " is an aphorism used to argue that in times of extreme stress or fear, such as when participating in warfare, all people will believe in or hope for a higher power.

While primarily used to comment on the specific experiences faced by combat soldiers, the aphorism is often adapted to other perilous situations such as " there are no atheists in Probate Court ".

They paraphrased Harvard professor Jeffrey Frankel, who originally wrote in the Cato Journal a year earlier, " They say ' there are no atheists in foxholes.

This organization maintains a list of over 200 of its members who choose to publicly show their service and to show that there are atheists in foxholes, on ships, and in planes.

James Morrow has been quoted as saying "' There are no atheists in foxholes ' isn't an argument against atheism, it's an argument against foxholes.

* A skeptical analysis of the phrase “ There are no atheists in foxholes ”

However, Locke denies religious tolerance for Catholics, for political reasons, and also for atheists because ' Promises, covenants, and oaths, which are the bonds of human society, can have no hold upon an atheist '.

And this is why so many scientists a half a century ago were agnostics or atheists.

It goes to comment that in general, the reasons used by the atheists for denying the existence of God are based in the fact that " we ascribe to God affections that are human, or we attribute so much strength and wisdom to our minds " that we presume to understand that which God can and ought to do.

The most intriguing meaning of Bojinka gives Russian word " боженька " sometimes transcribed as " божинька ": this is a derogatory term used by so called ' militant atheists ' in Russia for " God ".

*" It is an interesting and demonstrable fact, that all children are atheists and were religion not inculcated into their minds, they would remain so.

Moreover, they defined limits to joint action: making it clear that, while they could overcome misgivings about sharing platforms with some groups ( such as socialists and atheists ), they could never do so with others ( Zionists and Israelis in particular ).

Some neo-orthodox proponents have gone so far as to claim greater affinity with atheists in that regard than with the theological and cultural trappings of so-called " Christendom ," which Kierkegaard venomously denounced in his later works.

But Headlam's radical politics and his defense of the right of atheists like Bradlaugh to serve in the House of Commons, so distressed conservative parishioners that Nihill was forced to let him go in December 1882.

The mention of God in the preamble of the Constitution ( and later on the Brazilian currency ) was opposed by most leftists as incompatible with freedom of religion because it does not recognise the rights of polytheists ( like the Amerindians ) or atheists, but it has not been removed so far.

If Catholics were to arrive at new truths about God, he argued, they would have to do so in conversation " on a footing of equality " with non-Catholics and atheists.

No tolerance should be shown for atheists, who were seen as amoral, or to Catholics, who were seen as owing allegiance to the Pope over their own national government.

According to Paul Kurtz, considered by some to be the founder of the American secular humanist movement, one of the differences between Marxist-Leninist atheists and humanists is the latter's commitment to " human freedom and democracy " while stating that the militant atheism of the Soviet Union consistently violated basic human rights.

The positive assertion of knowledge, either of the existence of gods or the absence of gods, can also be attributed to some theists and some atheists.

In his Will, Boyle provided money for a series of lectures to defend the Christian religion against those he considered " notorious infidels, namely atheists, deists, pagans, Jews and Muslims ", with the provision that controversies between Christians were not to be mentioned ( see Boyle Lectures ).

D ' Souza has debated several atheists and critics of Christianity at programs at various universities, including Peter Singer, Bart Ehrman, Christopher Hitchens, and David Silverman, on issues including whether there can be morality without God, how a benevolent God can allow suffering, the concept of religion in general, and whether Christianity is good for America, among others.

He would not have even atheists punished, though they should be expelled from the country, and he came forward as an earnest opponent of the prosecution of witches and of the use of torture.

He also contended that, as knowledge of God is required for morality by divine command theory, atheists and agnostics could not be moral ; he saw this as a weakness of the theory.

The journalist and noted atheist Christopher Hitchens likewise found it a " cringe-making proposal that atheists should conceitedly nominate themselves to be called ' brights.

He first complains of the illogical and unjust discrimination against the Christians and of the calumnies they suffer, and then meets the charge of atheism ( a major complaint directed at the Christians of the day was that by disbelieving in the Roman gods, they were showing themselves to be atheists ).

Thus the claim that " Most Americans are atheists " ( untrue in 2009 ) is not a category mistake, since most Americans could be ( contingently ) atheists.

There are many theists who agree that they do not know their belief to be true, and there are many atheists ( See: agnostic atheism ) who do not claim certainty that no deity exists.

" ( i. e. God ) thus atheists, agnostics, Buddhists, most Satanists, some Unitarian Universalists and New Age followers, who do not believe in a supreme being would be excluded from public office.

In this poll, 64 % reported to be Catholics, 17 % Pentecostal Protestants, 5 % non-Pentecostal Protestants, 3 % Kardecists or Spiritists, 3 % followers of other religions, 7 % non-religious or atheists.

This is not only the subject of a sociological discussion, but can also be an issue for atheists in America.

* " Detrimental effect on personal responsibility ": Many atheists, agnostics, and others believe that many religions, because they state that God will intervene to help individuals who are in trouble, cause people to be less responsible for themselves.

Many atheists, agnostics, and others also find the assertion that ' circumstances are overpowering because they are the will of God ' to be a negation of personal responsibility.

In The Trouble with Atheism, Liddle argued that atheists can be as dogmatic and intolerant as the adherents of religion.