The Aztec civilization shared this image of the jaguar as the representative of the ruler and as a warrior.

The later Aztec culture saw the Toltecs as their intellectual and cultural predecessors and described Toltec culture emanating from Tollan ( Nahuatl for Tula ) as the epitome of civilization, indeed in the Nahuatl language the word " Toltec " came to take on the meaning " artisan ".

* 1519 – Hernan Cortes arrives in Mexico in search of the Aztec civilization and their wealth.

Mica was known to ancient Indian, Egyptian, Greek and Roman and Chinese civilizations, as well as the Aztec civilization of the New World.

The first known states were created in Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, China, the Americas ( e. g. Aztec civilization, Inca civilization ) and others, but it is only in relatively modern times that states have almost completely displaced alternative " stateless " forms of political organization of societies all over the planet.

Tenochtitlan was the capital city of the Aztec civilization, consisting of the Mexica people, founded in 1325.

The state religion of the Aztec civilization awaited the fulfillment of an ancient prophecy: that the wandering tribes would find the destined site for a great city whose location would be signaled by an Eagle eating a snake while perched atop a cactus.

A thriving culture developed, and the Aztec civilization came to dominate other tribes all around Mexico.

* Aztec civilization migrates to Tenochtitlan in Mexico and begins to flourish.

* Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztec civilization, is founded.

* The Aztec civilization begins in Mexico.

The later Aztec culture saw the Toltecs as their intellectual and cultural predecessors and described Toltec culture emanating from Tōllān ( Nahuatl for Tula ) as the epitome of civilization, indeed in the Nahuatl language the word " Tōltēcatl " ( singular ) or " Tōltēcatl " ( plural ) came to take on the meaning " artisan ".

The close association of butterflies to fire and warfare persisted through to the Aztec civilization and evidence of similar jaguar-butterfly images has been found among the Zapotec, and Mayan civilizations.

Aztec mythology is the body or collection of myths of Aztec civilization of Central Mexico.

According to legend, when the Mexicans arrived in the Anahuac valley around Lake Texcoco, they were considered by the other groups as the least civilized of all, but the Mexican / Aztec decided to learn, and they took all they could from other people, especially from the ancient Toltec ( whom they seem to have partially confused with the more ancient civilization of Teotihuacan ).

In this meaning it is possible to talk about an Aztec civilization including all the particular cultural patterns common for most of the peoples inhabiting Central Mexico in the late postclassic period.

From the 13th century, the Valley of Mexico was the heart of Aztec civilization: here the capital of the Aztec Triple Alliance, the city of Tenochtitlan, was built upon raised islets in Lake Texcoco.

For the same reason the notion of " Aztec civilization " is best understood as a particular horizon of a general Mesoamerican civilization.

Pedro de Alvarado is a character in the opera La conquista ( 2005 ) by Italian composer Lorenzo Ferrero, which depicts the major episodes of the Spanish conquest of Mexico in 1521 and the subsequent destruction of the Aztec civilization.

* Princess Tlaca – Aztec princess who seeks to triumph over Supergirl and restore the prestige of her civilization.

This was criticised by academic archaeologist William H. Stiebing Jr., who noted that such myths only developed in the 12th to the 14th centuries CE, over a millennium after Velikovsky claimed that the events had occurred, and that the Aztec society itself had not even developed by the 7th century BCE.

Recently developed tree-ring evidence shows that the illness which reduced the population in Aztec Mexico was aided by a great drought in the 16th century, and which continued through the arrival of the Spanish conquest.

Aztec and neighboring people before the Spanish invasion had developed an endemic system of warfare too, and exactly the same thing was experienced by American countries when Americas were ransacked by Spanish and Portuguese sporadic-warfare Armies since the early 1500s, many native states were easily defeated.

Although some Pre-Columbian cultures developed writing during the centuries before the arrival of Europeans, on grounds of dating these are covered at Pre-Columbian art, and articles such as Maya art and Aztec art.

The ancient Aztec and Mayan civilizations developed nixtamalization using lime ( calcium hydroxide, not the citrus fruit of the same name ) and ash ( potassium hydroxide ) to create alkaline solutions.

Besides the Gregorian calendar, the Julian calendar, the Aztec calendar, and the Hindu calendar have cycles of years that are used to delineate whole time periods ; the Hindu calendar, in particular, summarizes its years into groups of 60, while the Aztec calendar considers groups of 52.

However, the Coes write that xicalli referred to the gourd out of which the beverage was consumed and that the use of a frothing stick ( known as a molinollo ) was a product of creolisation between the Spanish and Aztec ; the original frothing method used by the indigenous people was simply pouring the drink from a height into another vessel.

About 1458, Moctezuma led an expedition into Mixtec territory against the city-state of Coixtlahuaca, the pretext being the mistreatment of Aztec merchants.

Historian James Lockhart suggests that the people needed to have a scapegoat for the Aztec defeat, and Moctezuma naturally fell into that role.

In the codex's description of the first meeting between Moctezuma and Cortés, the Aztec ruler is described as giving a prepared speech in classical oratorial Nahuatl, a speech which as described verbatim in the codex ( written by Sahagún's Tlatelolcan informants who were probably not eyewitnesses of the meeting ) included such prostrate declarations of divine or near-divine admiration as, " You have graciously come on earth, you have graciously approached your water, your high place of Mexico, you have come down to your mat, your throne, which I have briefly kept for you, I who used to keep it for you ," and, " You have graciously arrived, you have known pain, you have known weariness, now come on earth, take your rest, enter into your palace, rest your limbs ; may our lords come on earth.

At the start, the levels were supposed to be designed in an Aztec style, but the choice was dropped some months into the project.

With increasingly bizarre action storylines coming into vogue Luke and Laura saved the world from being frozen, brought a mobster down by finding his black book in a Left-Handed Boy Statue, and helped a Princess find her Aztec Treasure in Mexico.

The tepoztopilli was a pole-arm, and to judge from depictions in various Aztec codices, it was roughly the height of a man, with a broad wooden head about twice the length of the users ' palm or shorter, edged with razor-sharp obsidian blades which were deeply set in grooves carved into the head, and cemented in place with bitumen or plant resin as an adhesive.

This causes Graulich and Gillespie to suggest that the general Aztec cyclical view of time, where events repeated themselves at the end and beginning of cycles or eras was being inscribed into the historical record by the Aztecs, making it futile to attempt to distinguish between a historical Topiltzin Ce Acatl and a Quetzalcoatl deity.

Other ethnic groups associated with the Aztec empire are the Acolhua and Tepanec ethnic groups and some of the ethnic groups that were incorporated into the empire, and the term is also sometimes used about them.

The Aztec economy can be divided into a political sector, under the control of nobles and kings, and a commercial sector that operated independently of the political sector.

In one version of the Aztec creation account the myth of the Five Suns, the first creation, " The Sun of the Earth " was ruled by Tezcatlipoca but destroyed by Quetzalcoatl when he struck down Tezcatlipoca who then transformed into a jaguar.

In the Aztec codices Mictlantecuhtli is often depicted with his skeletal jaw open to receive the stars that descend into him during the daytime.

She presided over the ancient festivals of the dead, which evolved from Aztec traditions into the modern Day of the Dead after synthesis with Spanish cultural traditions.

Salas used hand tools to first quarry, then work the native Mexican stone into precisely scaled, detailed replicas of art works and artifacts that are representative of the Aztec, Huastec, Maya, Mixtec, Olmec, Teotihuacan, Toltec, Totonac and Zapotec civilizations that preceded modern Mexican culture.

Cortés did live in Coyoacán in 1521 and 1522, while the destroyed Aztec city of Tenochtitlan was being rebuilt into Mexico City, and the area was the capital of the colony of New Spain.

The Spaniards intended to put themselves into the position held by the Aztec elite and rule their conquered territory in a substantially similar manner, though on a different religious basis.

Indian cooperation in the destruction of Aztec power ensured that Cortés would have to take allied interests into consideration as well.

Allying with the Tepanecs and Acolhua people of Texcoco they formed the Aztec empire spreading the political and linguistic influence of the Nahuas well into Central America.

When the Aztec nobility realized that their ruler had been turned into a Spanish puppet they attacked the Spaniards and chased them out of the city.

After the fall of Tenochtitlan Spanish forces now also allied with the Aztecs to incorporate all the previous Aztec provinces into the realm of New Spain.

Having enjoyed some success a number of indie acts were able to move into the mainstream, including early indie bands Aztec Camera, Orange Juice and The Smiths, followed by The Housemartins and James.

The Badianus Manuscript was an illustrated Aztec herbal translated into Latin in the 16th century.