A number of non-Greek etymologies have been suggested for the name, The form Apaliunas (< sup > d </ sup >) is attested as a god of Wilusa in a treaty between Alaksandu of Wilusa and the Hittite great king Muwatalli II ca 1280 BCE.

The type is represented by neo-Attic Imperial Roman copies of the late 1st or early 2nd century, modelled upon a supposed Greek bronze original made in the second quarter of the 5th century BCE, in a style similar to works of Polykleitos but more archaic.

The marble is a Hellenistic or Roman copy of a bronze original by the Greek sculptor Leochares, made between 350 and 325 BCE.

The Aramaic alphabet is adapted from the Phoenician alphabet and became distinctive from it by the 8th century BCE.

1st century BCE ), shows how the distance to the Sun can be computed geometrically, using the different lengths of the noontime shadows observed at three places 1000 li apart and the assumption that the Earth is flat.

After Andromeda's death, as Euripides had promised Athena at the end of his Andromeda, produced in 412 BCE, the goddess placed her among the constellations in the northern sky, near Perseus and Cassiopeia ; the constellation Andromeda, so known since antiquity, is named after her.

The oldest undisputed evidence of the use of astrology as an integrated system of knowledge is therefore attributed to the records of the first dynasty of Mesopotamia ( 1950 – 1651 BCE ).

Mail, sometimes called " chainmail ", made of interlocking iron rings is believed to have first appeared some time after 300 BCE.

The year 1 BC / BCE is numbered 0, the year 2 BC is numbered − 1, and in general the year n BC / BCE is numbered "−( n − 1 )" ( a negative number equal to 1 − n ).

The earliest reference to the idea of non-violence to animals ( pashu-ahimsa ), apparently in a moral sense, is in the Kapisthala Katha Samhita of the Yajurveda ( KapS 31. 11 ), which may have been written in about the 8th century BCE.

This is a euphemism replacing an earlier ' Inhospitable Sea ', Pontos Axeinos, first attested in Pindar ( early fifth century BCE ,~ 475 BC ).

The earliest parts of the book are possibly chapters 2 – 11, the story of the conquest ; more certain is that this section was then incorporated into an early form of Joshua that was part of then original Deuteronomistic history, written late in the reign of king Josiah ( reigned 640 – 609 BCE ); it seems clear that the book was not completed until after the fall of Jerusalem to the Babylonians in 586, and possibly not until after the return from the Babylonian exile late in the 6th century.

( The Deuteronomist author may have used the then-recent 701 BCE campaign of the Assyrian king Sennacherib in Judah as his model ; the hanging of the captured kings is in accordance with Assyrian practice of the 8th century ).

God's commission to Joshua in chapter 1 is framed as a royal installation, the people's pledge of loyalty to Joshua as successor Moses recalls royal practices, the covenant-renewal ceremony led by Joshua was the prerogative of the kings of Judah, and God's command to Joshua to meditate on the " book of the law " day and night parallels the description of Josiah in 2 Kings 23: 25 as a king uniquely concerned with the study of the law — not to mention their identical territorial goals ( Josiah died in 609 BCE while attempting to annex the former Israel to his own kingdom of Judah ).

The common view is that the court tales represent a stratum of older, traditional stories, while the visions and final redaction of the work date to the second century BCE.

Although the book has been historically classified as " prophetic ", the style of writing is apocalyptic which was popular between 200 BCE and 100 CE.

The adjectival use of symphonia meaning, " in unison ", is found in the Hymni Homerica, ad Mercurium 51 ; both instances date from the 6th century BCE.

The adjectival use of symphonia meaning, " in unison ", is found in the Hymni Homerica, ad Mercurium 51 ; both instances date from the 6th century BCE.

The first, termed Proto-Isaiah ( chapters 1 – 39 ), contains the words of the 8th-century BCE prophet with 7th-century BCE expansions ; the second, Deutero-Isaiah ( chapters 40 – 55 ), is the work of a 6th-century BCE author writing near the end of the Babylonian captivity ; and the third, the poetic Trito-Isaiah ( chapters 56 – 66 ), was composed in Jerusalem shortly after the return from exile, probably by multiple authors.

Nethuns is mentioned on the Piacenza liver, a third century BCE bronze model of a sheep's liver used for the divinatory rites called haruspicy, as Neθ, an abbreviation for his full name.

The prototype for this model can be found in Bolos of Mendes ' second century BCE work, Physika kai Mystika ( On Physical and Mystical Matters ).

Among the scripts in modern use, the Hebrew alphabet bears the closest relation to the Imperial Aramaic script of the 5th century BCE, with an identical letter inventory and, for the most part, nearly identical letter shapes.

Around 500 BCE, following the Achaemenid conquest of Mesopotamia under Darius I, Old Aramaic was adopted by the conquerors as the " vehicle for written communication between the different regions of the vast empire with its different peoples and languages.

For centuries after the fall of the Achaemenid Empire in 331 BCE, Imperial Aramaic — or near enough for it to be recognisable — would remain an influence on the various native Iranian languages.

The oldest indication for its use in Europe comes from the Stellmoor in the Ahrensburg valley north of Hamburg, Germany and dates from the late Paleolithic, about 10, 000 – 9000 BCE.

When the site was excavated by Soviet archaeologists during 1941-45, they realized that they had discovered a building absolutely unique for the area: a large ( 1500 square meters ) Chinese-style, likely Han Dynasty era ( 206 BCE – 220 CE ) palace.

The Chāndogya Upaniṣad, dated to the 8th or 7th century BCE, one of the oldest Upanishads, has the earliest evidence for the use of the word ahimsa in the sense familiar in Hinduism ( a code of conduct ).

The Dharmaśāstra law books written around the 5th or 4th century BCE contain regulations for meat eating and lists of edible animals.

The last events in Chronicles take place in the reign of Cyrus the Great, the Persian king who conquered Babylon in 539 BCE ; this sets an earliest possible date for the book.

Carolyn Pressler, in a recent commentary for the Westminster Bible Companion series, suggests that readers of Joshua should give priority to its theological message (" what passages teach about God ") and be aware of what these would have meant to audiences in the 7th and 6th centuries BCE.

It concludes a series of historical books running from Joshua through Judges and Samuel, the overall purpose which is to provide a theological explanation for the destruction of the Jewish kingdom by Babylon in 586 BCE and a foundation for a return from exile.

BCE may stand for:

Although much of Chinese philosophy begins in the Warring States period, elements of Chinese philosophy have existed for several thousand years ; some can be found in the Yi Jing ( the Book of Changes ), an ancient compendium of divination, which dates back to at least 672 BCE.

The earliest evidence for acupuncture in this sense dates to the second or first century BCE.

Unlike earlier texts like Recipes for Fifty-Two Ailments, which was excavated in the 1970s from a tomb that had been sealed in 168 BCE, the Inner Canon rejected the influence of spirits and the use of magic.

Among the reasons given by those who oppose the use of Common Era notation is that it is selective as other aspects of the Western calendar have origins in various belief systems ( e. g., January is named for Janus ), Style guides for academic texts on religion generally prefer BCE / CE to BC / AD.

* In Hebrew, the most common term used to refer to BCE / CE is simply לספירה ( according to the count ) for CE, and לפני הספירה ( before the count ) for BCE.

* In Spanish, EC ( Era Común ) is used for CE, while AEC ( antes de la Era Común ) is equivalent to BCE.

The prefix AD and the suffixes CE, BC or BCE ( Common Era, Before Christ or Before Common Era ) are dropped.

Due to the Gregorian calendar's obvious connotations of Western Christianity, non-Christians and even some Christians sometimes replace the traditional era notations " AD " and " BC " (" Anno Domini " and " Before Christ ") with " CE " and " BCE " (" Common Era " and " Before Common Era ").

Carbon 14 dating of a cave at Laang Spean in northwest Cambodia reveals people who made pots were living in Cambodia as early as 4200 BCE ( Before the Common Era ).

* In Arabic, بعد الميلاد ( After the Birth ) corresponds to CE, while قبل الميلاد ( Before the Birth ) corresponds to BCE.

The year before 1 AD or CE is designated 1 Before Christ ( BC ) or Before the Common Era ( BCE ), the year before that 2 BC / BCE, etc.

Before 157 BCE some kingdoms were ruled by non-relatives, granted to them in return for their services to Emperor Gaozu.

Before World War II, archaeologists sometimes applied the term " Minyans " differently, to indicate the very first wave of Proto-Greek speakers in the 2nd millennium BCE, among the early Bronze Age cultures sometimes identified with the beginning of Middle Helladic culture.

All BCE is Before Centauri Empire.

* Before Common Era ( BCE )

Before the end of the 1st century BCE a temple platform ( the acropolis ) was created along the western edge of the plateau.

The first recorded mention of Judaism in Greece dates from 300-250 Before Common Era ( BCE ) on the island of Rhodes.

Before the immigration of Sicilian potters in the second quarter of the 4th century BCE, when several workshops were established in Campania, only the Owl-Pillar Workshop of the second half of the 5th century is known.

Before leaving the Caspian region for Iran and Afghanistan in the 9th and 8th centuries BCE these people may have been living in the valleys of Cyrus and Cambyses in Armenia.

Before Wiseman's publication, E. R. Thiele had determined from the biblical texts that Nebuchadnezzar's initial capture of Jerusalem occurred in the spring of 597 BCE, while other scholars, including William F. Albright, more frequently dated the event to 598 BCE.

It is the modern Latin equivalent to the English term " BC " (" Before Christ ") and " BCE " (" Before Common Era ").

Before she can pursue this further, she is put in a Time Transfer box and sent Back Way Back, or in more usual terms, to about 150, 000 BCE.