The current capstone publication for the army is Army Doctrine Publication Operations alongside maritime and air-power equivalents and joint warfare publications all under the umbrella of BDD.

BDD is divided into two parts: " Defence Context " and " Military Doctrine ".

The BDD is linked to a variety of unclassified policy documents such as Defence White Papers and Strategic Defence Reviews, as well as classified Strategic Planning Guidance.

The current, 2011, edition of BDD is underpinned by recent developmental and conceptual publications such as The DCDC Global Strategic Trends Programme 2007-2036 and The High Level Operational Conceptual Framework, which comprises specific army, navy and air force publications.

Sertraline is used for a number of conditions including: major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder ( OCD ), Body dysmorphic disorder ( BDD ), posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ), premenstrual dysphoric disorder ( PMDD ), panic disorder and social phobia ( social anxiety disorder ).

In 1996, Dell Magazines was acquired from BDD by Crosstown Publications, and as of 2012 is part of Penny Publications which is under the same ownership as Crosstown Publications has been, with headquarters in Norwalk, Connecticut and uses a combined Customer Service labelled Penny Press / Dell Magazines.

Body dysmorphic disorder ( BDD, also body dysmorphia, dysmorphic syndrome ; originally dysmorphophobia ) is a type of mental illness, a

BDD is linked to a diminished quality of life, can be co-morbid with major depressive disorder and social phobia ( chronic social anxiety ); features a suicidal ideation rate of 80 percent, in extreme cases linked with dissociation, and thus can be considered a factor in the person's attempting suicide.

The defect exists in the eyes of the beholder, and one with BDD really does feel as if they see something there that is defective.

BDD is often misunderstood as a vanity-driven obsession, whereas it is quite the opposite ; people with BDD do not believe themselves to be better looking than others, but instead feel that their perceived " defect " is irrevocably ugly or not good enough.

Chronic low self-esteem is characteristic of those with BDD, because the assessment of self-value is so closely linked with the perception of one's appearance.

BDD is diagnosed equally in men and women and causes chronic social anxiety for its sufferers.

Suicidal ideation is also found in around 80 % of people with BDD.

It may be difficult to distinguish BDD from accurate ( and justifiably emotionally fraught ) self-perception by a perceptive individual who is actually physically disfigured in some way that would be acknowledged by others.

The use of the term " perceived defect " in the diagnostic definition does not distinguish between an accurately or inaccurately perceived defect, and this may lead to over-diagnosis, because BDD can only be a psychiatric disorder if in essence it is based on a misperception.

Often these symptoms and behaviors are determined by the nature of the BDD sufferer's perceived defect ; for example, use of cosmetics is most common in those with a perceived skin defect.

While it is unlikely that teasing causes BDD, likewise, extreme levels of childhood abuse, bullying and psychological torture are often rationalized and dismissed as " teasing ," sometimes leading to traumatic stress in vulnerable persons.

They are also used in the treatment of a number of other medical disorders, including anxiety disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder ( GAD ), social phobia ( SP ) also known as social anxiety disorder ( SAD ), obsessive-compulsive disorder ( OCD ), and panic disorder ( PD ), post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ), body dysmorphic disorder ( BDD ), eating disorders like anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, certain personality disorders such as borderline personality disorder ( BPD ), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ), as well as chronic pain, neuralgia or neuropathic pain, and fibromyalgia, headache, or migraine, smoking cessation, tourette syndrome, trichotillomania, irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ), interstitial cystitis ( IC ), nocturnal enuresis ( NE ), narcolepsy, insomnia, pathological crying and / or laughing, chronic hiccups, ciguatera poisoning, and as an adjunct in schizophrenia.

A German study has shown that 1 – 2 % of the population meet all the diagnostic criteria of BDD, with a larger percentage showing milder symptoms of the disorder.

New research indicates that around 76 % of people with BDD will experience major depressive disorder at some point in their lives, significantly higher than the 10 – 20 % expected in the general population.

Nearly 36 % of people with BDD will also present with agoraphobia and around 32 % are also affected by obsessive – compulsive disorder.

The most common disorders found in individuals with BDD are avoidant personality disorder, social phobia, social anxiety disorder, borderline personality disorder and dependent personality disorder, which conforms to the introverted, shy and neurotic traits usually found in BDD sufferers.

The resulting BDD is shown in the right figure.

* TV documentary by former BDD sufferer John Furse

The 2011 edition of British Defence Doctrine ( BDD ) states and explains the principles with the following preface: “ Principles of War guide commanders and their staffs in the planning and conduct of warfare.

While many with BDD seek cosmetic surgery, the procedures do not treat BDD, and can ultimately worsen the problem.

Often BDD co-occurs with emotional depression and anxiety, social withdrawal or social isolation.

BDD can be treated with either psychotherapy or psychiatric medication, or both ; moreover, cognitive behavioural therapy ( CBT ) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) are effective treatments.

The three most common areas of which those suffering from BDD will feel critical have to do with the face: the hair, the skin, and the nose.

People with BDD say that they wish that they could change or improve some aspect of their physical appearance even though they may generally be of normal or even highly attractive appearance.

People with BDD may compulsively look at themselves in the mirror or, conversely, cover up and avoid mirrors.

Phillips & Menard ( 2006 ) found the completed-suicide rate in patients with BDD to be 45 times higher than that of the general United States population.

There are many common symptoms and behaviors associated with BDD.

Common compulsive behaviors associated with BDD include:

* Comparing appearance / body parts with that / those of others, or obsessive viewing of favorite celebrities or models whom the person suffering from BDD wishes to resemble.

People with BDD often have more than one area of concern.

BDD usually develops in teenagers, a time when individuals are most concerned about the way they look to others.

Those with both OCD and dermatillomania report that they will pick their skin due to a perceived contamination of the skin, while those with both body dysmorphic disorder ( BDD ) and dermatillomania reportedly pick to fix perceived imperfections in the skin.

Many individuals with BDD also do not possess knowledge or insight into the disorder and so regard their problem as one of a physical rather than psychological nature ; therefore, individuals suffering from BDD may seek cosmetic treatment rather than mental health treatment.

The Army adopted BDD as their Military Doctrine.

BDD can often occur with obsessive – compulsive disorder ( OCD ), where the patient practices unmanageable habitual behaviors that may literally take over their life.

There is evidence that individuals with BDD have abnormal visual processing when viewing their own face, others ' faces, and inanimate objects.

Also, BDD is often associated with shame and secrecy ; therefore, patients often fail to reveal their appearance concerns for fear of appearing vain or superficial.