The Space Shuttle Backscatter Ultraviolet instruments in the payload bay also continued to take readings that will be used to help calibrate free-flying satellites that continually monitor the ozone content of Earth's atmosphere.

* Compton scattering, used in Backscatter X-ray imaging.

Backscatter is a term coined by Vern Paxson to describe Internet background noise resulting from a DDoS attack using multiple spoofed addresses.

Backscatter is a term coined by Vern Paxson to describe Internet background noise resulting from a DDoS attack using multiple spoofed addresses.

The Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Instrument, from the Goddard Space Flight Center, carried an ozone detector instrument identical to those on the satellites.

STS-34 Atlantis ( October 18 to October 23, 1989 ) was a 5-day mission during which the deployed the Galileo spacecraft, on its journey to explore Jupiter, operated the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Instrument ( SSBUV ) to map atmospheric ozone and performed numerous secondary experiments involving radiation measurements, polymer morphology, lightning research, microgravity effects on plants and a student experiment on ice crystal growth in space.

During the mission the crew successfully deployed the Galileo spacecraft, starting its journey to explore Jupiter, operated the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Instrument ( SSBUV ) to map atmospheric ozone, and performed numerous secondary experiments involving radiation measurements, polymer morphology, lightning research, microgravity effects on plants, and a student experiment on ice crystal growth in space.

Atmospheric instruments included the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy ( ATMOS ) experiment, the Millimeter Wave Atmospheric Sounder ( MAS ), and the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet / A ( SSBUV / A ) spectrometer ( on the cargo bay wall ).

Around the clock, experiments with the U. S. Microgravity Payload-2, the Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology-2, the Space Shuttle Backscatter Ultraviolet instrument and the Limited Candidate Duration Materials Exposure experiments all continue to operate, many of them being controlled by scientists on the ground.

Scientists working with the Space Shuttle Backscatter Ultraviolet instrument continued probing the layers of Earth's atmosphere and recorded data on tropospheric emissions from Mexican and Central American volcanoes ; sulfur dioxide from industrial by-products in the troposphere above China and Japan ; and observations in the mesophere above the Mexican volcano Colima.

Other payloads in Atlantis ’ s cargo bay included the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet ( SSBUV-7 ) payload and the Experiment on the Sun Complementing ATLAS ( ESCAPE-II ).

ATLAS-3 instruments, mounted on a Spacelab pallet in the cargo bay, included Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy ( ATMOS ), which collected more data on trace gases in the atmosphere than on all three of its previous flights combined ; Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Spectrometer ( SSBUV ), which took ozone measurements to calibrate ozone monitor on aging NOAA-9 satellite as well as cooperative measurements with other ATLAS-3 instruments ; Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor ( ACRIM ), which took extremely precise measurements of the sun's total radiation for 30 orbits as calibration reference for sister instrument on Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite ( UARS ) launched in 1991 ; Measurement of the Solar Constant ( SOLCON ), provided by Belgium, which also measured solar radiation but as reference point to track changes over years ; Solar Spectrum Measurement ( SOLSPEC ), French instrument, measured sun's radiation as function of wavelength ; and Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor ( SUSIM ), which collected its highest precision solar ultraviolet radiation measurements in its 15-year lifetime.

Other experiments onboard STS-72 included the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Experiment ( SSBUV-8 ) ( previously flown on STS-34, STS-41, STS-43, STS-45, STS-56, STS-62 and STS-66 ), EDFT-03, Shuttle Laser Altimeter Payload ( SLA-01 / GAS ( 5 )), VDA-2, National Institutes of Health NIH-R3 Experiment, Space Tissue Loss Experiment ( STL / NIH-C ), Pool Boiling Experiment ( PBE ) ( hardware previously flown on STS-47, STS-57 and STS-60 ) and the Thermal Energy Storage ( TES-2 ) experiment ( previously flown on STS-69 ).

During 66 orbits of the Earth, the five-man crew successfully deployed the Ulysses spacecraft, starting the interplanetary probe on its four-year journey, via Jupiter, to investigate the polar regions of the Sun ; operated the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet instrument ( SSBUV ) to map atmospheric ozone levels ; activated a controlled " fire in space " experiment ( the Solid Surface Combustion Experiment, or SSCE ); and conducted numerous other middeck experiments involving radiation measurements, polymer membrane production, and microgravity effects on plants.

During the mission crew members successfully deployed the Galileo spacecraft on its journey to explore Jupiter, operated the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Instrument ( SSBUV ) to map atmospheric ozone, and performed numerous secondary experiments involving radiation measurements, polymer morphology, lightning research, microgravity effects on plants, and a student experiment on ice crystal growth in space.

Backscatter technology is based on the X-ray compton scattering effect of X-rays, a form of ionizing radiation.

* Backscatter X-ray e. g., for security scanning passengers ( rather than baggage )

After a period of public input and environmental studies, in July 2005 the U. S. Air Force Air Combat Command published a " Final Environmental Assessment for Equipment Removal at Over-the-Horizon Backscatter Radar-West Coast Facilities ".

The center controlled the Over-The-Horizon Backscatter ( OTH-B ) radar system, whose transmitter was in Moscow, Maine, and receiver in coastal Columbia Falls.

* Formazin Backscatter Units ( FBU ), not part of a standard, is the unit of optical backscatter detectors ( OBS ), measured at c. 180 °, also a special case of FTU.

Besides the Galileo spacecraft, Atlantis payload bay held two canisters containing the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet ( SSBUV ) experiment.

Other payloads and experiments: Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet ( SSBUV ) experiment ; INTELSAT Solar Array Coupon ( ISAC ); Chromosome and Plant Cell Division Experiment ( CHROMEX ); Voice Command System ( VCS ); Solid Surface Combustion Experiment ( SSCE ), Investigations into Polymer Membrane Processing ( IPMP ); Physiological Systems Experiment ( PSE ); Radiation Monitoring Experiment III ( RME III ); Shuttle Student involvement Program ( SSIP ) and Air Force Maui Optical Site ( AMOS ) experiment.

Other payloads included Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet ( SSBUV ) experiment, one Get Away Special ( GAS ) experiment and six mid-deck experiments.

During the mission, the crew deployed the Galileo probe to explore Jupiter, operated the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Instrument ( SSBUV ) to map atmospheric ozone, conducted several medical experiments, and numerous scientific experiments.

Techniques include Energy Dispersive and Wave Length Dispersive X-ray technology and Electron Backscatter Diffraction.

* Backscatter X-ray ( in security scanning applications, e. g. at airports )

It could be seen that both artists used a very thick final coat of plaster, one half inch, and that both followed the traditional Italian fresco technique as described by Cennino Cennini in the 14th Century, and current in Italy to this day.

The fundamental technique is a partitioning of the total sum of squares SS into components related to the effects used in the model.

One technique used in factorial designs is to minimize

The technique of " triangulation ", which was inspired by sewing lessons he took from an embroideress, is still used today.

* Principal components analysis – a technique that can be used to simplify a dataset

* Finite element analysis – a computer simulation technique used in engineering analysis

Amplitude modulation ( AM ) is a technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting information via a radio carrier wave.

This vast panoramic view used ideas from other social sciences, employed effectively the technique of the longue durée, and downplayed the importance of specific events and individuals.

Multiple anagramming is a technique used to solve some kinds of cryptograms, such as a permutation cipher, a transposition cipher, and the Jefferson disk.

One technique used to reach very low temperatures ( thousandths and even millionths of a degree above absolute zero ) is adiabatic demagnetisation, where the change in magnetic field on a magnetic material is used to provide adiabatic cooling.

* Ajax ( programming ) ( Asynchronous JavaScript and XML ), a technique used in web application development

As an example among performance-art applications, the Alexander technique is used and taught by classically trained vocal coaches and musicians.

Because the technique has allegedly been used to improve breathing and stamina in general, advocates also claim that athletes, people with asthma, tuberculosis, and panic attacks have also found improvements.

The technique has been used by actors to reduce stage fright and to increase spontaneity.

The American philosopher and educator John Dewey became impressed with the Alexander technique after his headaches, neck pains, blurred vision, and stress symptoms largely improved during the time he used Alexander's advice to change his posture.

* ABCD matrix analysis, a type of ray tracing technique used in the design of some optical systems

As early American Indians lacked the proper pottery that could be used directly over a fire, they developed a technique which has caused many anthropologists to call them " Stone Boilers ".

In practice a technique called vestigial sideband is used to reduce the channel spacing, which would be at least twice the video bandwidth if pure AM was used.

In analytical chemistry the technique is used for determining the concentration of a particular element ( the analyte ) in a sample to be analyzed.

Atomic absorption spectrometry was first used as an analytical technique, and the underlying principles were established in the second half of the 19th century by Robert Wilhelm Bunsen and Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, both professors at the University of Heidelberg, Germany.

This technique is typically used for determinations in the mg L-1 range, and may be extended down to a few μg L-1 for some elements.

This is the oldest and still most commonly used technique, particularly for flame AAS.

The advantage of this technique is that only one radiation source is used ; among the disadvantages are that the high-current pulses reduce lamp lifetime, and that the technique can only be used for relatively volatile elements, as only those exhibit sufficient self-reversal to avoid dramatic loss of sensitivity.