The Baltic Sea, in ancient sources known as Mare Suebicum ( also known as Mare Germanicum ), is also known by the equivalents of " East Sea ", " West Sea ", or " Baltic Sea " in different languages:

* Baltic Sea is used in English ; in the Baltic languages Latvian ( Baltijas jūra ) and Lithuanian ( Baltijos jūra ); in Latin ( Mare Balticum ) and the Romance languages French ( Mer Baltique ), Italian ( Mar Baltico ), Portuguese ( Mar Báltico ), Romanian ( Marea Baltică ) and Spanish ( Mar Báltico ); in Greek ( Βαλτική Θάλασσα ); in Albanian ( Deti Balltik ); in the Slavic languages Polish ( Morze Bałtyckie or Bałtyk ), Czech ( Baltské moře or Balt ), Croatian ( Baltičko more ), Slovenian ( Baltsko morje ), Bulgarian ( Baltijsko More ( Балтийско море ), Kashubian ( Bôłt ), Macedonian ( Балтичко Море / Baltičko More ), Ukrainian ( Балтійське море (" Baltijs ' ke More "), Belarusian ( Балтыйскае мора (" Baltyjskaje Mora "), Russian ( Балтийское море (" Baltiyskoye Morye ") and Serbian ( Балтичко море / Baltičko more ); in the Hungarian language ( Balti-tenger ); and also in Basque ( Itsaso Baltikoa )

The Baltic languages are a subbranch of the Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family.

The group is usually divided into two sub-groups: Western Baltic, containing only extinct languages, and Eastern Baltic, containing both extinct and the two living languages in the group: Lithuanian ( including both Standard Lithuanian and Samogitian ) and Latvian ( including both literary Latvian and Latgalian ).

The now-extinct Old Prussian language has been considered the most archaic of the Baltic languages.

The Baltic languages are generally thought to form a single family with two branches, Eastern and Western.

Distribution of the Baltic languages in the Baltic ( simplified ).

Speakers of modern Baltic languages are generally concentrated within the borders of Lithuania and Latvia, and in emigrant communities in the United States, Canada, Australia and states of the former Soviet Union.

Historical expansion of the usage of Slavic languages in the South and East, and Germanic languages in the West reduced the geographic distribution of Baltic languages to a fraction of the area which they had formerly covered.

It is also believed that Baltic languages are among the most archaic of the remaining Indo-European languages, despite their late attestation.

Besides those mentioned, other large bodies of water adjacent to the Atlantic are the Caribbean Sea ; the Gulf of Mexico ; Hudson Bay ; the Arctic Ocean ; the Mediterranean Sea ; the North Sea ; the Baltic Sea and the Celtic Sea.

A mosquito and a fly in this Baltic amber necklace are between 40 and 60 million years old

In a secret addition to the pact, the Baltic states, Finland, Romania, and Poland are divided between the two nations.

As the Eudoses are the Jutes, these names probably refer to localities in Jutland or on the Baltic coast, in which case their inhabitants would be Cimbri or Teutones for Pliny.

They are the grey seal ( Halichoerus grypus ) and the Baltic ringed seal ( Pusa hispida botnica ) that both feed underneath and breed on the ice.

An important source of salty water are infrequent inflows of North Sea water into the Baltic.

Key evidence of Baltic language presence in these regions is found in hydronyms ( names of bodies of water ) in the regions that are characteristically Baltic.

The Baltic languages are of particular interest to linguists because they retain many archaic features, which are believed to have been present in the early stages of the Proto-Indo-European language.

There is a minority of scholars who argue that Baltic forms a separate branch of Indo-European, or that it is not a genetic node in either Indo-European family or Balto-Slavic, but that Eastern and Western Baltic are separate branches of Balto-Slavic.

It culminated in the so-called brick Gothic, a reduced style of Gothic architecture that flourished in Northern Europe, especially in the regions around the Baltic Sea which are without natural rock resources.

The Balts or Baltic peoples are an Indo-European ethnic-linguistic group who speak the Baltic languages, a branch of the Indo-European language family, which was originally spoken by tribes living in area east of Jutland peninsula in the west and Moscow, Oka and Volga rivers basins in the east.

Among the Baltic peoples are modern Lithuanians, Latvians ( including Latgalians ) — all Eastern Balts — as well as the Prussians, Yotvingians and Galindians — the Western Balts — whose languages and cultures are now extinct.

:" Birka is the main Geatish town ( oppidum Gothorum ), situated in the middle of Sweden ( Suevoniae ), not far ( non longe ) from the temple called Uppsala ( Ubsola ) which the Swedes ( Sueones ) held in the highest esteem when it comes to the worship of the gods ; here forms an inlet of the Baltic or the Barbaric Sea a port facing north which welcomes all the wild peoples all around this sea but which is risky for those who are careless or ignorant of such places ... they have therefore blocked this inlet of the troubled sea with hidden masses of rocks along more than 100 stadions ( 18 km ).

There are few direct testimonies to the language of the Cimbri: Referring to the Northern Ocean ( the Baltic or the North Sea ), Pliny the Elder states: " Philemon says that it is called Morimarusa, i. e. the Dead Sea, by the Cimbri, until the promontory of Rubea, and after that Cronium.

Kashubian is assumed to have evolved from the language spoken by some tribes of Pomeranians called Kashubians, in the region of Pomerania, on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea between the Vistula and Oder rivers.

Old Prussian ( Prussian: Prūsiskan or Prūsiskai Bilā ) is an extinct Baltic language, once spoken by the Old Prussians, the indigenous peoples of Prussia ( not to be confused with the later and much larger German state of the same name ), now north-eastern Poland and the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia.

Baltic Old Prussian probably ceased to be spoken around the beginning of the 18th century due to many of its remaining speakers dying in the famines and bubonic plague epidemics harrowing the East Prussian countryside and towns from 1709 until 1711.

The regional dialect of Low German spoken in Prussia ( or East Prussia ), Low Prussian, preserved a number of Baltic Prussian words, such as kurp, from the Old Prussian kurpi, for shoe ( in contrast to the standard German Schuh ).

# The Kashubian language, spoken in the Pomorze region west of Gdańsk on the Baltic Sea, has seemed like a dialect to some observers.

The Curonian language (; ; ), or Old Curonian, is a nearly unattested, extinct language spoken by the Curonians, a Baltic tribe who inhabited the Courland peninsula ( now western Latvia ) and the nearby Baltic shore.

Besides Karelian and Finnish, the Finnic subgroup also includes Estonian and other minority languages spoken around the Baltic Sea.

An extreme view, presented by some scholars, is that Dacian was the main language spoken between the Baltic sea and the Black and Aegean seas.

Middle Low German was the lingua franca of the Hanseatic League, spoken all around the North Sea and the Baltic Sea.

Before 1945 the dialect was spoken along the entire German Baltic Coast, from Mecklenburg, through Pomerania, West Prussia into certain villages of the East Prussian Memel-Klaipėda Region.

Baltendeutsch is a High German variety influenced by East Low German formerly spoken by Germans in the Baltic states.

Selonian was a Baltic language spoken by the Eastern Baltic tribe of the Selonians, who until the 15th century lived in Selonia, a territory in South Eastern Latvia and North Eastern Lithuania.

Historically, Low German was also spoken in formerly German parts of Poland as well as in East Prussia and the Baltic States of Estonia and Latvia.

Middle Low German was the lingua franca of the Hanseatic League, spoken all around the North Sea and the Baltic Sea.

In a narrow sense, Russification is used to indicate the influence of the Russian language on Slavic, Baltic and other languages, spoken in areas currently or formerly controlled by Russia, which led to the emerging of russianisms, trasianka and surzhyk.

Onomastic evidence shows that Baltic languages were once spoken in much wider territory than the one they cover today, all the way to Moscow, and were later replaced by Slavic.

Old Gutnish was the dialect of Old Norse that was spoken on the Baltic island of Gotland.

Historically the variants of Welsh and English Romani, constituted the same variant of Romani, share characteristics and are historically closely related to dialects spoken in France, Germany ( Sinti ), Scandinavia, Spain, Poland, North Russia and the Baltic states.

The Finnic ( Fennic ) or Baltic Finnic ( Balto-Fennic ) languages are a branch of the Uralic language family spoken around the Baltic Sea by about 7 million people.