In 1970 Roland Barthes published S / Z, a detailed analysis of Balzac's story Sarrasine and a key work in structuralist literary criticism.

* 1831: Balzac's short story L ' Élixir de longue vie ( The Elixir of Life )

He introduces this notion in the epigraph to the essay, taken from Honoré de Balzac's story Sarrasine in which a male protagonist mistakes a castrato for a woman and falls in love with him.

* The Cat " a story for music ", 1979, in Restoration, London, Methuen, 1982, from Honoré de Balzac's Peines d ' amour d ' une chatte anglaise, music by H. W.

Steven Ungar compares Nausea with French novels of different periods, such as Madame de La Fayette's La Princesse de Clèves ( 1678 ), Honoré de Balzac's Le Père Goriot ( 1835 ), André Malraux's La Condition humaine ( 1933 ), and Annie Ernaux's Une femme ( 1988 ), all of which have scenes with men and women faced with choices and " provide literary expressions to concerns with personal identity that vary over time more in detail than in essence.

In Honoré de Balzac's novel Letters of Two Brides, two women who became friends during their education at a convent correspond over a 17 year period, exchanging letters describing their lives.

Exercises and examples for students were based on rendering literature such as Honoré de Balzac's Le Père Goriot.

For example, Balzac's friend Hyacinthe de Latouche had knowledge of hanging wallpaper.

* Honoré de Balzac's works: text, concordances and frequency lists

Still, Garbo signed a contract in 1948 for $ 200, 000 with producer Walter Wanger, who had produced Queen Christina, to shoot a picture based on Balzac's La Duchesse de Langeais.

Betty was inspired to become an actress after seeing Rudolph Valentino in The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse ( 1921 ) and Mary Pickford in Little Lord Fauntleroy ( 1921 ), and changed the spelling of her name to " Bette " after Honoré de Balzac's La Cousine Bette.

* In Honore de Balzac's novel " Pere Goriot ", it is stated by Vautrin that Eugène de Rastignac's family is living off of chestnuts ; symbolism that is used to represent how impoverished Eugene's family is.

However, as Gary Rosenshield points out, " Raskolnikov succumbs not to the temptations of high society as Honoré de Balzac's Rastignac or Stendhal's Julien Sorel, but to those of rationalistic Petersburg ".

Guez de Balzac's fame rests chiefly upon the Lettres, a second collection of which appeared in 1636.

He was an active journalist, showing in philosophy and literature the influence of Victor Cousin, and is said to have furnished to no small extent the original of Honoré de Balzac's character, Henri de Marsay.

Oliver Goldsmith's novel The Vicar of Wakefield ( 1766 ) and the Barsetshire novels of Anthony Trollope, and in France Honoré de Balzac's The Curate of Tours ( Le Curé de Tours ) ( 1832 ) all evoke the impoverished world of the 18th-and 19th-century vicar.

In Honoré de Balzac's 1830 novel Gobseck, the title character, who is a usurer, is described as both " petty and great — a miser and a philosopher ..."

At the turn of the century, Saintsbury edited and introduced an English edition of Honoré de Balzac's novel series La Comédie humaine, translated by Ellen Marriage and published in 1895-8 by J. M. Dent.

French philosopher and novelist Honoré de Balzac's fictional work " Louis Lambert " suggests he may have had some astral or out-of-body experience.

Poe may have also seen similar themes in Honoré de Balzac's " Le Grande Bretêche " ( Democratic Review, November 1843 ) or his friend George Lippard's The Quaker City ; or The Monks of Monk Hall ( 1845 ).

* Balzac's 1834 alchemical novel " La Recherche de l ' Absolu " has been published in English both as " The Quest of the Absolute " and " The Alkahest ".

The character Eugène de Rastignac had appeared as an old man in Balzac's earlier philosophical fantasy novel La Peau de chagrin.

* Béatrix de Rochefide, the protagonist of Balzac's novel Béatrix.

* Balthazar Claes, the main character of Honore de Balzac's The Quest of the Absolute in the series La Comédie humaine

Among his last completed works were the illustrations for Balzac's Droll Stories ( 1961 ) and for his own poem The Rhyme Of The Flying Bomb ( 1962 ), which he had written some 15 years earlier.

* Wesele Pana Balzaka ( Mr. Balzac's Wedding ), The World Premiere: Warsaw, Teatr Kameralny 1959

Although Balzac's La Vieille Fille ( The Old Maid ), 1836, was the first such work published in France, the roman-feuilleton gained prominence thanks mostly to his friends Eugène Sue and Alexandre Dumas, père.

* Literature: Nikolaus Lenau's Don Juan, Lord Byron (' My native land, good night ', ' Maid of Athens ', ' There was a sound of revelry ', Childe Harold's Pilgrimage ), Virgil-Ovid, Honoré de Balzac's A Distinguished Provincial at Paris, Samuel Taylor Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, Hugh Reginald Haweis, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., Walter Scott's Waverley Novels, Washington Irving, Thomas Paine's The Age of Reason, Robert Burns, William Cullen Bryant's Thanatopsis, William Shakespeare's Hamlet, and Jules Verne.

Other opera librettos include La rose de Terone ( 1840 ), Si j ' étais roi ( 1852 ), Le muletier de Tolède ( 1854 ) ( on which Michael Balfe's The Rose of Castille ( 1857 ) was based ), and À Clichy ( 1854 ) by Adolphe Adam, Massenet's early Don César de Bazan ( 1872 ) and Hervé's La nuit aux soufflets ( 1884 ) He prepared for the stage Balzac's posthumous comedy Mercadet ou le faiseur, presented at the Théâtre du Gymnase Marie Bell in 1851.

Beevers has worked extensively at the Orange Tree Theatre in Richmond upon Thames, both as an actor ( including the title role in Jules Romain's Doctor Knock, 1994 ); and as an adaptor / director of George Eliot's novel Adam Bede ( February 1990 ), for which he won a Time Out Award, and Balzac's Père Goriot ( February 1994 ).

8vo ), the French translation of Hoffman's tales ( 1843, 8 vo ), the first collective edition of Balzac's works ( Paris, Houssiaux, 1850, 20 vols.

As depicted in his works, Balzac's spiritual philosophy suggests that individuals have a limited quantity of spiritual energy and that this energy is dissipated through creative or intellectual work or through physical activity ( including sex ), and this is made emblematic in his philosophical tale La Peau de chagrin, in which a magical wild ass's skin confers on its owner unlimited powers, but shrinks each time it is used in science.

Many of the novels in this period, including Balzac's, were published in newspapers in serial form, and the immensely popular realist " roman feuilleton " tended to specialize in portraying the hidden side of urban life ( crime, police spies, criminal slang ), as in the novels of Eugène Sue.

Some critics consider Balzac's writing exemplary of naturalism – a more pessimistic and analytical form of realism, which seeks to explain human behavior as intrinsically linked with the environment.

Representations of the city, countryside, and building interiors are essential to Balzac's realism, often serving to paint a naturalistic backdrop before which the characters ' lives follow a particular course ; this gave him a reputation as an early naturalist.

This influence shows in Flaubert's work L ' education sentimentale, which owes a debt to Balzac's Illusions Perdues.

Balzac's vision of a society in which class, money and personal ambition are the major players has been endorsed by critics of both left-wing and right-wing political tendencies.

Another suggests that this effort was " almost the last straw which broke down Balzac's gigantic strength ".

Some critics note that La Cousine Bette showed an evolution in Balzac's style – one which he had little time to develop.

Like Raphael de Valentin in Balzac's 1831 novel La Peau de chagrin, Hulot is left with nothing but " vouloir ": desire, a force which is both essential for human existence and eventually apocalyptic.

In Europe, he translated Balzac's Contes drôlatiques, which was published in 1874 by Chatto and Windus ; but it was considered too racy and was withdrawn, only to be reissued in 1903.

Issoudun figures prominently in Balzac's novel A Bachelor's Establishment ( aka The Black Sheep ) which the Guardian has ranked as the 12th greatest novel of all time.

The Tipos trashumantes belongs to the year 1877, as does El Buey suelto, which was intended as a reply to the thesis of Balzac's work, Les Petites misères de la vie conjugale.

Balzac's later works are decidedly influenced by the popular " roman feuilleton " ( especially in the works of Eugène Sue which concentrate on depicting the secret worlds of crime and vice that hide below the surface of French society ) and by the melodrama.