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Bayezid II's overriding concern was the quarrel with his brother Cem, who claimed the throne and sought military backing from the Mamluks in Egypt.
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Bayezid and II's
Rebellions in the east, such as that of the Qizilbash, plagued much of Bayezid II's reign and were often backed by the Shah of Persia, Ismail, who was eager to promote Shi ' ism to undermine the authority of the Ottoman state.
Ottoman authority in Anatolia was indeed seriously threatened during this period, and at one point Bayezid II's grand vizier, Ali Pasha, was killed in battle against rebels.
During Bayezid II's reign, his son, Prince Selim was the sancakbeyi of Trabzon, and his son Suleiman I of the Ottoman Empire was born in Trabzon in 1495.
Bayezid and was
Ordered by Sultan Bayezid I, the mosque was designed and built by architect Ali Neccar in 1396 – 1400.
Bayezid I ( Ottoman: بايزيد اول, Turkish: Beyazıt, nicknamed Yıldırım ( Ottoman: ییلدیرم ), " the Thunderbolt "; 1354 – March 8, 1403 ) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1389 to 1402.
Bayezid ascended to the throne following the death of his father Murad I, who was killed by Serbian knight Miloš Obilić during ( June 15 ), or immediately after ( June 16 ), the Battle of Kosovo in 1389, by which Serbia became a vassal of the Ottoman Empire.
In 1400, the Central Asian warlord Timur had succeeded in rousing the local Turkic beyliks that had been vassals of the Ottomans to join him in his attack on Bayezid, who was considered one of the most powerful rulers in the Muslim world during that period.
In the fateful Battle of Ankara, on 20 July 1402, Bayezid was captured by Timur and the Ottoman army was overpowered.
Many writers claim that Bayezid was mistreated by the Timurids.
However, writers and historians from Timur's own court reported that Bayezid was treated well, and that Timur even mourned his death.
Bayezid II was born in Dimetoka Palace ( now Didymoteicho ) in Thrace as the son of Mehmed II ( 1432 – 81 ) and Valide Sultan Mükrime Hatun, the daughter of Süleyman Bey, the sixth ruler of Dulkadirids, who died in 1492.
Bayezid II married Ayşe Hatun, a convert of Greek ethnicity, who was the mother of Selim I.
Like his father, Bayezid II was a patron of western and eastern culture and unlike many other Sultans, worked hard to ensure a smooth running of domestic politics, which earned him the epithet of " the Just ".
His older son Bayezid, who was in charge of the left wing of the Ottoman forces, took charge after that.
His other son, Yakub Bey, who was in charge of the other wing, was called to the Sultan's command center tent by Bayezid, but when Yakub Bey arrived he was strangled, leaving Bayezid as the sole claimant to the throne.
He was one of the sons of Bayezid I and Devlet Hatun.
In 1398 and 1399, Boniface IX appealed to Christian Europe in favor of the Byzantine emperor Manuel II Palaeologus, threatened at Constantinople by Sultan Bayezid I, but there was little enthusiasm for a new crusade at such a time.
Although John V had been restored, Manuel was forced to go as an honorary hostage to the court of the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I at Prousa ( Bursa ).
Bayezid and with
Bayezid recognized Stefan Lazarević, the son of Lazar, as the new Serbian leader ( later despot ), with considerable autonomy.
The last of these wars ended in 1501 with Bayezid II in control of the whole Peloponnese.
With the aid of his father's army, Selim defeated Bayezid in Konya in 1559, leading the latter to seek refuge with the Safavids along with his four sons.
Black Sheep ruler Qara Yusuf and Jalayirid Sultan Ahmad flee and take refuge with the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I.
* September 17 – John VII Palaiologos seeks refuge with the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I after John V Palaiologos is restored by his son, Manuel, and the Republic of Venice.
* June 3 – Sultan Bayezid I of the Ottoman Empire beheads Emperor Ivan Shishman of Ottoman-occupied eastern Bulgaria after Shishman is accused of collaborating with the Wallachians during the 1394 Battle of Karanovasa.
Beginning in the reign of Bayezid II ( d. 1512 ), transfers were used to manage the Ottoman state's difficulty with the heterodox kizilbas movement in eastern Anatolia.
Although relations with John VII improved, Sultan Bayezid I besieged Constantinople from 1394 to 1402.
In 1399, French King Charles VI sent Marshal Boucicaut with 6 ships carrying 1, 200 men from Aigues-Mortes to Constantinople, later 300 men under Seigneur Jean de Chateaumorand remained to defend the city against Bayezid.
As the sons of Bayezid I struggled with each other over the succession in the Ottoman Interregnum, John VII was able to secure the return of the European coast of the Sea of Marmara and of Thessalonica to the Byzantine Empire.
Murad headed the Ottoman army, with his sons Bayezid on his right and Yakub on his left.
The Ottoman Sultan Bayezid II was engaged in Europe when a new area of hostility with Egypt appeared in 1501.
In 1547, during Suleiman's Elkas Campaign, the Sultan met with his sons Selim, Bayezid and Mustafa in different places and talked with them about the political situation.
Another notable building is the Trakya University's Bayezid II Külliye Health Museum, an important monument with its complex construction comprising many facilities used in those times.
The Ottoman army, both thirsty and tired, was defeated, though Bayezid managed to escape to the nearby mountains with a few hundred horsemen.
Understanding the danger of the situation, former grand vizier Ishak Pasha took the initiative of beseeching Bayezid to arrive with all due haste.
Rumelihisarı is situated at the narrowest point with 660 meters of the Bosphorus strait, just opposite of Anadoluhisarı ( Anatolian Castle ) on the Anatolian side, which is another Ottoman fortress that was built between 1393 and 1394 by Sultan Bayezid I.
Lazar's young and weak successor Stefan Lazarevic ( 1389 – 1427 ) concluded a vassal agreement with Bayezid in 1390 to counter Hungarian moves into northern Serbia, while Vuk Brankovic, the last independent Serb prince, held out until 1392.
Having dealt harshly and effectively with his disloyal Bulgarian vassals, Bayezid then turned his attention south to Thessaly and the Morea, whose Greek lords had accepted Ottoman vassalage in the 1380s.
When the Moreans later reneged on their Serres agreement with Bayezid, the angered Ottoman ruler blockaded the Morean despot's imperial brother Manuel II in Constantinople and then marched southward and annexed Thessaly.
Following Nikopol, Bayezid contented himself with raiding Hungary, Wallachia, and Bosnia.
Soon thereafter Bayezid was called back to Anatolia to deal with continuing problems with the Ottomans ’ Turkish rivals and never returned to the Balkans.
Bayezid and brother
Murad's son, Bayezid, was informed of the sultan's death before his older brother Yakub.
Whatever the Constantinople relic was, it did fall into the hands of the Turks, and in 1492, under circumstances minutely described in Pastor's History of the Popes, the Sultan Bayezid II sent it to Pope Innocent VIII to encourage the pope to continue to keep his brother and rival Zizim ( Cem Sultan ) prisoner.
In 1467 sultan Kait Bey offended the Ottoman sultan Bayezid II, whose brother was poisoned.
Another brother of Mustafa, Şehzade Bayezid, was sent to Konya for his Sanjak assignment.
One of them was Lala Mustafa who instigated the Sultan's third son, Bayezid, then Beylerbey of Karaman, to raise a rebellion against his brother Selim, who was to inherit the Imperial throne.
Sultan Bayezid sent his army under the command of vizier Ayas Pasha to kill his brother.
Both Koshkadam and Mehmet II supported different candidates to the principality of Karaman ; then in 1467 sultan Kait Bey offended the Ottoman sultan Bayezid II, whose brother was poisoned while being entertained by Kait.
In 1482, Prince Cem Sultan, son of sultan Mehmed II and brother of sultan Bayezid II, sought refuge in the castle, after a failure in raising a revolt against his brother.
Although a civil war broke out between Bayezid I sons ', during 1402 – 1413, none of the Christian noblemen in the Balkans at the time seized the opportunity to repel the Ottomans ; in the contrary, Serbs and Hungarians even helped the future Sultan Mohammed I seize power, by participating as his allies in the final battle against his brother.
D ' Aubusson accepted an annuity of 45, 000 ducats from Bayezid II, in return for which he undertook to guard Cem in such a way as to prevent him from appealing to the Christian powers to aid him against his brother.
* Cem Sultan of Turkey, in self-exile after losing the battle for succession with his brother Bayezid.
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