[permalink] [id link]
Because an electron beam only penetrates to a limited depth before being absorbed, typically up to 5 cm for electron energies in the range 5 – 20 MeV, electron therapy is useful for treating skin lesions such as basal cell carcinomas.
from
Wikipedia
Some Related Sentences
Because and electron
Because there are a lot of such electron pairs in a superconductor, these pairs overlap very strongly and form a highly collective condensate.
Because the electron carries negative charge, the electron motion in a metal conductor is in the direction opposite to that of conventional ( or electric ) current.
Because dyes get their color from the interaction of electrons in their molecules, the way the electrons can move is determined by the charge and extent of electron delocalization in other ink ingredients.
Because the ions have masses comparable to those of the target atoms, they knock the target atoms out of place more than electron beams do.
Because of the much smaller wavelength of the electron beam, resolution is far higher.
Because of the low first ionization energy ( 418. 8 kJ / mol ) the potassium atom easily loses an electron and oxidizes into the monopositive cation, K < sup >+</ sup >.
Because of its conductive properties and relative chemical inertness, tungsten is also used in electrodes, and in the emitter tips in electron-beam instruments that use field emission guns, such as electron microscopes.
Because both may be specified more or less arbitrarily, the wave function cannot maintain its former role of determining the probability density of finding the electron in a given state of motion.
Because the electron has such a tiny charge, however, shot noise is of relative insignificance in many ( but not all ) cases of electrical conduction.
Because the mass-energy and momentum of a system must both be conserved, it is not generally possible for the electron simply to move in the direction of the incident photon.
Because the biased tip configuration is floating, the positive probe can draw at most an electron current only equal in magnitude and opposite in polarity to the ion saturation current drawn by the negative probe, given by:
Because the energy of an X-ray with particular wavelength is known, the electron binding energy of each of the emitted electrons can be determined by using an equation that is based on the work of Ernest Rutherford ( 1914 ):
Because all ATP-generating steps in fermentation involve modifications of metabolic intermediates instead of the use of an electron transport chain fermentation is often referred to as substrate-level phosphorylation.
Because the electron was not identified as a separate physical particle until the 1897 work of J. J. Thomson, the word " electron " was not used when discussing experiments that took place before this date.
Because of the possibility of electron emissions from highly charged surfaces, the voltages used in the accelerator have an upper limit, so this can't be as simple as just increasing voltage to match increased mass.
Because the oxygen contains most of the electron density of the C = O bond, the electrons can interact with the hydrogen of the OH group.
Because A < sub > r </ sub > has a mathematical definition, it does not necessarily correspond to the area from which emission is observed to occur from a single-point emitter in a field electron ( emission ) microscope.
Because the electrons from different molecules start " fleeing " and avoiding each other, electron density in a molecule becomes redistributed in proximity to another molecule, ( see quantum mechanical theory of dispersion forces ).
Because of the gas fill, thyratrons can handle much greater currents than similar hard vacuum valves / tubes since in the ionized gas electron multiplication occurs ( each electron leaving the cathode may generate 4 more electrons ) by collisions of electrons with gas atoms.
Because and beam
Because the divergence is inversely proportional to the spot size, a Gaussian beam that is focused to a small spot spreads out rapidly as it propagates away from that spot.
Because of the very small fusion reaction probability ( the fusion cross section is ~ 0. 3 – 0. 6 pb = ( 3 – 6 )× 10 < sup >− 41 </ sup > m < sup > 2 </ sup >) the experiment took 4 months and involved a beam dose of 4 × 10 < sup > 19 </ sup > calcium ions that had to be shot at the californium target to produce the first recorded event believed to be the synthesis of ununoctium.
Because of the higher mass of protons relative to electrons, there is less lateral deflection of the beam ; this is important for proton beam writing applications.
Because the depth of the pits is approximately one-quarter to one-sixth of the laser's wavelength, the reflected beam's phase is shifted in relation to the incoming reading beam, causing mutual destructive interference and reducing the reflected beam's intensity.
Because the torsion beam acts in the lateral plane, not vertically, the twist beam axle cannot provide ride height adjustment, and it suffers, to some extent, similar car handling limitations as other beam axle suspensions.
Because of the amplification, the intensity of the electron beam can be decreased by several orders of magnitude and the damage to the samples is diminished.
: Because the kindness of a single human is more powerful than the meanness of a thousand ; the evil extinguishes together with the one who provoked it ; the good continues to beam after the disappearance of the just.
Because of the non-uniform power density distribution in a Gaussian beam ( as found in laser resonators ) the refractive index changes across the beam profile ; the refractive index experienced by the beam is greater in the center of the beam than at the edge.
Because of the high energy of the proton beam, these beamlines use magnetic rather than electrostatic focusing and steering elements.
Because the beam of protons is so concentrated and deposits its energy so predictably, we can successfully destroy a tumour while better preserving the other nearby parts of the eye.
Because the laser beam is deflected by astronomical seeing on the way up, the returning laser light does not randomly move around in the sky as astronomical sources do.
Because of the low count rates involved in neutron scattering experiments, relatively long periods of beam time ( on the order of days ) are usually required to get good data.
Because it is designed for use by single-seat aircraft, it has a novel automatic lock-on feature, which keeps the laser focused on the target without further operator intervention ( using an inertial guidance system, it can generally keep the laser on target even if the beam is temporarily interrupted by clouds ).
Because beta would have only the enriched product of alpha as feed, it would process proportionately less material ; its beam therefore did not need to be as broad, nor its dimensions as large, as alpha's.
Because the IR-laser component in the beams of these visible lasers is difficult to filter out, and also because filtering it contributes extra heat which is difficult to dissipate in a small pocket " laser pointer " package, it is often left as a beam component in cheaper high-power pointers.
Because of the reflective and refractive qualities of the smoke created by fog machines, they are often used in nightclubs and other entertainment venues to enhance the effects of lighting and laser arrangements, although they are being superseded by haze machines ( see also light beam ).
Because diamond is transparent to the wavelength of the laser beam, a coating of amorphous carbon or other energy-absorbent substance is applied to the surface of the diamond to initiate the drilling process.
Because and only
Because of this, only those with truly fine equipment will be able to appreciate the exact degree of the engineers' triumph.
Because Christianity teaches not only salvation in history, but salvation by the history of Christ, such an interpretation of death would require a drastic revision of the Christian understanding of the work of Christ.
Because the urn itself is so delicate, it has been allowed to travel to Australia only twice.
Because of the first proposition, God himself is thought as invisible and only recognizable in his creation.
In fact, Fitzmyer believes that the preface of Luke should only be “ the starting point in the discussion of the aim of Luke-Acts .” Because the author ’ s intended purpose for the Book of Acts is not that straightforward, scholars have put forth four main claims to address this.
Because it is a Sacred Mystery of the Church, only Orthodox Christians may receive it.
Because the English language has 40 sounds and only 26 letters, children and beginning readers also need to learn the different sounds ( phonemes ) associated with each letter.
Because the differences between the prices are likely to be small ( and not to last very long ), this can be done profitably only with computers examining a large number of prices and automatically exercising a trade when the prices are far enough out of balance.
Because grocery stores are not permitted to carry wine or liquor, the older law essentially meant that only beer and alcoholic malt beverages could be purchased at all on Sundays.
Because of this, the United States Air Force XB-70 Valkyrie program was cancelled in the early 1960s ; the later B-1B Lancer and B-2 Spirit aircraft entered service only after protracted political and development problems.
Because Justice John Paul Stevens had recused himself, only eight Justices heard the case, and it ended in a 4 – 4 tie.
Because the FLRW metric assumes a uniform distribution of mass and energy, it applies to our Universe only on large scales — local concentrations of matter such as our galaxy are gravitationally bound and as such do not experience the large-scale expansion of space.
Because a black hole eventually achieves a stable state with only three parameters, there is no way to avoid losing information about the initial conditions: the gravitational and electric fields of a black hole give very little information about what went in.
Because the fossil record of chordates is poor, only molecular phylogenetics offers a reasonable prospect of dating their emergence.
Because society needs people to do computing well, we must think of computing not only as a profession but also as a discipline.
Because Berlin was located within the Soviet-occupied zone of Germany and the other occupying powers had previously relied on Soviet good will for access to Berlin, the only available methods of supplying the city were three limited air corridors.
Because the de facto administration is recognized only by Turkey, it has had much difficulty arranging foreign financing, and foreign firms have hesitated to invest there.
Because of the specific transport mechanisms, only limited amounts of chromium ( III ) enter the cells.
Because the volatility of a comet's material decreases as it gets further from the Sun, the comet becomes increasingly difficult to observe as a function of not only distance, but the progressive shrinking and eventual disappearance of its tail and the reflective elements it carries.
Because the earthworms grind and uniformly mix minerals in simple forms, plants need only minimal effort to obtain them.
Because each governor held equal imperium to the equivalent magistrate, they were escorted by the same number of lictors ( 12 ) and could only be vetoed by a reigning Consul or Praetor.
Because they lack this key defence, only 0. 5 % of cane toads are estimated to reach adulthood.
Because of the switch to Portland cement, by the end of the 1920s of the 15 Rosendale cement companies, only one had survived.
Because of that the vehicle with the bridge on board is only 11. 6 m long, but the over all span length is 20 m. This is an increase of about 62 % over that of the older MTU-1.
Because only a fraction of the cells in a tumor die with each treatment ( fractional kill ), repeated doses must be administered to continue to reduce the size of the tumor.
2.405 seconds.