Because parts of the core closer to the fiber axis have a higher refractive index than the parts near the cladding, light rays follow sinusoidal paths down the fiber.

Because the index of refraction is included, the NA of a pencil of rays is an invariant as a pencil of rays passes from one material to another through a flat surface.

Because fiber optic materials are already highly optimized for low scattering and high transparency alternative ways to change the refractive index were investigated.

Because the typographer used a dial, rather than keys, to select each character, it was called an " index typewriter " rather than a " keyboard typewriter.

Irving claimed on the basis of what he called the index books that, " Because the experts can look at a tattoo and say ' Oh yes, 181, 219 that means you entered Auschwitz in March 1943 " and he warned Auschwitz survivors " If you want to go and have a tattoo put on your arm, as a lot of them do, I am afraid to say, and claim subsequently that you were in Auschwitz, you have to make sure a ) that it fits in with the month you said you went to Auschwitz and b ) it is not a number which anyone used before ".

Because the composition of a target index is a known quantity, it costs less to run an index fund.

Because of the Kramers – Kronig relations, the wavelength dependence of the real part of the refractive index is related to the material absorption, described by the imaginary part of the refractive index ( also called the extinction coefficient ).

Because MEP amplitude is correlated with motor excitability, they offer a quantitative way to test the role of various types of intervention on the motor system ( pharmacological, behavioral, lesion ...) TMS-induced MEPs may thus serve as a index of covert motor preparation or facilitation, e. g., induced by the mirror neuron system when seeing someone's else actions.

This bending happens because each layer of the ionosphere has a refractive index that varies from that of the others. Because of the differing heights of refraction, or apparent reflection, the radio waves hit the earth surface at different points hence generating the skip distance.

Because the change in refractive index between cornea and aqueous humor is relatively small compared to the change at the air – cornea interface, it has a negligible refractive effect, typically-6 diopters.

Because the set of possible output values of a quantizer is countable, any quantizer can be decomposed into two distinct stages, which can be referred to as the classification stage ( or forward quantization stage ) and the reconstruction stage ( or inverse quantization stage ), where the classification stage maps the input value to an integer quantization index and the reconstruction stage maps the index to the reconstruction value that is the output approximation of the input value.

Because the index files were so small, they minimized the amount of extra data that had to be downloaded from Usenet to verify that the data files were all present and undamaged, or to determine how many parity volumes were required to repair any damage or reconstruct any missing files.

Because these income inequality metrics are summary statistics that seek to aggregate an entire distribution of incomes into a single index, the information on the measured inequality is reduced.

Because of the non-uniform power density distribution in a Gaussian beam ( as found in laser resonators ) the refractive index changes across the beam profile ; the refractive index experienced by the beam is greater in the center of the beam than at the edge.

Because it uses B-trees to index table objects, HDF5 works well for time series data such as stock price series, network monitoring data, and 3D meteorological data.

Because of the huge amount of information available on the web, crawlers might take days, weeks or months to complete review and index all the pages they find.

Because of the numerical limitation it was often necessary to go through a series of index pages in order to reach the desired page.

Because the index was meant to measure clarity of expression within sentences, it assumed people saw each clause as a complete thought.

Because the refractive index at the surface is the same as that of the surrounding medium, no reflection occurs at the surface.

Because the tarnish has a refractive index between those of glass and air, each of these interfaces exhibits less reflection than the air-glass interface did.

Because administration of the forest highway system is a responsibility of the Secretary of Commerce with maintenance provided by the States and counties, this Development Program for the National Forests does not include estimates of the funds needed to maintain the forest highway system nor to construct the additions to it that are needed.

Because of the large amounts of funds that move through the Reserve Banks every day, the System has policies and procedures to limit the risk to the Reserve Banks from a depository institution's failure to make or settle its payments.

Because hedge funds are not sold to the public or retail investors, the funds and their managers have historically not been subject to the same restrictions that govern other funds and investment fund managers with regard to how the fund may be structured and how strategies and techniques are employed.

Because investments in hedge funds can add diversification to investment portfolios, investors may use them as a tool to reduce their overall portfolio risk exposures.

Because of these regulatory restrictions on ownership, hedge funds have been exempted from mandatory registration with the US Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC ) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, which is generally intended to regulate investment funds sold to retail investors.

Because Sections 3 ( c ) 1 and 3 ( c ) 7 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 prohibit hedge funds from making public offerings, funds must sell their securities in accordance with the private offering rules under the Securities Act of 1933.

Because hedge funds do not have publicly traded securities, they are not subject to all of the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Because of severe budget constraints, most of the funds for NEAP operations come from international sources, including official institutions such as the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank and numerous international nongovernmental organizations.

Because the party caucus leaders in California's legislature also control the party's legislative campaign funds, the leaders wield tremendous power over their caucus members.

Because Binet did not have any formalized graduate study in psychology, he did not hold a professorship with a prestigious institution where students and funds would be sure to perpetuate his work ( Siegler, 1992 ).

Because funds were extremely limited every effort was made to use already available equipment.

Because all of the employees covered by that mandate were " in a substantial if informal sense, ' working for the city ,' " Boston was considered to be simply favoring its own residents through the expenditures of municipal funds.

Because private equity firms are continuously in the process of raising, investing and distributing their private equity funds, capital raised can often be the easiest to measure.

Because one certain family may find very few opportunities for sufficient housing or find themselves without adequate funds for a house of their own, they may be forced to live in crowded conditions.

Because all funds must compute an expense ratio using the same methodology, it allows investors to compare costs across funds.

Because he could not fully trust all of his troops, and some of the better troops had recently been reassigned to others, cavalry were placed in towns along the route, citing as a pretext the expected delivery of treasury funds going to Paris.

Because a fund may run out of capital prior to the end of its life, larger venture capital firms usually have several overlapping funds at the same time ; doing so lets the larger firm keep specialists in all stages of the development of firms almost constantly engaged.

The source the money appeared to be South America .” Donlon went on to say “ Because of its size, we thought it appropriate to ask if the funds belonged to the Holy See .” When contacted for an answer, Dr Alibrandi “ quickly answered ‘ no ’ and that they belonged to ‘ family ’.

Because Bright's speeches were so much a part of him, there are long and numerous quotations, which, far from making the biography diffuse, help to give us the feel of the man.

Because God is what He is, the laws of the universe, material and spiritual, are what they are.

Because, honey, I thought silently, there are plenty of desert islands in every marriage -- long periods when you're hopelessly stranded, together.

Because they are `` minority '' exercises and have but a limited appeal they soon find themselves in the limbo of the forgotten.

Because of this, it would appear inevitable that an increasing percentage of strategic missiles will seek self-protection in mobility -- at least until missile defenses are perfected which have an exceedingly high kill probability.

( Note: Because of light leakage from one ultraviolet source to another, the lights are switched by a commutator-like assembly rotated by a synchronous motor.

Because of their location, on the edge of the feed lot, fence-line bunks are not in the way of mechanical manure removal.

Because agricultural activities are seasonal and the areas of production and harvest of many foods are widely scattered geographically, and because of the high cost of transporting bulk food items any substantial distance to a central processing location, the use of large central processing stations, where low-cost radiation facilities approaching the megawatt range might be utilized, is inherently impracticable.

Because electrical forces ( the charge-excess ) are far more powerful than gravitation, the surface hydrogen atoms would shoot away from the sphere.

Because the levels themselves are random variables, some assumptions and the method of contrasting the treatments ( a multi-variable generalization of simple differences ) differ from the fixed-effects model.

Because constitutional claims are of great magnitude, appellate courts might be more lenient to review the claim even if it was not preserved.

Because of the ocean's great capacity to store and release heat, maritime climates are more moderate and have less extreme seasonal variations than inland climates.

Because of its simplicity, star hopping is a very common method for finding objects that are close to naked-eye stars.

Because CCD imagers are linear, image processing may be used to subtract away the effects of light pollution, which has increased the popularity of astrophotography in urban areas.

Because all clades are represented in the southern hemisphere but many not in the northern hemisphere, it is natural to conjecture that there is a common southern origin to them.

Because of their biological significance, amino acids are important in nutrition and are commonly used in nutritional supplements, fertilizers, and food technology.

Because of their relatively large mass, + 2 electric charge and relatively low velocity, alpha particles are very likely to interact with other atoms and lose their energy, so their forward motion is effectively stopped within a few centimeters of air.

Because of the tortuous terrain in places, villages and towns in the mountains — to which travel via motorized vehicles are of little use — are still located in the high Andes of Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador.

Because Ambrosius and Vortigern are shown in the Historia Brittonum as being in conflict, some historians have suspected that this preserves a historical core of the existence of two parties in opposition to one another, one headed by Ambrosius and the other by Vortigern.

Because of its elevation and distance from the coast, the Australian Capital Territory experiences four distinct seasons, unlike many other Australian cities whose climates are moderated by the sea.