Before the end of the year, Charles Martel had escaped from prison and been acclaimed mayor by the nobles of that kingdom.

Before the speech, US delegations met with Canadian Prime Minister John Diefenbaker, British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan, West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, and French President Charles de Gaulle to brief them on the US intelligence and their proposed response.

In addition to conflicts between his Spanish and German inheritances, conflicts of religion would be another source of tension during the reign of Charles V. Before Charles even began his reign in the Holy Roman Empire, in 1517, Martin Luther initiated what would later be known as the Reformation.

Before the arrival in Italy of his candidate Charles, Urban IV died at Perugia on 2 October 1264.

These slings were apparently very powerful ; in 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus, historian Charles C. Mann quoted a conquistador, who said that an Incan sling " could break a sword in two pieces " and " kill a horse.

* Charles Musser, Before the Nickelodeon: Edwin S Porter and the Edison Manufacturing Company ( University of California Press, USA, 1991 )

Before reaching Versailles, she also met her future brothers-in-law, Louis Stanislas Xavier, comte de Provence ; and Charles Philippe, comte d ' Artois, who came to play important roles during and after her life.

Before Pepin's death, emperor Louis had appointed a new king in 832, his son Charles the Bald, while the Aquitanian lords elected king Pepin II.

Before his accession to the throne, Edward was the longest-serving heir apparent in British history, until surpassed by his great-great-grandson Charles, Prince of Wales, on 22 April 2011.

Before the marriage of Lady Diana Spencer to her grandson Prince Charles, and after Diana's death, Queen Elizabeth – known for her personal and public charm – was by far the most popular member of the royal family.

Before the end of the war, architect Charles Holden drew up plans to redevelop the city centre, but locals were so opposed that the Citizens ' Defence Association was formed and swept to power in the 1945 municipal elections.

Before the powers could respond to the founding of the Roman Republic, Charles Albert, whose army had been trained by the exiled Polish general Albert Chrzanowski, renewed the war with Austria.

Before 1881, when Charles Daniel Dance wrote his Chapters From a Guianese Log-book, he noticed, The children all talked a Dutch patois besides the Arawak Indian tongue ; and with a Dutch teacher to instruct them, it is not difficult to conceive the manner in which they read their English lessons.

Before he returned in 1249, he helped arrange the marriage another of his nieces, Beatrice of Provence, the sister of Queen Eleanor, to Charles of Anjou, the brother of King Louis IX of France.

Before the battle King Charles II contracted the Worcester Clothiers to outfit his army with uniforms but was unable to pay the £ 453. 3s bill.

Before long, the only remaining allies of the Habsburg pretender, Archduke Charles, were his supporters in Catalonia and Balearic Islands.

Before long there were anti-English riots in the city and Charles, with Etienne Marcel, was forced by the mob to lead them against the marauding garrisons to the north and west of the city – against his own men.

Before, Charles XII had forced Denmark-Norway to sign the Treaty of Travendal.

Before Charles Sturt's naming of the town, the surrounding area was referred to by the local Aboriginal population as the " Leaping Crest ".

Before his accession, he ruled the Austrian hereditary lands of the Habsburgs in the name of his elder brother, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.

Before Napoleon could concentrate his Corps, Charles attacked Davout's isolated Corps at Teugen-Hausen but the dogged French Marshal repulsed the attackers.

Before leaving London he had wagered Charles James Fox ten pounds that he would return victorious within a year.

Before the advent of valve ( vacuum tube ) technology, early radio enthusiasts used noisy spark-gap transmitters, such as the first spark-gap modulation technology pioneered by the first real audio ( rather than telegraph code ) radio broadcaster, Charles D. Herrold, in San Jose, California, or the infamous Ruhmkorff coil used by almost all early experimenters.

Before her death in 1804 the couple had six children ; Anne Lucinda Lee ( 1790 – 1845 ), Infant Son Lee ( 1791-1791 ), Richard Henry Lee ( Feb 1793-Mar 1793 ), Charles Henry Lee ( b. Oct 1794 ), William Arthur Lee ( b. Sept 1796 ), Alfred Lee ( 1799 – 1865 ).

Before they could guess his intention Rankin stepped forward and swung the guard's own gun against the uncovered head, hard.

Before memory, too, clouds over, let us make a note or two of what could be seen.

Before he could duck, another stone struck him.

Before he left the apartment he knocked on their door and asked if there was anything he could do for them.

Before the Juniors entered the ring the Steward announced that after all Juniors had moved their dogs around the ring and set them up, they could relax with their dogs.

Before Roberts could move inside to cut upward toward his face, he slammed his right fist into Roberts' belly.

Before he could snap it on, a stinging blow caught him in the ribs.

Before he could return to Burma, Field Marshal Slim had to rally the defeated remnants of a discouraged army and unite them with fresh recruits.

Before he could pass the river with safety, however, it was necessary to subdue certain fortresses, one of which was for several days vigorously defended by the governor, Yussuf el-Harezmi, a Khwarezmian.

Before the passage of the lex annalis, individuals could run for the Aedileship by the time they turned twenty-seven.

Before the demolition could take place, Admiral Sir Hugh Sinclair ( Director of Naval Intelligence and head of MI6 ) bought the site.

Before 1873, England had two parallel court systems: courts of " law " that could only award money damages and recognized only the legal owner of property, and courts of " equity " ( courts of chancery ) that could issue injunctive relief ( that is, a court order to a party to do something, give something to someone, or stop doing something ) and recognized trusts of property.

Before Stalin's consolidation of power, the Central Committee featured open debate, where even leading officials could be criticised.

Before a systematic excavation of the site could be undertaken, the village had to be relocated but the residents resisted.

Before the vote to award franchises in 1959, Murchison revealed to Marshall that he owned the song and Marshall could not play it during games.

Before many copies of the book could be printed, however, the printing press and most of the printed copies were destroyed by a mob in Missouri.

Before the advent of fast computing machines, solving a dynamical system required sophisticated mathematical techniques and could be accomplished only for a small class of dynamical systems.

Before the invention of the integrated circuit in 1959, electronic circuits were constructed from discrete components that could be manipulated by humans.

Before the question could be answered, the notion of " algorithm " had to be formally defined.

Before a new Grand Alliance could be concluded Leopold I prepared to send an expedition to seize the Spanish lands in Italy.

Before a lord could grant land ( a fief ) to someone, he had to make that person a vassal.

Before, geologists could only use fossils to date sections of rock relative to one another.

Before a new employee could rise to the level of mastery, he had to go through a schooling period during which he was first called an apprentice.

Before the assembled cardinals and delegations could engage in theological discussion, they had to decide how to sit during the proceedings.