Before 1871, in the area where a single state of Germany now exists, different kingdoms and prinicipalities existed.

Before the abolition of the Italian monarchy in 1946, it was the residence of the king of Italy, and before 1871 it was, as originally, a residence of the Pope.

Before writing A Dictionary of Modern English Usage, Henry Fowler and his younger brother, Francis George Fowler ( 1871 – 1918 ), wrote and revised The King's English ( 1906 ), a grammar and usage guide later superseded by this book in the 1930s.

Before moving to Oakland in 1871, it was located on West I Street, just north of First Street.

Before 1871 ended, three houses had been erected in the new settlement and plans for others had been made.

Before it was merged with Saitama Prefecture in 1873, it was the capital of Kawagoe Prefecture ( 1871 ) then Iruma Prefecture ( 1871 – 1873 ).

Before her death in 1871, she bore Remond four children: Amy Matilda ( 1859 – 72 ), Charles Lenox, Jr. ( 1860 – 82 ), Wendell Phillips ( 1863 – 66 ), and Albert Ernest ( 1866 – 1903 ).

Before 1871, when the whole British Army switched to using the current rank of " lieutenant ", the Royal Artillery, Royal Engineers and Fusilier regiments used " first lieutenant " and " second lieutenant ".

Before 1871 United States had previously recognized the Indian Tribes as semi-independent.

Before his death on November 26, 1871, aged 74, Ryken was present at the first general chapter of his institute in Bruges in 1869.

Before 1871 United States had recognized the Indian Tribes as semi-independent.

Before 1871, the rupia was subdivided into 750 bazarucos, 600 réis ( singular: real ), 20 pardaus or 10 tangas, with the xerafim worth 2 rupias.

* Before the formation of the German Empire in 1871, Germany was indeed divided into a large number of smaller duchies and kingdoms, as detailed at the end of the story.

Some Louisiana urban environments have a multicultural, multilingual heritage, being so strongly influenced by an admixture of 18th century French, Spanish, Native American ( Indian ) and African cultures that they are considered to be somewhat exceptional in the U. S. Before the American influx and statehood at the beginning of the 19th century, the territory of current Louisiana State had been a Spanish and French colony.

Before 1947, most military officers of the newly formed Pakistan Armed Forces had served in the British Indian Army and fought in both World Wars and the numerous Anglo-Afghan Wars.

Before co-operatives, the farmers sold their produce to Indian traders at poor prices.

Before his emigration in autumn 1934, Adorno began work on a Singspiel based on Mark Twain's The Adventures of Tom Sawyer entitled The Treasure of Indian Joe, which he would, however, never complete ; by the time he fled Hitler's Germany Adorno had already written over a hundred opera or concert reviews and an additional fifty critiques of music composition.

Before returning to Bhutan from Switzerland, Jigme Dorji met with the Indian Secretary General and Foreign Secretary in Calcutta who offered Indian support, including paratroopers if necessary, to help the Druk Gyalpo restore order in the kingdom.

" Before allotment, reservation territory was not owned in the usual western sense, but was reserved for the benefit of entire Indian tribes, with its benefits apportioned to tribe members according to tribal law and custom.

Before this, US Indian agents had counseled Pawnee chiefs to suppress the practice, as they warned of how it would upset the American settlers, who were arriving in ever greater number.

Before his term as President, he worked as an aerospace engineer with Defence Research and Development Organisation ( DRDO ) and Indian Space Research Organisation ( ISRO ).

Before 1881, when Charles Daniel Dance wrote his Chapters From a Guianese Log-book, he noticed, The children all talked a Dutch patois besides the Arawak Indian tongue ; and with a Dutch teacher to instruct them, it is not difficult to conceive the manner in which they read their English lessons.

Before the Tertiary, when the sea level was much lower than at present, the Swan River curved around to the north of Rottnest Island, and disgorged itself into the Indian Ocean slightly to the north and west of Rottnest.

Before Oklahoma's admission as a state, the county was the entire small portion of Indian Territory allocated to the Seminoles.

Before 1889, the Kansas Southern Railway ( later the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway ) had built a line from the Kansas-Oklahoma border to Purcell in Indian Territory.

Before the treaty of 1854, the area now known as Shawnee County was inhabited by Shawnee, Kansas, and Pottowatomie Indian tribes.

Before white settlement, all of the land that forms modern-day Starke County and adjacent LaPorte County to the north belonged to the Potawatami Indian nation.

Before white settlement, all of the land that forms modern-day LaPorte County, and adjacent Starke County to the south belonged to the Potawatomi Indian nation.

Before the arrival of European-American settlers during the 1830s, the northeastern portion of the future Blackford County was briefly the site of an Indian reservation for Chief Francois Godfroy of the Miami tribe.

Before the opening of the mall, the Indian Mall was the primary shopping destination in northeast Arkansas.

Before Archibald Yell, the settlement was called Shawneetown for the Indian villages located here.

Before the New Haven vicinity was settled, it was inhabited by multiple Indian cultures.

Before the southwest corner of Gage County was home to Odell, it was part of the 10-by-25 mile Otoe Indian Reservation.

* Before the settlers were driven from their homes, they were given a timely and friendly warning by an Indian named Tunis and returned to the Hudson Valley.

Before Pieter Stuyvesant surrendered Nieuw Amsterdam to the English the Fondas, instead of settling in Manhattan, canoed up the Hudson River to the Indian village of Caughnawaga.

Before the French and Indian War, there was a French block house and trading post near Clyde.

Domenici has been an avid proponent of nuclear power and has published two books on the subject: " A Brighter Tomorrow: Fulfilling the Promise of Nuclear Energy " ( Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2004 ), which he wrote ; and " Advanced Nuclear Technologies — Hearing Before the Committee on Appropriations, U. S. Senate " ( Collingdale, Pennsylvania: D I A N E Publishing Company, 1999 ), which he edited.

*" Advanced Nuclear Technologies — Hearing Before the Committee on Appropriations, U. S. Senate " ( Collingdale, Pennsylvania: D I A N E Publishing Company, 1999 ), which he edited.

Before leaving for the Senate, Kirk had been named to the Appropriations Committee.

Before being appointed to the Intelligence Committee, Chandler served on the Appropriations Committee.

Before the Draft Act was passed Baker had confidentially briefed governors, sheriffs, and prospective draft board members on the administration of the measure -- and the confidence was kept so well that only one newspaper learned what was going on.

Before the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act was passed in the wake of the September 11 attacks, the FBI director would directly brief the President of the United States on any issues that arise from within the FBI.

Before the Act was passed, on February 8, 1914 The New York Times published an article entitled " Negro Cocaine ' Fiends ' Are New Southern Menace: Murder and Insanity Increasing Among Lower-Class Blacks " by Edward Huntington Williams which reported that Southern sheriffs had increased the caliber of their weapons from. 32 to. 38 to bring down Negroes under the effect of cocaine.

Before the Dodd-Frank Act made registration mandatory for hedge fund advisers with more than US $ 150 million in assets under management, hedge funds were primarily regulated through their managers or advisers, under the anti-fraud provisions of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.

Before Corea completed a draft of the Nicaragua proposal, Congress was considering the Spooner Act, to authorize the Panama Canal.

Before the Telecommunications Act of 1993, the parastatal, could dictate its own terms, but after 1993, Telia was told to negotiate with companies seeking interconnection.

Before the All-Channel Receiver Act of 1962 required US television receivers to be able to tune the entire VHF and UHF range ( which in North America was NTSC-M channels 2 through 83 on 54 to 890 MHz ), a set-top box known as a UHF converter would be installed at the receiver to shift a portion of the UHF-TV spectrum onto low-VHF channels for viewing.

Before the members of both houses returned home on 30 March, they were required to swear an oath accepting the Act of Succession, and all the King's subjects were now required to swear to the legitimacy of the marriage and, by implication, to acceptance of the King's new powers and the break from Rome.

Before the Nuclear Regulatory Commission ( NRC ) was created, nuclear regulation was the responsibility of the AEC, which Congress first established in the Atomic Energy Act of 1946.

Before the Act was implemented he theorized that after a multitude of bankruptcies and mergers there would only be two or three major carriers and a very small number of medium and local service airlines.

Before the Communications Act of 1934 was enacted as law by the U. S. Congress, there was a debate over commercial versus non-commercial broadcasting: Senators Robert Wagner of New York and Henry Hatfield of West Virginia offered an amendment to the then proposed Communications Act.

Before the signing ceremony of the Sarbanes – Oxley Act, President George W. Bush met with Senator Paul Sarbanes, U. S. Secretary of Labor | Secretary of Labor Elaine Chao and other dignitaries in the Blue Room ( White House ) | Blue Room at the White House on July 30, 2002

Before the passing of the Homosexual Law Reform Act in 1986, the Salvation Army was active throughout the country gathering signatures for a petition seeking to prevent the bill's passing.

Before the unification of the Supreme Court under the Judicature Act 1873, solicitors practised in the Chancery Courts, attorneys practised in the Common law courts and proctors practised in the Ecclesiastical courts.

Before 1754, when Lord Hardwicke's Act came into force, it was possible for eloping couples to be married clandestinely by an ordained clergyman ( a favourite location was the Fleet Prison, a debtors ' prison in London, in which clergymen willing to celebrate irregular marriages might be found ).

Before he became leader of the Conservative Party, Disraeli had announced that, as a result of the Reform Act of 1867 which had enfranchised the male working class, the party needed to pursue social reforms if it was to have electoral success.

Before it was abolished in 1975 by the Local Government ( Scotland ) Act 1973, the county contained six burghs.

Before troops could be raised, the Militia Act of 1792 required a justice of the United States Supreme Court to certify that law enforcement was beyond the control of local authorities.

Before opening night, the third and fourth yeomen's couplets in the Act I finale – in which they remind " Leonard " of his brave deeds – were cut, though they remained in the vocal score until around the 1920s.

Before the Act, the scheme had been known as the Calder Navigation or Upper Calder Navigation, and this was the first use of the Calder and Hebble title.

Before the passing of an Enclosure Act 1817, the freemen of York, who were occupiers of houses within a division or ward of the city, called Monk Ward, were, together with certain other persons, entitled to common of pasture and right of stray or average, and had immemorially used and enjoyed the same, in and over a parcel of ground called Heworth Moor, of which G. A. Thweng, lord of the manor of Heworth, was then seised in fee ; another piece of land, called Heworth Grange, of which the king was then seised in fee ; and certain closes and other parcels of ground, called Hall Fields, of which E. Prest and others were then seised in fee.

Before the Evarts Act, the cases that could reach the Supreme Court were heard as a matter of right, meaning that the Court was required to issue a decision in each of those cases.