Before insurance was established in the late 17th century, " friendly societies " existed in England, in which people donated amounts of money to a general sum that could be used for emergencies.

Before the late 19th century, the word " Lesbian " referred to any derivative or aspect of Lesbos, including a type of wine.

Before the cold war began in the late 1940s, Foot favoured a ' third way ' foreign policy for Europe ( he was joint author with Richard Crossman and Ian Mikardo of the pamphlet Keep Left in 1947 ), but in the wake of the communist seizure of power in Hungary and Czechoslovakia he and Tribune took a strongly anti-communist position, eventually embracing NATO.

Before Tony's death, the brothers collaborated on a miniseries based on the late Robin Cook's novel, Coma for A & E.

Before the late 1970s and early 1980s, it was common for many smaller cities to have their own operators.

Before he dies from a gunshot wound, he tells his ex-wife Siobhan Ryan, the intended victim, about " losing my timing so late in my career ".

Before cable-ready TV sets became common in the late 1980s, an electronic tuning device called a cable converter box was needed to receive the additional analog cable TV channels and transpose or convert the selected channel to analog radio frequency ( RF ) for viewing on a regular TV set on a single channel, usually VHF channel 3 or 4.

Before Mauritania signed the Madrid Accords and after the withdrawal of the last Spanish forces, in late 1975, the Mauritanian Army invaded the southern part of Western Sahara, while the Moroccan Army did the same in the north.

According to Dr. Galena Rhoades, " Before 1970, living together outside of marriage was uncommon, but by the late 1990s at least 50 % to 60 % of couples lived together premaritally.

" Before the late nineteenth century, they rarely fashioned items with elaborate details or extra decoration, but only made things for their intended uses.

Before the late 20th century the northeastern end of the Horseshoe Falls was in the United States, flowing around the Terrapin Rocks, which was once connected to Goat Island by a series of bridges.

Before a European festival tour in late 1993, Howe and Burns left and were replaced by guitarist Keith More.

Before the economic crisis of late 2008, the MoMA ’ s board of trustees decided to sell its equities in order to move into an all-cash position.

Before the late 20th century, they were used as strength measurement, with a difference in skill of less than a third of a stone per rank.

Before the harbor mouth was dredged and cleared in the late 19th century, the mouth of this inlet would often go dry at low tide, which led to its being called a lake.

Before the album was released, Jane's Addiction supported British band Love and Rockets on a two-month tour in late 1987 .. Also in late 1987, the band opened for former Bauhaus vocalist Peter Murphy at the now demolished Fender's Ballroom in Long Beach.

Before the late 19th century, the area around the future site of Wheatland was a flat, arid landscape with desert-like vegetation.

Before the National Trust work of the late 1980s everything had remained untouched since the 1880s.

Before the late 19th century, the concept of a world war would be the result of military action caused by quarrels between European powers which took place in fairly limited, though sometimes far-flung, theaters of conflict.

Before the late nineteenth century, English-language texts usually referred to the language as the " Gypsy language ".

Before the 1940s, most artists in St Ives and West Cornwall belonged to the St Ives Society of Artists ; but events in the late 1940s led to a dispute between the abstract and figurative artists in the group.

Before the late 1972 tour began, Walker quit Savoy Brown to join Fleetwood Mac.

Before the classic work of Jule Charney and Eric Eady on baroclinic instability in the late 1940s

Before the Norman conquest in 1066, justice was administered primarily by what is today known as the county courts ( the modern " counties " were referred to as " Shires " in pre-Norman times ), presided by the diocesan bishop and the sheriff, exercising both ecclesiastical and civil jurisdiction.

This act is commonly criticized by modern cartoonists including Watterson and Pearls Before Swines Stephan Pastis.

Before reaching Italy however, Titus learnt that Galba had been murdered and replaced by Otho, the governor of Lusitania ( modern Portugal ).

Before the modern age and the worldwide spread of knowledge, written examples of new mathematical developments have come to light only in a few locales.

Before modern strobe lights, lenses were used to concentrate the light from a continuous source.

Before the outbreak of the Korean War, Joseph Stalin equipped the KPA with modern medium tanks, trucks, artillery, and small arms.

Before the advent of modern computers numerical methods often depended on hand interpolation in large printed tables.

Before modern computing, researchers requiring random numbers would either generate them through various means ( dice, cards, roulette wheels, etc.

Before the end of the first decade of the twentieth century, political parties were more akin to parliamentary factions, and were fluid, informal and disorganised by modern standards.

Before the Second World War, researchers in France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States, independently and in great secrecy, developed technologies that led to the modern version of radar.

Before the modern era, the Bhikkhuni Sangha spread to most Buddhist countries including Burma ( also known as Myanmar ), with the notable exceptions being Tibet and Thailand.

Before the advent of modern antibiotics, oil of thyme was used to medicate bandages.

Before World War II, many European architects moved to the United States, where modern architecture continued to develop.

* Before 1630 BC – 1500 BC — Landscape ( Spring fresco ), wall painting with areas of modern reconstruction from Akrotiri, Thera, Cyclades, is made.

Bleeding: Before modern surgical developments, there was a very real threat that a patient would bleed to death before treatment, or during the operation.

Before modern factory butter making, cream was usually collected from several milkings and was therefore several days old and somewhat fermented by the time it was made into butter.

Before the Paillon River was covered over, the Pont-Neuf was the only practicable way between the old town and the modern one.

Before the development of modern refrigeration, ice cream was a luxury reserved for special occasions.

: Before this strange disease of modern life.

Before the advent of modern pipes, water was brought from an outdoor source such as wells, pumps or springs.

Before modern disaster management, when floods occurred, some of the population might initially die from drowning but then many more would suffer from the ensuing famine and spread of diseases.

Before early modern nation-building, the Low Countries referred to a wide area of northern Europe as a low-lying triangular river delta for the rivers Rhine, Meuse, Scheldt, and Ems.

Before the advent of the modern critical edition of historical Roman works, AUC was indiscriminately added to them by earlier editors, making it appear more widely used than it actually was.

The Kung Bushmen were described as ' The Harmless People ' in a popular work by Elizabeth Marshall Thomas in 1958, while Lawrence Keeley's 1996 War Before Civilization suggested that regular warfare without modern technology was conducted by most groups throughout human history, including most Native American tribes.