Before the late modern era, the abbot was treated with the utmost reverence by the brethren of his house.

Before the Norman conquest in 1066, justice was administered primarily by what is today known as the county courts ( the modern " counties " were referred to as " Shires " in pre-Norman times ), presided by the diocesan bishop and the sheriff, exercising both ecclesiastical and civil jurisdiction.

This act is commonly criticized by modern cartoonists including Watterson and Pearls Before Swines Stephan Pastis.

Before reaching Italy however, Titus learnt that Galba had been murdered and replaced by Otho, the governor of Lusitania ( modern Portugal ).

Before modern strobe lights, lenses were used to concentrate the light from a continuous source.

Before the outbreak of the Korean War, Joseph Stalin equipped the KPA with modern medium tanks, trucks, artillery, and small arms.

Before the advent of modern computers numerical methods often depended on hand interpolation in large printed tables.

Before modern computing, researchers requiring random numbers would either generate them through various means ( dice, cards, roulette wheels, etc.

Before the end of the first decade of the twentieth century, political parties were more akin to parliamentary factions, and were fluid, informal and disorganised by modern standards.

Before the Second World War, researchers in France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States, independently and in great secrecy, developed technologies that led to the modern version of radar.

Before the modern era, the Bhikkhuni Sangha spread to most Buddhist countries including Burma ( also known as Myanmar ), with the notable exceptions being Tibet and Thailand.

Before the advent of modern antibiotics, oil of thyme was used to medicate bandages.

Before World War II, many European architects moved to the United States, where modern architecture continued to develop.

* Before 1630 BC – 1500 BC — Landscape ( Spring fresco ), wall painting with areas of modern reconstruction from Akrotiri, Thera, Cyclades, is made.

Bleeding: Before modern surgical developments, there was a very real threat that a patient would bleed to death before treatment, or during the operation.

Before modern factory butter making, cream was usually collected from several milkings and was therefore several days old and somewhat fermented by the time it was made into butter.

Before the Paillon River was covered over, the Pont-Neuf was the only practicable way between the old town and the modern one.

Before the development of modern refrigeration, ice cream was a luxury reserved for special occasions.

: Before this strange disease of modern life.

Before the advent of modern pipes, water was brought from an outdoor source such as wells, pumps or springs.

Before modern disaster management, when floods occurred, some of the population might initially die from drowning but then many more would suffer from the ensuing famine and spread of diseases.

Before early modern nation-building, the Low Countries referred to a wide area of northern Europe as a low-lying triangular river delta for the rivers Rhine, Meuse, Scheldt, and Ems.

Before the advent of the modern critical edition of historical Roman works, AUC was indiscriminately added to them by earlier editors, making it appear more widely used than it actually was.

The Kung Bushmen were described as ' The Harmless People ' in a popular work by Elizabeth Marshall Thomas in 1958, while Lawrence Keeley's 1996 War Before Civilization suggested that regular warfare without modern technology was conducted by most groups throughout human history, including most Native American tribes.

Before that time, at the peak of the last ice age ( c. 16, 000 BC ) sea levels everywhere were 130 metres lower, and there were large well-watered coastal plains instead of much of the northern Aegean.

Before the 1999 season, fans began discussing Earnhardt's age and speculating that with his son, Dale Jr. getting into racing, Earnhardt might be contemplating retirement.

Before age 13 she had broken into the top 100 players in the world and the British Chess Magazine declared, " Judit Polgár's recent results make the performances of Fischer and Kasparov at a similar age pale by comparison.

Before long, scientific inquiries provoked by his claims had pushed back the age of the earth into the millions of yearsstill too short when compared with the accepted 4. 6 billion year age in the 21st century, but a distinct improvement.

Before the computer age, this was accomplished by the card catalogue — a cabinet ( or multiple cabinets ) containing many drawers filled with index cards that identified books and other materials.

Before the electronic age, the RGB color model already had a solid theory behind it, based in human perception of colors.

Before entering politics, he had been a classical scholar, becoming a full Professor of Ancient Greek at the age of 25.

Before 2010, the earliest known fossil prawns come from rocks in Madagascar of Permo-Triassic age,.

* July 5 Before sentencing, Kenneth Lay dies of heart attack in Aspen, Colorado at the age of 64.

Asimov read this story at the age of 11, and acknowledged it as a source of inspiration in Before the Golden Age ( 1975 ), an anthology of 1930s science fiction in which Asimov told the story of the science fiction he read during his formative years.

Before he reached 19 years of age, Fargue had already published in L ' Art littéraire in 1894 and his important poem Tancrède appeared in the magazine Pan in 1895.

Before trumpeter Booker Little's untimely death at the age of 23, he and Dolphy had a very fruitful musical partnership.

Before the age of two, he lost his mother.

Before the age of automobiles, they would depart the train in Ashland and board a steamer, which traveled up the Squam River to rustic fishing camps or hillside hotels beside Squam Lake.

" Before his death at age 83 in 1931, the prolific inventor amassed a record 1, 093 patents for creations including the phonograph, a stock ticker, the motion-picture camera, the incandescent lightbulb, a mechanical vote counter, the alkaline storage battery including one for an electric car, and the first commercial electric light.

Before his own conversion in his thirties following a nervous breakdown in the Army, as she explains, " My father was Protestant Church of Ireland, and my mother was Unitarian up to the age of 20 when she abandoned it.

Before finishing gymnasium, in 1850 Cui was sent to Saint Petersburg to prepare to enter the Chief Engineering School, which he did the next year at age 16.

Before the age of 20, Colbert had a post in the war office ; a position generally attributed to the marriage of an uncle to the sister of Secretary of War Michel le Tellier.

Before the vaccine to rubella was introduced in 1969, widespread outbreaks usually occurred every 6 – 9 years in the United States and 3 – 5 years in Europe, mostly affecting children in the 5-9 year old age group.

Before age 15, a majority of first-intercourse experiences among females are reported to be non-voluntary ; the Guttmacher Institute found that 60 % of girls who had sex before age 15 were coerced by males who on average were six years their senior.

Before the advent of printing in Scotland, writers such as Robert Henryson, William Dunbar, Walter Kennedy and Gavin Douglas have been seen as leading a golden age in Scottish poetry.