Before the late modern era, the abbot was treated with the utmost reverence by the brethren of his house.

Before the Norman conquest in 1066, justice was administered primarily by what is today known as the county courts ( the modern " counties " were referred to as " Shires " in pre-Norman times ), presided by the diocesan bishop and the sheriff, exercising both ecclesiastical and civil jurisdiction.

This act is commonly criticized by modern cartoonists including Watterson and Pearls Before Swines Stephan Pastis.

Before reaching Italy however, Titus learnt that Galba had been murdered and replaced by Otho, the governor of Lusitania ( modern Portugal ).

Before the modern age and the worldwide spread of knowledge, written examples of new mathematical developments have come to light only in a few locales.

Before modern strobe lights, lenses were used to concentrate the light from a continuous source.

Before the outbreak of the Korean War, Joseph Stalin equipped the KPA with modern medium tanks, trucks, artillery, and small arms.

Before the advent of modern computers numerical methods often depended on hand interpolation in large printed tables.

Before modern computing, researchers requiring random numbers would either generate them through various means ( dice, cards, roulette wheels, etc.

Before the end of the first decade of the twentieth century, political parties were more akin to parliamentary factions, and were fluid, informal and disorganised by modern standards.

Before the Second World War, researchers in France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States, independently and in great secrecy, developed technologies that led to the modern version of radar.

Before the advent of modern antibiotics, oil of thyme was used to medicate bandages.

Before World War II, many European architects moved to the United States, where modern architecture continued to develop.

* Before 1630 BC – 1500 BC — Landscape ( Spring fresco ), wall painting with areas of modern reconstruction from Akrotiri, Thera, Cyclades, is made.

Bleeding: Before modern surgical developments, there was a very real threat that a patient would bleed to death before treatment, or during the operation.

Before modern factory butter making, cream was usually collected from several milkings and was therefore several days old and somewhat fermented by the time it was made into butter.

Before the Paillon River was covered over, the Pont-Neuf was the only practicable way between the old town and the modern one.

Before the development of modern refrigeration, ice cream was a luxury reserved for special occasions.

: Before this strange disease of modern life.

Before the advent of modern pipes, water was brought from an outdoor source such as wells, pumps or springs.

Before modern disaster management, when floods occurred, some of the population might initially die from drowning but then many more would suffer from the ensuing famine and spread of diseases.

Before early modern nation-building, the Low Countries referred to a wide area of northern Europe as a low-lying triangular river delta for the rivers Rhine, Meuse, Scheldt, and Ems.

Before the advent of the modern critical edition of historical Roman works, AUC was indiscriminately added to them by earlier editors, making it appear more widely used than it actually was.

The Kung Bushmen were described as ' The Harmless People ' in a popular work by Elizabeth Marshall Thomas in 1958, while Lawrence Keeley's 1996 War Before Civilization suggested that regular warfare without modern technology was conducted by most groups throughout human history, including most Native American tribes.

Due to the Gregorian calendar's obvious connotations of Western Christianity, non-Christians and even some Christians sometimes replace the traditional era notations " AD " and " BC " (" Anno Domini " and " Before Christ ") with " CE " and " BCE " (" Common Era " and " Before Common Era ").

Before the current positive era of Eastern and Oriental Orthodox dialogues, Chalcedonians sometimes used to call the non-Chalcedonians " monophysites ", though the Coptic Orthodox Church in reality regards monophysitism as a heresy.

Before the industrial era, travel by water was often easier than over land.

Before the Christian era, sodomy was not illegal in Greek or, most believe, in Roman law, between adult citizens, but homosexual acts between citizens were considered acceptable only under certain social circumstances.

Before the Cambrian era, it becomes much more difficult since there are fewer rock exposures preserved.

Before the VCR era, this would be the only opportunity audiences had of seeing a program more than once.

Before the computer mass storage era, most RTTY stations stored text on paper tape using paper tape punchers and readers.

Before the era of drug smuggling and human trafficking, smuggling had acquired a kind of nostalgic romanticism, in the vein of Robert Louis Stevenson's Kidnapped:

Before this, Huang ( 皇 ) and Di ( 帝 ) were given as titles of a number of rulers from the era known as the " sage kings " period, supposedly predating written history, but probably coinciding with or following the invention and early stages of evolution for the Chinese writing system.

Before the steamboat era faded, Camden had become a railroad town — served by the mainline of the Texas and St. Louis ( Cotton Belt ) and by branch lines of the Missouri Pacific and the Rock Island railroads.

Before the Baroque era, keyboard music generally was not written for one instrument or another, but rather was written to be played on any keyboard instrument.

Before the era of printing, manuscripts were handwritten, and so few copies existed, explaining why so much has been lost.

Before the computer era, plaintext most commonly meant message text in the language of the communicating parties.

Before acquiring different forms of weaponry beginning in the colonial era, Seminole ancestors originally used spears with flint, bone or cane tips, war clubs studded with sharks ' teeth, and bows and arrows.

Before Spanish colonization ( a time referred to as the prehispanic era ), two large tribes, the Caribs and the Muiscas, inhabited this part of modern day Colombia.

Before the line closures of the Beeching era, the lines to Buxton and via Millers Dale were considered the main lines from London to Manchester, carrying named expresses such as The Palatine.

Before the Meiji era ( 1868 – 1912 ), each local region had its own timezone in which noon was set to when the sun is exactly at its zenith.

Before the tragedy, there was an era of static, idealized plastic art in the form of sculpture that represented the Apollonian view of the world.

Before the era of Napoleon, the area was divided into many small bits and pieces of independent states.

* University of Buffalo " Before Prohibition: Images from the preprohibition era when many psychotropic substances were legally available in America and Europe " Addiction Research Unit

Before the reform era, aspects of Chinese society also contributed to shaping the contemporary structure for maintaining public order.

Before the open era began, there was no prize money, other than an expense allowance, and no endorsement deals.