Before the invention of the integrated circuit in 1959, electronic circuits were constructed from discrete components that could be manipulated by humans.

Before PALs were introduced, designers of digital logic circuits would use small-scale integration ( SSI ) components, such as those in the 7400 series TTL ( transistor-transistor logic ) family ; the 7400 family included a variety of logic building blocks, such as gates ( NOT, NAND, NOR, AND, OR ), multiplexers ( MUXes ) and demultiplexers ( DEMUXes ), flip flops ( D-type, JK, etc.

Before the advent of coordinate-independent methods, it was necessary to work with vector fields using their components in coordinate charts.

Before discussing their many functions and varieties, we will outline the common components of all monster cards.

Before the advent of large-scale integrated circuits, key systems were typically composed of electromechanical components ( relays ) as were larger telephone switching systems.

Before the introduction of DMI, no standardized source of information could provide details about components in a personal computer.

Before the 1910 season, Hugh Chalmers of Chalmers Automobile announced he would present a Chalmers Model 30 automobile to the player with the highest batting average in Major League Baseball at the end of the season.

Before sea levels rose at the end of the last Ice Age, Borneo was part of the mainland of Asia, forming, with Java and Sumatra, the upland regions of a peninsula that extended east from present day Indochina and Thailand.

* Before present

Before the Anglo-German summit at Berchtesgaden on 15 September 1938, Henderson and Weizsäcker worked out a private arrangement that Hitler and Chamberlain were to meet with no advisers present as a way of excluding the ultra-hawkish Ribbentrop from attending the talks.

Before the departure of British colonial rule and the subsequent independence of Pakistan, the population of the city included Hindus and Sikhs, but the community is still present numbering around 250, 000 residents.

Before 1971, a municipality could be called a town ( stad ), a köping or a rural municipality ( landskommun ); present municipalities which used to be towns are still commonly called towns.

Before the establishment of the present European Commission, there was the High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community.

Raw, i. e., uncalibrated, radiocarbon ages are usually reported in radiocarbon years " Before Present " ( BP ), with " present " defined as CE 1950.

Before 1877, the name was written Christianssund, from 1877-1888 it was spelled Kristianssund, and since 1889 it has had its present spelling, Kristiansund.

Before the race at the Kyalami race track in South Africa, Lauda was the organiser of the so called ‘ drivers ' strike ’; Lauda had seen that the new Super-License required the drivers to commit themselves to their present teams and realised that this could hinder a driver's negotiation position.

Before the regents gave any answer, they requested that the Protestants give them the opportunity to confer with their superior, Adam von Waldstein, who was not present.

Before a host plant is reached, the dodder, as other plants, relies on food reserves in the embryo ; the cotyledons, though present, are vestigial.

Before the final color of the pixel can be decided, a lighting calculation must be performed to shade the pixels based on any lights which may be present in the scene.

Before his death in 1924, Lenin, while describing Trotsky as " distinguished not only by his exceptional abilities – personally he is, to be sure, the most able man in the present Central Committee ", and also maintaining that " his non-Bolshevik past should not be held against him ", criticized him for " showing excessive preoccupation with the purely administrative side of the work ", and also requested that Stalin be removed from his position of General Secretary, but his notes remained suppressed until 1956.

Before 1912 the town had two train stations: one in the Iron Works District near the present Brookfield Market and a second, Junction Station, near the corner of Junction Road and Stony Hill Road.

Before CB was authorized in Australia, there were hand-held 27-MHz " walkie-talkies " which utilised several frequencies between the present CB channels, such as 27. 240 MHz.

Before the Tertiary, when the sea level was much lower than at present, the Swan River curved around to the north of Rottnest Island, and disgorged itself into the Indian Ocean slightly to the north and west of Rottnest.

Before the 20th century, the tiny settlement was concentrated around in what was Kenton Lane ( the easternmost part of which remains as Old Kenton Lane to the east of Kingsbury station ) and is now part of the present day Woodgrange Avenue and Kenton Road.

Before the Romans and Saxons were present, there was a Celtic settlement in the area, with evidence of a hill fort in the Pollards Hill area.

Before one year passed the size of the County was diminished through the separation of land areas which, in whole or in part, became present day DeKalb, Fulton, Fayette and Newton Counties.

Before settling on the present site for the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum on Fifth Avenue between 88th and 89th Streets, Wright, Rebay and Guggenheim considered numerous locations in Manhattan, as well as in the Riverdale section of the Bronx, overlooking the Hudson River.

Before the present airstrip was built in the mid-1960s, wheeled aircraft landed on nearby sandbars.

Before the war he had owned and managed what was perhaps the largest tanning yard west of the Alleghenies at a site three miles northeast of present day Waterloo.

Before its present name, the settlement was briefly known as Hillsboro.

Before the availability of genetic evidence, the classification of angiosperms ( also known as flowering plants, Angiospermae, Anthophyta or Magnoliophyta ) was based on their morphology ( particularly of their flower ) and biochemistry ( the kinds of chemical compounds in the plant ).

Before they could guess his intention Rankin stepped forward and swung the guard's own gun against the uncovered head, hard.

Before memory, too, clouds over, let us make a note or two of what could be seen.

Before he could duck, another stone struck him.

Before he left the apartment he knocked on their door and asked if there was anything he could do for them.

Before the Juniors entered the ring the Steward announced that after all Juniors had moved their dogs around the ring and set them up, they could relax with their dogs.

Before Roberts could move inside to cut upward toward his face, he slammed his right fist into Roberts' belly.

Before he could snap it on, a stinging blow caught him in the ribs.

Before he could return to Burma, Field Marshal Slim had to rally the defeated remnants of a discouraged army and unite them with fresh recruits.

Before he could pass the river with safety, however, it was necessary to subdue certain fortresses, one of which was for several days vigorously defended by the governor, Yussuf el-Harezmi, a Khwarezmian.

Before the passage of the lex annalis, individuals could run for the Aedileship by the time they turned twenty-seven.

Before the demolition could take place, Admiral Sir Hugh Sinclair ( Director of Naval Intelligence and head of MI6 ) bought the site.

Before 1873, England had two parallel court systems: courts of " law " that could only award money damages and recognized only the legal owner of property, and courts of " equity " ( courts of chancery ) that could issue injunctive relief ( that is, a court order to a party to do something, give something to someone, or stop doing something ) and recognized trusts of property.

Before Stalin's consolidation of power, the Central Committee featured open debate, where even leading officials could be criticised.

Before a systematic excavation of the site could be undertaken, the village had to be relocated but the residents resisted.

Before the vote to award franchises in 1959, Murchison revealed to Marshall that he owned the song and Marshall could not play it during games.

Before many copies of the book could be printed, however, the printing press and most of the printed copies were destroyed by a mob in Missouri.

Before the advent of fast computing machines, solving a dynamical system required sophisticated mathematical techniques and could be accomplished only for a small class of dynamical systems.

Before the question could be answered, the notion of " algorithm " had to be formally defined.

Before a new Grand Alliance could be concluded Leopold I prepared to send an expedition to seize the Spanish lands in Italy.

Before a lord could grant land ( a fief ) to someone, he had to make that person a vassal.

Before, geologists could only use fossils to date sections of rock relative to one another.

Before a new employee could rise to the level of mastery, he had to go through a schooling period during which he was first called an apprentice.

Before the assembled cardinals and delegations could engage in theological discussion, they had to decide how to sit during the proceedings.