Today the terms " Order of Saint Benedict " and " Benedictine Order " are also used frequently to refer to the total of the independent Benedictine abbeys, thereby giving the wrong impression of a " generalate " or " motherhouse " with jurisdiction over dependent communities.

The Rule of Saint Benedict is also used by a number of religious orders that began as reforms of the Benedictine tradition such as the Cistercians and Trappists although none of these groups are part of the Benedictine Confederation.

In 1998, Benedict learned that he also has another son, John Talbert ( born 1968 ), from an earlier relationship.

He was also the featured singer at the Concert of Hope immediately preceding Pope Benedict XVI's Mass at Yankee Stadium in April 2008.

Ruth Benedict made a distinction, relevant in this context, between " guilt " societies ( e. g., medieval Europe ) with an " internal reference standard ", and " shame " societies ( e. g., Japan, " bringing shame upon one's ancestors ") with an " external reference standard ", where people look to their peers for feedback on whether an action is " acceptable " or not ( also known as " group-think ").

* Henry IX and I ( 31 January 178813 July 1807 ), Henry Benedict Stuart, also known as the Cardinal King.

He also employed Benedict of Aniane ( the Second Benedict ), a Septimanian Visigoth and monastic founder, to help him reform the Frankish church.

Mead also had an exceptionally close relationship with Ruth Benedict, one of her instructors.

At the end of the conclave that elected Pope Benedict XVI, church bells were also rung to signal that a new pope had been chosen.

Although the description " servant of the servants of God " was also used by other Church leaders, including St. Augustine and St. Benedict, it was first used extensively as a papal title by Pope St. Gregory the Great, reportedly as a lesson in humility for Patriarch of Constantinople John the Faster, who had assumed the title " Ecumenical Patriarch ".

With the recent election of Benedict XVI in 2005, his personal coat of arms eliminated the papal tiara ; a mitre with three horizontal lines is used in its place, with the pallium, a papal symbol of authority more ancient than the tiara, the use of which is also granted to metropolitan archbishops as a sign of communion with the See of Rome, was added underneath of the shield.

He was visited once by Basil of Caesarea who took many of his ideas and implemented them in Caesarea, where Basil also made some adaptations that became the ascetic rule, or Ascetica, the rule still used today by the Eastern Orthodox Church, and comparable to that of the Rule of St. Benedict in the West.

" It also changes the date from the 11th to the 9th century, indicating that Joan reigned between Leo IV and Benedict III in the 850s.

Benedict XIV was also responsible, along with Cardinal Passionei, for beginning the catalogue of the Vatican Library.

This form of the Mass remained essentially unchanged for 400 years until Pope Paul VI's revision of the Roman Missal in 1969 – 70, after which it has become widely known as the Tridentine Mass ; use of the last pre-1969 edition of the Missal, that by Pope John XXIII in 1962, is permitted without limitation for private celebration of the Mass and, since July 2007, is allowed also, under certain conditions, for public use, as laid down in the motu proprio Summorum Pontificum of Pope Benedict XVI.

Papal finances were also improved through reviving the public lottery, which had been suppressed by the severe morality of Benedict XIII.

He was also the godfather of Pope Benedict IX, who was foisted on the papacy by his powerful family, the Theophylacti, counts of Tusculum, at the age of twenty.

Gregory was chosen at Rome in 1406 by a conclave consisting of only fifteen cardinals under the express condition that, should Antipope Benedict XIII ( 1394 – 1423 ), the rival papal claimant at Avignon, renounce all claim to the Papacy, he would also renounce his, so that a fresh election might be made and the Western Schism ( 1378 – 1417 ) could be ended.

Pope Pius X also undertook a revision of the Roman Missal, which was published and declared typical by his successor Pope Benedict XV on 25 July 1920.

Benedict held the post of President of the American Anthropological Association and was also a prominent member of the American Folklore Society.

Benedict also started a friendship with Edward Sapir who encouraged her to continue the study of the relations between individual creativity and cultural patterns.

* Critics of sedevacantism argue that this also means that the theory advanced by the seventeenth-century theologian and Doctor of the Church Robert Bellarmine that a pope who fell into heresy would automatically forfeit his office and could be formally deposed has been overruled by Church authority by Benedict XIV in " De Synodo Dioecesano " ( 10, 1, 5 ) and by the 1917 Code of Canon Law, Can.

Stephen died before being able to return to Rome, but Hildebrand was successful ; he was then instrumental in overcoming the crisis caused by the Roman aristocracy's election of an antipope, Benedict X, who, thanks also to Agnes's support, was replaced by the Bishop of Florence, Nicholas II.

However, he was made a cardinal at the 24 March 2006 consistory anyway, as was announced by Pope Benedict XVI on 22 February 2006.

In his 2006 homily for Corpus Christi, Pope Benedict XVI noted the similarity between the Christian story of the resurrection and pagan myths of dead and resurrected gods: " In these myths, the soul of the human person, in a certain way, reached out toward that God made man, who, humiliated unto death on a cross, in this way opened the door of life to all of us.

Mr. T was offered a cameo appearance in the film adaptation of The A-Team, but decided to turn it down, whereas Dwight Schultz and Dirk Benedict both made cameos in the film.

His successor raised Benedict XIII's nephew, Prince Beroaldo Orsini, to the dignity of Prince Assistants to the Papal Throne ( title held until 1958 ), after the emperor Charles VI had already, in 1724, made him a prince of the Holy Roman Empire.

Pope Benedict XVI held on 19 September 2008 a reception for the conference participants, where he praised Pius XII as a pope who made every effort to save Jews during the war.

It was around this time when a long series of busts of past Popes was made for the Duomo of Siena, which included one of the female Pope, named as " Johannes VIII, Foemina de Anglia " and included between Leo IV and Benedict III.

According to the Catholic Encyclopedia and other sources, Benedict IX was around 18 to 20 years old when made pontiff, although some sources claim 11 or 12.

Benedict XI was a Dominican and when he was made Master of the Order in 1296, he issued ordinances forbidding public questioning of the legitimacy of Boniface VIII's election on the part of any Dominican.

There is a chance that Franco could have made the demand of having Benedict strangled, but it is not known for certain.

He was made cardinal-priest of Santi Nereo e Achilleo and administrator of the bishopric of Avignon by Benedict XII in 1338 and was chosen to succeed him as pope at the papal conclave of 1342.

Unlike the Cistercian Benedict XII, Clement VI was devoted to lavish living and the treasury which he inherited made that lifestyle possible.

He advanced still further under Pope Benedict XIII, who made him prefect of the judicial tribunal known as the Segnatura di Giustizia.

Urban VIII issued a 1624 papal bull that made the use of tobacco in holy places punishable by excommunication ; Pope Benedict XIII would later repeal the ban.

Nonetheless, Benedict made it appear that the only obstacle to the termination of the Western Schism was the unwillingness of Innocent VII.

There is, however, no evidence to suggest that Benedict intended to found a religious order in the modern sense and it was not until the later Middle Ages that mention was made of an " Order of Saint Benedict ".

Many Benedictine Houses have a number of Oblates ( secular ) who are affiliated with them in prayer, having made a formal private promise ( usually renewed annually ) to follow the Rule of St Benedict in their private life as closely as their individual circumstances and prior commitments permit.

Stanley suffered an injury that made him want to spend more time away from the city, and Benedict was not happy when the couple moved to Bedford Hills far away from the city.

As close friend Margaret Mead explained, " Anthropology made the first ‘ sense ’ that any ordered approach to life had ever made to Ruth Benedict " After working with Goldenweiser for a year, he sent her to work as a graduate student with Franz Boas at Columbia University in 1921.

To mark the fiftieth anniversary of the beginning of Vatican II, in October 2011, the Vatican's website and many other Catholic news organizations announced that the Pope Benedict XVI, had made the period from October 2012 to the end of November 2013 ( the Solemnity of Christ the King ) a " Year Of Faith " in a solemn declaration, and ordered all parishes and religious institutions to find some manner during that Year of celebrating and reaffirming the Creed ( there are now two main Creeds-the shorter Apostle's Creed and the lengthier Niceno-Constantopolitan, or Nicene Creed.