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Berengar of Tours ( c. 999 – January 6, 1088 ) was a French 11th century Christian theologian and Archdeacon of Angers, a scholar whose leadership of the cathedral school at Chartres set an example of intellectual inquiry through the revived tools of dialectic that was soon followed at cathedral schools of Laon and Paris, and who disputed with the Church leadership over the doctrine of transubstantiation in the Eucharist.
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Berengar and Tours
In 1530, Erasmus published a new edition of the orthodox treatise of Algerus against the heretic Berengar of Tours in the eleventh century.
In the eleventh century, Berengar of Tours denied that any material change in the elements was needed to explain the Eucharistic Presence, thereby provoking a considerable stir.
* Berengar of Tours, French theologian
* January 6 – Berengar of Tours, French theologian
Leo sent Hildebrand as his legate to Tours in France in the wake of the controversy created by Berengar of Tours.
Berengar of Tours, engraving by Hendrik Hondius I | Henrik Hondius from Jacob Verheiden, Praestantium aliquot theologorum ( 1602 ).
Berengar of Tours was born perhaps at Tours, probably in the early years of the 11th century.
Though disputing the legality of his condemnation, Berengar agreed to go, first passing through Paris to obtain permission from King Henry I of France, as nominal abbot of St. Martin at Tours.
Under these circumstances Berengar decided to concede as much as he could, and the French bishops showed that they wished a speedy settlement of the controversy, when the Synod of Tours declared itself satisfied by Berengar's written declaration that the sacramental bread and wine after consecration were the body and blood of Christ.
Berengar of Tours died on the island of St. Cosme, near that city, in 1088.
da: Berengar af Tours
de: Berengar von Tours
pl: Berengar z Tours
sv: Berengar av Tours
It was occupied largely with the controversy about the teachings of Berengar of Tours.
He was therefore invited to defend the doctrine of transubstantiation against the attacks of Berengar of Tours.
He took up the task with the greatest zeal, although Berengar had been his personal friend ; he was the protagonist of orthodoxy at the councils of Vercelli ( 1050 ), Tours ( 1054 ) and Rome ( 1059 ).
In the 11th century, Berengar of Tours seized upon “ Scotus ’” book as a source for his view of the Eucharist in his debate with Lanfranc of Bec, and was summarily condemned by the local Council of Vercelli in 1050.
* Berengar of Tours
With hindsight, one might say that a new note was struck when a controversy about the meaning of the eucharist blew up around Berengar of Tours in the 11th century: hints of a new confidence in the intellectual investigation of the faith that perhaps foreshadowed the explosion of theological argument that was to take place in the 12th century.
* Berengar of Tours ( c. 999-1088 )
One of the first bishops was the Norman Guitmund ( died c. 1090-95 ), a Benedictine monk, theologian, and opponent of Berengar of Tours.
Berengar and c
* Berengar I of Italy, ( c. 845 – 924 ) King of Italy
Ramon Berenguer IV (; c. 1113 – 6 August 1162, Anglicized Raymond Berengar IV ), sometimes called the Holy, was the Count of Barcelona who effected the union between the Kingdom of Aragon and the County of Barcelona into the Crown of Aragon.
Berengar of Friuli ( c. 845 – 7 April 924 ) was the Margrave of Friuli from 874 until no earlier than 890 and no later than 896, King of Italy ( as Berengar I ) from 887 ( with interruption ) until his death, and Holy Roman Emperor from 915 until his death.
She was a daughter of Berengar II, Count of Sulzbach ( c. 1080 – 3 December 1125 ) and his second wife Adelheid of Wolfratshausen.
Berengar and .
In Italy, the Iron Crown of Lombardy was being fought over between Guy III of Spoleto and Berengar of Friuli.
Berengar had been crowned king in 887, but Guy was in his turn crowned in 889.
While Pope Stephen V supported Guy, crowning him Roman Emperor in 891, Arnulf threw his support behind Berengar.
Arnulf sent his son Zwentibold with a Bavarian army to join Berengar of Friuli.
That same year, Formosus died, leaving Lambert once again in power, and both he and Berengar killed any officials who had been put in place by Arnulf, as Ratold also fled from Milan to Bavaria.
The Calendar of Saints states that her first husband was poisoned by the holder of real power, his successor, Berengar of Ivrea, who attempted to cement his political power by forcing her to marry his son, Adalbert ; when she refused and fled, she was tracked down and imprisoned for four months at Como.
Soon, however, the Duke of Canossa, Alberto Uzzo, who had been advised of the rescue, arrived and carried her off to his castle, where she was besieged by Berengar.
* 915 – Pope John X crowned Berengar I of Italy as Roman Emperor.
As such he was regarded by Berengar himself and by his opponents Dietwin of Liege ( Theodwin ), Durand of Troarne, and Humbert of Mourmoutiers.
But when he recognized the strength of the opposition, he favored a compromise ; at any rate he advised Berengar is 1054 to swear to the formula presented to him.
Nevertheless Berengar considered him his friend many years later and requested him to silence a certain Galfrid Martini or to arrange a disputation.
The epistle is a downright renunciation of Berengar in case he should still maintain his view.
In favor of the supposition that Eusebius changed his opinion from deference to the Count of Anjou, the decided opponent of Berengar and his doctrine, it can be adduced that he did not defend Berengar against the hostilities of the court, and that for a long time he sided with this violent prince.
It is also possible that the fact impressed itself upon Eusebius that the religious consciousness of the time more and more opposed Berengar.
The last such Emperor was Berengar I of Italy who died in 924.
With regards to the imperial question, although both Sergius and Theophylact did not support the continued nominal rule of Emperor Louis, they were somewhat unwilling to grant the imperial title to the only other contender, Berengar I of Italy.
However, on the one occasion that Sergius agreed to crown Berengar in around 906, Berengar was prevented from reaching Rome by the forces of Alberic I of Spoleto and Adalbert II of Tuscany, both of whom had been supporters of Sergius, but were unhappy with his decision to support Berengar.
Nevertheless, Berengar ’ s unwillingness to control his vassals also contributed to the papal reluctance ; when Albuinus, the Margrave of Istria began taking papal territory off John, the Archbishop of Ravenna in 907, Sergius had written to Albuinus asking for him to desist.
* 1151-The Treaty of Tudilén ( or Treaty of Tudején ) is signed by Alfonso VII of León and Raymond Berengar IV, Count of Barcelona, recognising the Aragonese conquests south of the Júcar and the right to expand in and annex the Kingdom of Murcia.
* January – Robert de Grantmesnil, his nephew Berengar, half-sister Judith ( future wife of Roger I of Sicily ), and eleven monks of Saint-Evroul-sur-Ouche are banished from Normandy and head to the Mezzogiorno.
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