Biological anthropologists such as Jonathan Marks and philosopher Jonathan Kaplan have argued that while Edwards argument is correct it does not invalidate Lewontin's original argument, because the fact that racial groups can be seen to be genetically distinct on average does not mean that racial groups are the most basic biological divisions of the world's population.

Biological agents are, of course, highly host-specific.

Biological agents are, moreover, suitable for delivery through enemy sabotage which imposes many problems in defense.

Biological Anthropology and Physical Anthropology are synonymous terms to describe anthropological research focused on the study of humans and non-human primates in their biological, evolutionary, and demographic dimensions.

There are two fundamental ways of modelling a Biological system ( e. g., living cell ) both coming under Bioinformatic approaches.

Biological weapons ( often termed " bio-weapons " or " bio-agents ") are living organisms or replicating entities ( viruses ) that reproduce or replicate within their host victims.

Though herbicides are chemicals, they are often grouped with biological warfare and chemical warfare because they may work in a similar manner as biotoxins or bioregulators and also because the Army Biological Laboratory tested them and the Army's Technical Escort Unit which all chemical, biological, radiological ( nuclear ) materials.

Biological agents are relatively easy to obtain by terrorists and are becoming more threatening in the U. S., and laboratories are working on advanced detection systems to provide early warning, identify contaminated areas and populations at risk, and to facilitate prompt treatment.

The US military has specialized units, which can respond to a bioterrorism event ; among them are the US Marine Corp's Chemical Biological Incident Response Force and the U. S. Army's 20th Support Command ( CBRNE ), which can detect, identify, and neutralize threats, and decontaminate victims exposed to bioterror agents.

The other types of protected areas in Costa Rica are National Wildlife Refuges, Biological Reserves, Protection Zones, and Absolute Nature Reserves.

189 countries which are signatory to the Convention on Biological Diversity ( Rio Accord ) have committed to preparing a Biodiversity Action Plan, a first step at identifying specific endangered species and habitats, country by country.

Biological vectors are often responsible for serious blood-borne diseases, such as malaria, viral encephalitis, Chagas disease, Lyme disease and African sleeping sickness.

Biological vectors are usually, though not exclusively, arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, fleas and lice.

Biological psychiatry follows a biomedical model where many mental disorders are conceptualized as disorders of brain circuits likely caused by developmental processes shaped by a complex interplay of genetics and experience.

Some incidents cited in A Higher Form of Killing: The Secret History of Chemical and Biological Warfare are as follows:

According to a International Committee of the Red Cross review of the Biological Weapons Convention, " Toxins are poisonous products of organisms ; unlike biological agents, they are inanimate and not capable of reproducing themselves.

Indigenous peoples have argued, through various international forums such as the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues and the Convention on Biological Diversity, that there are four pillars of sustainable development, the fourth being cultural.

Biological taxonomy is a sub-discipline of biology, and is generally practiced by biologists known as " taxonomists ", though enthusiastic naturalists are also frequently involved in the publication of new taxa.

Biological classification is a critical step in the taxonomic process, as it informs the user as to what the relatives of the taxon are hypothesized to be.

UNCCD activities are coordinated with the secretariats of other relevant international bodies and conventions, like those of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC ) and the Convention on Biological Diversity ( CBD ).

In Europe, the model organism resource centre for Arabidopsis thaliana germplasm, bioinformatics and molecular biology resources ( including GeneChips ) is the Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre – NASC whilst in North America germplasm services are provided by the Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center, ( ABRC ) based at the Ohio State University.

There is an overlap between biological warfare and chemical warfare, as the use of toxins produced by living organisms is considered under the provisions of both the Biological Weapons Convention and the Chemical Weapons Convention.

The late author Sheldon H. Harris in his book " Factories of Death: Japanese Biological Warfare, 1932-1945, and the American cover up " wrote that, The test program, could be part of Project AGILE or Project OCONUS which began in fall 1962 and which was funded at least through fiscal year 1963, was considered by the Chemical Corps to be “ an ambitious one .” The tests were designed to cover “ not only trials at sea, but Arctic and tropical environmental tests as well .” The tests, presumably, were conducted at what research officers designated, but did not name, “ satellite sites .” These sites were located both in the continental United States and in foreign countries.

Suggestions for improvement in the operation of CITES include: more regular missions by the Secretariat ( not reserved just for high profile species ); improvement of national legislation and enforcement ; better reporting by Parties ( and the consolidation of information from all sources-NGOs, TRAFFIC, the wildlife trade monitoring network and Parties ); more emphasis on enforcement-including a technical committee enforcement officer ; the development of CITES Action Plans ( akin to Biodiversity Action Plans related to the Convention on Biological Diversity ) including: designation of Scientific / Management Authorities and national enforcement strategies ; incentives for reporting and timelines for both Action Plans and reporting.

Biological amphoteric molecules such as proteins contain both acidic and basic functional groups.

Biological systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time.

Among the natural sciences, environmental science also achieved high ratings, its success reflected in the recently completed School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, with substantially refurbished facilities for both teaching and research.

The assumption being that Iraq used both smallpox and anthrax during this war All of this occurring while Iraq was a party to the Geneva Protocol on September 8, 1931, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty on October 29, 1969, signed the Biological Weapons Convention in 1972, but did not ratify until June 11, 1991.

Under both the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention and the 1997 Chemical Weapons Convention, ricin is listed as a schedule 1 controlled substance.

As part of the restructuring, the GEF was entrusted to become the financial mechanism for both the UN Convention on Biological Diversity and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Biological membranes are impermeable to magnesium ( and other ions ) so transport proteins must facilitate the flow of magnesium, both into and out of cells and intracellular compartments.

It was revealed that the Oracle was responsible for the Biological Interface Program, and that both Neo and Trinity were a part of that program.

Because of its controversial political status, the ROC has not been allowed to join either the Biological Weapons Convention nor the Chemical Weapons Convention, but it has stated that it will abide by both treaties nevertheless.

Both viruses cause severe disease in humans and nonhuman primates in the form of viral hemorrhagic fevers and both are Select Agents, World Health Organization Risk Group 4 Pathogens ( requiring Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment ), National Institutes of Health / National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Category A Priority Pathogens, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Category A Bioterrorism Agents, and are listed as a Biological Agents for Export Control by the Australia Group.

He drafted the U. S. domestic implementing legislation for the Biological Weapons Convention, known as the Biological Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989, that was approved unanimously by both Houses of the U. S. Congress and signed into law by President George H. W.

That year, he was also made director of the Biological Laboratory of the Long Island Biological Association making him the director of both Cold Spring Harbor laboratories, by 1943.

The College of Podiatric Medicine and Surgery and the College of Biological Sciences ( now the College of Health Sciences ) were both established by the college's Board of Trustees in 1980 and are now part of the osteopathic medical university, along with the College of Osteopathic Medicine and Surgery.

Biological invasions and the spread of pathogens and diseases are two mechanisms that spread both inadvertently and purposefully.

Biological warfare is a favoured tactic for both conquest and subsequent extermination ( The Dalek Invasion of Earth, Planet of the Daleks ).

It is roughly analogous to both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the US Army Chemical and Biological Defense Command.

The Mexican Wolf was described by both naturalists Hernández and Fernandez and is named for Vernon Bailey, an American naturalist and specialist in mammalogy who participated in the Biological Survey of Texas during the late 19th century.