Bismarck's initial response may be summed up by a marginal note he wrote in 1881: " Colonies demand a fatherland in which the national feeling is stronger than the hatred of the parties each other ".

Bismarck's " balance of power " model maintained peace in Europe for decades at the end of the 19th century, and his " revolutionary conservatism " led to significant popular reforms in insurance law, labor, and wages.

The Kaiser opposed Bismarck's careful foreign policy and wanted Germany to pursue colonialist policies, as Britain and France had been doing for decades, as well as build a navy that could match the British.

In 1866, however, the last Elector of Hesse was dethroned under Otto von Bismarck's plan for German Unification.

However, the Reinsurance Treaty failed to be renewed by Wilhelm II in 1890 after Bismarck's departure from office, thus creating a critical problem for Germany in the event of a war.

Bismarck, forced for the first time into a situation he could not use to his advantage, wrote a blistering letter of resignation, decrying Wilhelm's interference in foreign and domestic policy, which was published only after Bismarck's death.

Based on Bismarck's message, the Reichstag filed three bills designed to deal with the concept of Accident insurance, and one for Health Insurance.

On Bismarck's death in 1898, his dukedom ( held only for his own lifetime ) was extinguished and the princely title passed to his eldest son, Herbert.

Local resistance to a total acceptance of French law arose because some of Bismarck's reforms included strong protections for civil and social rights.

* Germany's First Bid for Colonies 1884 – 1885: a Move in Bismarck's European Policy, 1938.

Bismarck's biographer A. J. P. Taylor said: " It would be unfair to say that Bismarck took up social welfare solely to weaken the Social Democrats ; he had had it in mind for a long time, and believed in it deeply.

To characterize Bismarck's politics toward the Catholic Church, the pathologist and member of the parliament of the German Progress Party ( Progressive Liberals ) Rudolf Virchow used the term Kulturkampf for the first time on January 17, 1873 in the Prussian house of representatives.

The general ideological enthusiasm among the liberals for the Kulturkampf was in contrast to Bismarck's pragmatic attitude towards the measures and growing disquiet from the Conservatives.

On the subject of Pat Buchanan's famously combative Culture War Speech at the 1992 Republican Convention, which attracted controversy over Buchanan's aggressive rhetoric against Bill Clinton, liberals, supporters of reproductive and gay rights, and for his comparison of American politics to religious warfare, Ivins famously quipped that the speech had " probably sounded better in the original German ," noting the similarity between the concept of " culture war " and the Kulturkampf of Otto von Bismarck's Germany.

Bletchley had contributed to Bismarck's destruction by discovering, through wireless-traffic analysis, that the German flagship was sailing for Brest, France, rather than Wilhelmshaven, from which she had set out.

at Breslau in 1865 and work on the staff of Bismarck's private organ the Allgemeine Zeitung in addition to writing two chess books and working as the editor of a chess magazine for several years.

In 1884 he returned to New Guinea as Bismarck's Imperial Commissioner and negotiated for the north-eastern portion of that island, together with New Britain and New Ireland, to become a German protectorate.

A majority of Bismarck's citizens turned out to welcome the Nez Perce prisoners, providing a lavish buffet for them and their troop escort.

If the skill and pertinacity with which Holstein carried through his plans in these matters was learned in the school of Bismarck, he had not acquired Bismarck's faculty for foreseeing their ultimate consequences.

The rise of Bismarck's new Germany made this reactionary policy too dangerous for a great empire to risk.

However, Bismarck's nomenclature implied that Germany had swapped an African empire for tiny Heligoland (" trousers for a button ").

Instead, this new group of historians claims 1848 marked specific achievements by the liberal politicians ; many of their ideas and programs later were incorporated into Bismarck's social programs ( for example, social insurance, education programs, and wider definitions of suffrage ).

" Bismarck's words, " iron and blood " ( or " blood and iron ", as often attributed ), have been variously misquoted or misappropriated as evidence of German lust for blood and power.

Ever the pragmatist, Bismarck understood the possibilities, obstacles, and advantages of a unified state, and the importance of linking that state to the Hohenzollern dynasty, and the latter remains, for some historians, one of Bismarck's primary contributions to the creation of the empire in 1871.

" caused a crisis to develop that was not to Bismarck's advantage.

Damage during its battle with HMS Hood and HMS Prince of Wales caused flooding that put Bismarck's bow barely above the sea and oil slicks caused by hits from HMS Prince of Wales were apparent ; in the film, Bismarcks bow remains at the same level.

A speech made by Lasker on 7 February 1873, in which he attacked the management of the Pomeranian railway, caused a great sensation, and his exposure of the financial mismanagement brought about the fall of Hermann Wagener, one of Bismarck's most trusted assistants.

Silicon carbide is also then used as protection against armor-piercing shells developed to hit tanks that start life as American tractors, which use diesel engines developed thanks to funding from Krupp, who inspired Bismarck's welfare scheme based on Quetelet's statistics that inspired the Charles Babbage's difference engine, whose punch cards were used to rivet the " SS Great Eastern ," the monster ship that laid the transatlantic cable insulated with gutta-percha used to manufacture golf balls for factory managers in industrial Scotland, where James Watt had a run-in with Cavendish, whose protegee was James Macie aka James Smithson, who caused all the row in the capitol building, so the money got used to set up a world-renowned institution named after James Macie's new family name, which was Smithson: The institution known as the Smithsonian.

According to Henry Kissinger, the congress saw a shift in Bismarck's Realpolitik.

The best examples of this can be found with both Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany-Italy looking to establish a palingenetic line between the 20th century regime under Benito Mussolini as being the second incarnation of the Roman Empire, while Adolf Hitler's regime was seen as being the third palingenetic incarnation-beginning first with the Holy Roman Empire (" First Reich ") then with Bismarck's German Empire (" Second Reich ") and then resulting in Nazi Germany (" Third Reich ").

The Dual Alliance was a defensive alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary, which was created by treaty on October 7, 1879 as part of Bismarck's system of alliances to prevent / limit war.

The 1871 German Constitution was adopted by the Reichstag on 14 April 1871 and proclaimed by the Emperor on 16 April, which was substantially based upon Bismarck's North German Constitution.

Bismarck's intention was to create a constitutional façade which would mask the continuation of authoritarian policies.

Bismarck's post-1871 foreign policy was conservative and basically aimed at security and preventing the dreaded scenario of a Franco-Russian alliance, which would trap Germany between the two in a war.

Bismarck's eight years in Frankfurt were marked by changes in his political opinions, detailed in the numerous lengthy memoranda which he sent to his ministerial superiors in Berlin.

On 30 September 1862, Bismarck made a speech to the Budget Committee of the Prussian Chamber of Deputies, which included Bismarck's emphasis on using " iron and blood "— that is, military power — to achieve his goals.

With support from the anticlerical National Liberal Party, which had become Bismarck's chief ally in the Reichstag, he abolished the Catholic Department of the Prussian Ministry of Culture.

After a heated argument in Bismarck's office Wilhelm, whom Bismarck had allowed to see a letter from Tsar Alexander III describing him as a " badly brought-up boy ", stormed out, after first ordering the rescinding of the Cabinet Order of 1851, which had forbidden Prussian Cabinet Ministers to report directly to the King of Prussia, requiring them instead to report via the Prime Minister.

Bismarck's astute, cautious, and pragmatic foreign policies allowed Germany to retain peacefully the powerful position into which he had brought it ; maintaining amiable diplomacy with almost all European nations.

On account of his opposition to Bismarck's economic policy, he left the National Liberal Party and joined the “ Secessionists ” which later merged into the German Free-minded Party.

An article drafted by Austria, intended to safeguard the settlement of 1852, was replaced at Bismarck's instance by another which stated that the two powers would decide only in concert on the relations of the duchies, and that they would in no case determine the question of the succession save by mutual consent ; and Bismarck issued an ultimatum to Denmark demanding that the November Constitution should be abolished within 48 hours.

In 1870, the Catholics formed their own political party, the Centre Party, which generally supported unification and most of Bismarck's policies.

After a short time the Allies broke over ideological problems ( Communism versus Capitalism ), and thus both sides established their own spheres of influence, creating a previously non-existent division in Germany between East and West, ( although the division largely followed the borders of states which had existed in Germany before Bismarck's unification less than 100 years before ).

Like his brother the Duke of Ratibor, Chlodwig was from the first a strenuous supporter of Bismarck's anti-papal policy ( the Kulturkampf ), the main lines of which ( prohibition of the Society of Jesus, etc.

According to Aflaq, Bismarck's unification of Germany established the most repressive nation the world had ever seen, a development which could largely be blamed on, according to Aflaq, the existing monarchy and the reactionary class.

A source of special conflict between Bismarck and this social strata concerned the Junker's opposition to Bismarck's compromises with the southern German states, which were seen as a threat to the traditional powers enjoyed by Junkerdom.

Wehler has been especially critical of what calls Otto von Bismarck's strategy of “ negative integration ” by which Bismarck sought to create a sense of Deutschtum ( Germanism ) and consolidate his power by subjecting various minority groups such as Roman Catholics, Alsatians, Poles, and Social Democrats to discriminatory laws.

His father, Heinrich von Puttkamer, Oberpräsident of Posen, belonged to a widely extended noble family, of which Otto von Bismarck's wife Johanna von Puttkamer and Robert von Puttkamer's own wife were also members.