Boas first articulated the idea in 1887: "... civilization is not something absolute, but ... is relative, and ... our ideas and conceptions are true only so far as our civilization goes.

As Eddie Bullard pointed out to me, the fact that the Villas Boas family possessed a tractor put them well above the peasant class ... We now know that AVB was a determinedly upwardly mobile young man, studying a correspondence course and eventually becoming a lawyer ( at which news the ufologists who had considered him too much the rural simpleton to have made the story up, now argued that he was too respectable and bourgeois to have done so ).

Franz Boas, her teacher and mentor, has been called the father of American anthropology and his teachings and point of view are clearly evident in Benedict's work.

It derives from the work of Franz Boas and has branched out to cover a number of aspects of human society, in particular the distribution of wealth and power in a society, and how that affects such behaviour as hoarding or gifting ( e. g. the tradition of the potlatch on the Northest North American coast ).

Baker rejected the methodological relativism that has characterized anthropology since the days of Franz Boas, instead going back to earlier ideas of hereditarianism and cultural evolution.

Frederick Boas has compared the different treatments of Joan in dramas by Shakespeare, Schiller, and Shaw.

English has more than one snow-related word, but Boas ' intent may have been to connect differences in culture with differences in language.

Father Morice, writing about this and other stories he had been told by the Carrier people, posits that there might be " a sort of national tradition among the hyperborean races of America, since even the Eskimo have a story which is evidently the equivalent of it ," proceeding to summarize the account as given by Franz Boas in " The Central Eskimo " ( 1888 ).

Over 2, 000 individual patterns have been recorded worldwide since 1888, when anthropologist Franz Boas first described a pair of Eskimo string figures ( Boas 1888a, 1888b, Abraham 1988: 12 ).

The female seemed relieved that their " task " was over, and Boas himself said that he felt angered by the situation, because he felt as though he had been little more than " a good stallion " for the humanoids.

Columbia had been the home of Franz Boas and Ruth Benedict for many years, and was the central location for the spread of anthropology in America.

The Apertura 2004 season had been one of the best for Veracruz as they finished 1st place thanks to new signings such as Cuauhtémoc Blanco, Christian Giménez, Kléber Boas and others.

The tribes of the Great Plains have been found to be the tallest people in the world during the late 19th century, based on 21st century analysis of data collected by Franz Boas for the World Columbian Exposition.

With other species, such as corn snakes and ball pythons, dominating the majority of the market, the popularity of Rosy Boas hasn't been as high as other species.

When Hymes retranslated “ The Sun ’ s Myth ,” he recovered the poetic and stylistic devices that were used in the original recorded performance, but which had been lost in the myth ’ s earlier translation by Franz Boas.

After Ward's death in 1913 and with the approach of World War I the German-born Boas came to be seen by some, including W. H.

George argued for biological race realism, and saved special venom for Frank Boas and his disciples.

Boas had planned for Ruth Benedict to succeed him as chair of Columbia's anthropology department, but she was sidelined by Ralph Linton, and Mead was limited to her offices at the AMNH.

This first experience with Native American languages in the field was closely overseen by Boas, who was particularly interested in having Sapir gathering ethnological information for the Bureau.

His " Grammar of Southern Paiute " was supposed to be published in Boas ' Handbook of American Indian Languages, and Boas urged him to finish up a preliminary version while funding for the publication was available.

Boas kept working to secure a stable appointment for his student, and by his recommendation Sapir ended up being hired by the Canadian Geological Survey, who wanted him lead the institutionalization of anthropology in Canada.

Boas developed the principle of cultural relativism and Malinowski developed the theory of functionalism as guides for producing non-ethnocentric studies of different cultures.

In 1897 Columbia University appointed Franz Boas ( 1858 – 1942 ) as a physical anthropologist for his expertise in measuring schoolchildren and collecting of Inuit skeletons.

As close friend Margaret Mead explained, " Anthropology made the first ‘ sense ’ that any ordered approach to life had ever made to Ruth Benedict " After working with Goldenweiser for a year, he sent her to work as a graduate student with Franz Boas at Columbia University in 1921.

Boas gave her graduate credit for the courses she ’ d completed at the New School for Social Research.

Franklin's respect for cultural diversity did not reappear widely as an assumption in Euro-American thought until Franz Boas and others revived it around the end of the nineteenth century.

Boas ' student, the linguist Edward Sapir later noted that also English speakers pronounce sounds differently even when they think they are pronouncing the same sound, for example few English speakers realize that the sounds written with the letter < t > in the words " tick " and " stick " are phonetically different, the first being generally affricated and the other aspirated-a speaker of a language where this contrast is meaningful would instantly perceive them as different sounds and tend not to see them as different realizations of a single phoneme.

They also engaged the work of contemporary philosophers and scientists, such as Karl Pearson, Ernst Mach, Henri Poincaré, William James and John Dewey in an attempt to move, in the words of Boas ' student Robert Lowie, from " a naively metaphysical to an epistemological stage " as a basis for revising the methods and theories of anthropology.

Franz Boas and Hinrich Rink offer two options for the occurrence of a legend explaining the origin of whites.

The term Kwakiutl for the Kwakwaka ' wakw, popularized by anthropologist Franz Boas, was widely used into the 1980s.

Franz Boas, founder of American cultural anthropology and advisor for the first Ph. D. in anthropology, taught at Clark between 1888 and 1892 before resigning ( in a dispute with Hall over academic freedom ) and moving to Columbia University.

* Charles Cultee, the principal informant employed by Franz Boas for his work published as Chinook Texts

Though similar stories had circulated for years beforehand, Vilas Boas ' claims were among the first alien abduction stories to receive wide attention.

( Boas claimed that he was able to memorize these symbols and later reproduced them for investigators.

Boas was able to recall every detail of his purported experience without the need for hypnotic regression.

Boas used the term for plays in which the resolution of the themes and debates seems inadequate, and in the final act the deliverance of justice and completion one expects does not occur.

Frederick Boas believes that " out of all the rich material provided by Holinshed " Marlowe was drawn to " the comparatively unattractive reign of Edward II " due to the relationship between the King and Gaveston.

While Frederick S. Boas admitted a few details had parallels in Nashe's published works and some words or meanings are found in Nashe's works but not otherwise used by Marlowe, " the scenes in which these passages and phrases appear have, as a whole, the stamp of Marlowe.

Malinowski and Radcliffe-Brown's influence stemmed from the fact that they, like Boas, actively trained students and aggressively built up institutions that furthered their programmatic ambitions.

Franz Boas established academic anthropology in the United States in opposition to this sort of evolutionary perspective.

For example, Boas studied immigrant children to demonstrate that biological race was not immutable, and that human conduct and behavior resulted from nurture, rather than nature.

Influenced by the German tradition, Boas argued that the world was full of distinct cultures, rather than societies whose evolution could be measured by how much or how little " civilization " they had.

Boas used his positions at Columbia University and the American Museum of Natural History to train and develop multiple generations of students.

Franz Boas publicly objected to US participation in World War I, and after the war he published a brief expose and condemnation of the participation of several American archaeologists in espionage in Mexico under their cover as scientists.

Van Emde Boas observes " even if we base complexity theory on abstract instead of concrete machines, arbitrariness of the choice of a model remains.

Sapir's earliest writings had espoused views of the relation between thought and language stemming from the Humboldtian tradition he acquired through Franz Boas, which regarded language as the historical embodiment of volksgeist, or ethnic world view.

Bronisław Malinowski developed the ethnographic method, and Franz Boas taught it in the United States.

Boas ' students such as Alfred L. Kroeber, Ruth Benedict and Margaret Mead drew on his conception of culture and cultural relativism to develop cultural anthropology in the United States.

He studied Germanic linguistics at Columbia, where he came under the influence of Franz Boas who inspired him to work on Native American languages.

With his solid linguistic background, Sapir became the one student of Boas to develop most completely the relationship between linguistics and anthropology.

In his last year in college Sapir enrolled in the course " Introduction to Anthropology ", with Professor Livingston Farrand, who taught Boas ' four field approach to anthropology.

He also enrolled in an advanced anthropology seminar taught by Franz Boas himself, a course that would completely change the direction of his career.

Although still in college, Sapir was allowed to participate in Boas ' graduate seminar on American Languages which included translations of Native American and Inuit myths collected by Boas.

Robert Lowie later said that Sapir's fascination with indigenous languages stemmed from the seminar with Boas in which Boas used examples from Native American languages to disprove all of Sapir's common-sense assumptions about the basic nature of Language.

In 1906 he finished his coursework, having focused the last year on courses in anthropology and taking seminars such as Primitive Culture with Farrand, Ethnology with Boas, Archaeology and courses in Chinese language and culture with Berthold Laufer.

Sapir gathered a volume of Wishram text, published 1909, and he managed to achieve a much more sophisticated understanding of the Chinook sound system than Boas.

In 1907-1908 Sapir was offered a position at the University of California, where Boas ' first student Alfred Kroeber who was the head of a project under the California state survey, to document the Indigenous languages of California.

At Pennsylvania he worked closely with another student of Boas, Frank Speck and the two undertook work on Catawba in the summer of 1909.