Influenced by the German tradition, Boas argued that the world was full of distinct cultures, rather than societies whose evolution could be measured by how much or how little " civilization " they had.

Sapir's earliest writings had espoused views of the relation between thought and language stemming from the Humboldtian tradition he acquired through Franz Boas, which regarded language as the historical embodiment of volksgeist, or ethnic world view.

Anthropologists such as Franz Boas and Bronislaw Malinowski argued that any human science had to transcend the ethnocentrism of the scientist.

As close friend Margaret Mead explained, " Anthropology made the first ‘ sense ’ that any ordered approach to life had ever made to Ruth Benedict " After working with Goldenweiser for a year, he sent her to work as a graduate student with Franz Boas at Columbia University in 1921.

Even at that young age, Hymes had a reputation as a strong linguist ; his dissertation, completed in one year, was a grammar of the Kathlamet language spoken near the mouth of the Columbia and known primarily from Franz Boas ’ s work at the end of the 19th century.

The term became common among anthropologists after Boas ' death in 1942, to express their synthesis of a number of ideas Boas had developed.

He provided an example of this in his 1889 article, " On Alternating Sounds " A number of linguists at Boas ' time had observed that speakers of some Native American languages pronounced the same word with different sounds indiscriminately.

Franz Boas, an ethnologist who recorded many Inuit stories, gives an account of the origin of the Adlet ; he had heard the story in Baffin Land, specifically in Cumberland Sound from an Inuit named Pakaq.

Father Morice, writing about this and other stories he had been told by the Carrier people, posits that there might be " a sort of national tradition among the hyperborean races of America, since even the Eskimo have a story which is evidently the equivalent of it ," proceeding to summarize the account as given by Franz Boas in " The Central Eskimo " ( 1888 ).

Before Ariès, George Boas had published The Cult of Childhood.

After his mother's death his father remarried Arminda da Conceição da Silva Camacho dos Reis (– Silves, São Bartolomeu de Messines, 10 October 1935 ) and they had another son, Eduardo Coelho do Amaral dos Reis ( Sátão, Águas Boas, 11 September 1932 –), unmarried and without issue.

Though similar stories had circulated for years beforehand, Vilas Boas ' claims were among the first alien abduction stories to receive wide attention.

Boas said he was strongly attracted to the woman, and the two had sexual intercourse.

The female seemed relieved that their " task " was over, and Boas himself said that he felt angered by the situation, because he felt as though he had been little more than " a good stallion " for the humanoids.

When Boas returned home, he discovered that four hours had passed.

Antonio Vilas Boas later became a lawyer, married and had four children.

As Eddie Bullard pointed out to me, the fact that the Villas Boas family possessed a tractor put them well above the peasant class ... We now know that AVB was a determinedly upwardly mobile young man, studying a correspondence course and eventually becoming a lawyer ( at which news the ufologists who had considered him too much the rural simpleton to have made the story up, now argued that he was too respectable and bourgeois to have done so ).

For Boas this modern form of drama provided a useful model with which to study works by Shakespeare that had previously seemed to be uneasily situated between the comic and the tragic ; nominally two of the three plays identified by Boas are comedies, the third, Troilus and Cressida, is found amongst the tragedies in the First Folio, although not listed in the Catalogue.

Columbia had been the home of Franz Boas and Ruth Benedict for many years, and was the central location for the spread of anthropology in America.

By the time Wolf had arrived Boas had died and his anthropological style, which was suspicious of generalization and preferred detailed studies of particular subjects, was also out of fashion.

In a 1991 book, he wrote that he learned Fawcett's fate from Orlando Villas Boas, who had heard it from one of Fawcett's murderers.

This first experience with Native American languages in the field was closely overseen by Boas, who was particularly interested in having Sapir gathering ethnological information for the Bureau.

His " Grammar of Southern Paiute " was supposed to be published in Boas ' Handbook of American Indian Languages, and Boas urged him to finish up a preliminary version while funding for the publication was available.

Boas kept working to secure a stable appointment for his student, and by his recommendation Sapir ended up being hired by the Canadian Geological Survey, who wanted him lead the institutionalization of anthropology in Canada.

Boas developed the principle of cultural relativism and Malinowski developed the theory of functionalism as guides for producing non-ethnocentric studies of different cultures.

In 1897 Columbia University appointed Franz Boas ( 1858 – 1942 ) as a physical anthropologist for his expertise in measuring schoolchildren and collecting of Inuit skeletons.

Boas gave her graduate credit for the courses she ’ d completed at the New School for Social Research.

Franklin's respect for cultural diversity did not reappear widely as an assumption in Euro-American thought until Franz Boas and others revived it around the end of the nineteenth century.

Boas ' student, the linguist Edward Sapir later noted that also English speakers pronounce sounds differently even when they think they are pronouncing the same sound, for example few English speakers realize that the sounds written with the letter < t > in the words " tick " and " stick " are phonetically different, the first being generally affricated and the other aspirated-a speaker of a language where this contrast is meaningful would instantly perceive them as different sounds and tend not to see them as different realizations of a single phoneme.

They also engaged the work of contemporary philosophers and scientists, such as Karl Pearson, Ernst Mach, Henri Poincaré, William James and John Dewey in an attempt to move, in the words of Boas ' student Robert Lowie, from " a naively metaphysical to an epistemological stage " as a basis for revising the methods and theories of anthropology.

Franz Boas and Hinrich Rink offer two options for the occurrence of a legend explaining the origin of whites.

The term Kwakiutl for the Kwakwaka ' wakw, popularized by anthropologist Franz Boas, was widely used into the 1980s.

Franz Boas, founder of American cultural anthropology and advisor for the first Ph. D. in anthropology, taught at Clark between 1888 and 1892 before resigning ( in a dispute with Hall over academic freedom ) and moving to Columbia University.

* Charles Cultee, the principal informant employed by Franz Boas for his work published as Chinook Texts

George argued for biological race realism, and saved special venom for Frank Boas and his disciples.

( Boas claimed that he was able to memorize these symbols and later reproduced them for investigators.

Boas was able to recall every detail of his purported experience without the need for hypnotic regression.

Boas used the term for plays in which the resolution of the themes and debates seems inadequate, and in the final act the deliverance of justice and completion one expects does not occur.

Boas ' students such as Alfred L. Kroeber, Ruth Benedict and Margaret Mead drew on his conception of culture and cultural relativism to develop cultural anthropology in the United States.

With references from Boas and Ruth Benedict, he was accepted as a graduate student by Melville J. Herskovits at Northwestern University in Chicago.

She studied with professor Franz Boas and Dr. Ruth Benedict at Columbia University before earning her Master's in 1924.

Ruth Benedict was affected by the passionate humanism of Boas, her mentor, and continued it in her research and writing.

Ruth Benedict, another of Boas ' students, also argued that an appreciation of the importance of culture and the problem of ethnocentrism demands that the scientist adopt cultural relativism as a method.

Deloria met Franz Boas while at Teachers College, and began a professional association with him until his death in 1942, also working with his students Margaret Mead and Ruth Benedict.

Cultural anthropologists such as Franz Boas, along with his students, including Ruth Benedict and Margaret Mead, are regarded as the leaders of anthropology's rejection of classical social evolutionism.