The Second Boer War (, or Tweede Boereoorlog ) was fought from 11 October 1899 until 31 May 1902 between the British Empire and the Afrikaans-speaking Dutch settlers of two independent Boer republics, the South African Republic ( Transvaal Republic ) and the Orange Free State.

The First Boer War (, literally First Farmer's War ), literally First Freedom War ) also known as the First Anglo-Boer War or the Transvaal War, was fought from 16 December 1880 until 23 March 1881.

However, the subsequent period saw the departure of manager van Gaal along with an exodus of many key players including Clarence Seedorf in 1995 ; Edgar Davids, Michael Reiziger, Finidi George, and Nwankwo Kanu in 1996 ; Patrick Kluivert, Marc Overmars, and Winston Bogarde in 1997 ; Ronald de Boer and Frank de Boer in 1998 ; and Edwin van der Sar and Jari Litmanen in 1999.

In 1995, the year Ajax won the Champions League, the Dutch national team was almost entirely composed of Ajax players, with Edwin van der Sar in goal ; players such as Michael Reiziger, Frank de Boer, and Danny Blind in defense ; Ronald de Boer, Edgar Davids, and Clarence Seedorf in midfield ; and Patrick Kluivert and Marc Overmars in attack.

The Boer quest for independence manifested in a tradition of declaring republics, which predates the arrival of the British ; when the British arrived, Boer republics had already been declared and were in rebellion from the VOC ( Dutch East India Company ).

Not all of those executed were leaders: Willie Pearse described himself as " a personal attaché to my brother, Patrick Pearse "; John MacBride had not even been aware of the Rising until it began, but had fought against the British in the Boer War fifteen years before ; Thomas Kent did not come out at all — he was executed for the killing of a police officer during the raid on his house the week after the Rising.

Further purification is effected by a chemical transport reaction developed by Arkel and de Boer: In a closed vessel, hafnium reacts with iodine at temperatures of 500 ° C, forming hafnium ( IV ) iodide ; at a tungsten filament of 1700 ° C the reverse reaction happens, and the iodine and hafnium are set free.

Girls and women knitted socks, sweaters, scarves, mittens, gloves, and hats for soldiers in Crimea, the American Civil War, and the Boer Wars ; this practice continued in World War I, World War II and the Korean War, and continues for soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan.

* Orange Free State, a 19th century Boer republic ; later province of South Africa

The Boer republics were merged into Union of South Africa in 1910 ; it had internal self-government but its foreign policy was controlled by London and it was an integral part of the British Empire.

From 2006 to 2010 the head of the secretariat was Yvo de Boer ; on May 17, 2010 his successor, Christiana Figueres from Costa Rica has been named.

; 1899: The Second Boer War is fought between the British Empire and the two independent Boer republics.

* 1900 – The Battle of Elands River during the Second Boer War ends after a 13-day siege is lifted by the British.

The Boer nation is mainly descended from Dutch, German and French Huguenots, who migrated to South Africa during the 17th, 18th and early 19th centuries.

Boer is the specific ethnic group within the larger Afrikaans speaking population.

The BCVO ( Movement for Christian-National Education ) is a federation of 47 Calvinist private schools, primarily in the Free State and the Transvaal, committed to educating Boer children from grade 0 through to 12.

* 1902 – Second Boer War: Harry ' Breaker ' Harbord Morant is executed in Pretoria.

* 1900 – The Second Boer War: The 118-day " Siege of Ladysmith " is lifted.

The Krugerrand is so named because the obverse, designed by Otto Schultz, bears the face of Boer statesman Paul Kruger, four-term president of the old South African Republic.

A treaty was signed at Aliwal in 1869 between the British and the Boer defining the boundaries of the protectorate, the arable land west of the Caledon River remained in Boer hands and is referred to as the Lost or Conquered Territory.

* M is Muziek, Monoloog en Moord ( 1993 ) ( text by Lodewijk de Boer ) Music theatre work

During the Second Boer War, a Boer force attempting to sneak up on the Royal Canadian Dragoons was defeated after their movements startled the nearby springbok, thus alerting the Canadian sentries, which is why the Dragoons have the springbok as their cap badge and as their mascot.

** Second Boer War: The British House of Commons ' vote of censure over the British government's handling of the war is defeated.

* February 15 – Second Boer War: The Siege of Kimberley is lifted.

The current official version is the 1932 arrangement by Walther Boer.

The conflict is commonly referred to as The Boer War but is also known as the South African War outside South Africa, the Anglo-Boer War among most South Africans, and in Afrikaans as the Anglo-Boereoorlog or Tweede Vryheidsoorlog (" Second War of Liberation " or lit.

One strong argument is that Lansdowne, Secretary of State for War, did not believe the Boers were preparing for war, and also believed that if Britain were to send large numbers of troops, it would strike too aggressive a posture and so prevent a negotiated settlement being reached or even encourage a Boer attack.

It is best known internationally for the Siege of Mafeking, the most famous engagement of the Second Boer War.

Dennis Nicolaas Bergkamp (; born 10 May 1969 ) was a Dutch professional footballer and now is the assistant manager to Frank de Boer at Ajax.

In contemporary South Africa and due to Broederbond propaganda, Boer and Afrikaner have been used interchangeably despite the fact that the Boers are the smaller segment within the Afrikaner designation as the Afrikaners of Cape Dutch origin are larger.

De Krisgsgevangenewas, a censored Dutch newspaper, was published for Boer prisoners from 1901.

After the retreat of Mzilikazi's Ndebele, many Boer farmers trekked across the Vaal and occupied parts of the Transvaal, bringing with them the laws of their Dutch forebears.

* May 27 – Wubbo de Boer, Dutch civil servant

* Dutch — Boer, Eduard de ( a. k. a. Alexander Comitas ): Pierrot: Scherzo for String Orchestra ( 1992 ).

He even entertained a peace treaty proposed by Botha and the other Boer leaders that would have maintained the sovereignty of the South African Republican and the Orange Free State while requiring them to sign a perpetual treaty of alliance with the UK and grant major concessions to the UK such as equal rights for English with Dutch in their countries, voting rights for Uitlanders, and a customs and railway union with the Cape Colony and Natal, although he knew the government in the UK would reject the offer.

* The Republic of the Orange Free State ( Dutch: Oranje-Vrijstaat ) was an independent Boer republic in southern Africa during the second half of the 19th century, and later a British colony and a province of the Union of South Africa.

The first " Commando Law " was instated by the original Dutch East India Company chartered settlements and similar laws were maintained through the independent Boer Orange Free State and South African Republic.

There were thus now three Dutch Reformed Churches in South Africa — the Afrikaner Nederduits Gereformeerde Kerk ( the Cape Synod ), the Boer Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk, which was the State Church of the South African Republic, and the Boer Gereformeerde Kerk, the smallest of the three, led by Rev.

Three years later Adriann Boer, Ernest Loeb, Johan Huijsen and others founded the Dutch Club for Art Photography ( Nederlandsche Club voor Foto-Kunst ), which amassed an important collection of pictorial photography now housed at Leiden University.

The Bond, on its side, sought to draw closer to Het Volk, the Boer organization in the Transvaal, and similar bodies, and at its 1906 congress, held in March that year at Ceres, a resolution with that aim was passed, the design being to unify, in accordance with the original conception of the Bond, Dutch sentiment and action throughout South Africa.

After the war, there was a general reconciliation between Afrikaners and Britain, culminating in the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910, under the leadership of former Boer fighters such as Louis Botha and Jan Smuts ( who was of Cape Dutch origin fighting on the side of the Boers ).

Stellaland, officially known as the Republic of Stellaland ( Dutch: Republiek Stellaland ) from 1882 – 1883 and, after unification with the neighbouring State of Goshen, as the United States of Stellaland ( Dutch: Verenigde Staten van Stellaland ) from 1883 – 1885, was a Boer republic located in an area of Bechuanaland, west of the Transvaal.