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Bolesław I Chrobry ( aka Bolesław I the Brave or the Valiant ) () ( 967 – 17 June 1025 ), in the past also known as Bolesław I the Great ( Wielki ), was a Duke of Poland in 992 – 1025 and the first King of Poland from 19 April 1025 until his death.
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Bolesław and I
Casimir is the only Polish king who both received and kept the title of the Great in Polish history ( Bolesław I Chrobry is also called the Great, but his title Chrobry ( Valiant ) is now more common ).
This view is based on the fact that Thietmar of Merseburg in his chronicles named Gunzelin, Gunther's son, brother of Bolesław I the Brave, Dobrawa's son.
Currently, historians believed that Gunzelin and Bolesław I are in fact cousins or brothers-in-law.
# Bolesław I the Brave ( Chrobry ) ( b. 967-d. 17 June 1025 ).
Also, it is unclear why the document does not mention Mieszko's eldest son, Bolesław I the Brave.
Attempts to conquer Prussian land began in 997, when Bolesław I Chrobry, at the urging of the Pope, sent a contingent of soldiers and a missionary ( Adalbert of Prague ) to the pagan Prussians on a crusade of conquest and conversion.
Dark pink area represents Poland at end of rule of Mieszko I of Poland | Mieszko I ( 992 ); light pink area added ( northwest lost ) during reign of Bolesław I the Brave | Bolesław I ( died 1025 ).
Mieszko's son Bolesław I Chrobry established a Polish Church province, pursued territorial conquests and was officially crowned in 1025, becoming the first King of Poland.
This was followed by a collapse of the monarchy and restoration under Casimir I. Casimir's son Bolesław II the Bold became fatally involved in a conflict with the ecclesiastical authority, and was expelled from the country.
At the age of twelve, Hedwig married Henry I the Bearded, son and heir of the Piast duke Bolesław I the Tall of Silesia.
He was the second son of Bolesław I the Brave, but the eldest born from his third wife Emmilda, daughter of Dobromir, possible ruler of Lusatia.
It is thought that the choice of this name for his son was an expression of warming relations between Bolesław I and his stepmother Oda.
Since Mieszko II was politically active before his father's death, Bolesław I the Brave appointed him as his successor.
A few months later Bolesław I the Brave paid homage in person.
Another hypothesis assumes that the territories were transferred by Bolesław I to him, and as a result made Mieszko a vassal of the Empire.
Probably after the wedding, and in accordance with prevailing custom, Bolesław I gave a separate district to Mieszko II to rule: Kraków.
He was released only after the intervention of the Emperor, who, despite the planned betrayal of Bolesław I, loyally acted on behalf of his vassal.
Bolesław and Chrobry
* 1025 – Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland.
The congress was organized by Polish king Bolesław Chrobry and Holy Roman Emperor Otto III, and also led to the establishment of bishoprics in Kraków and Wrocław, connecting the territories of the Polish state.
In 1013 Bolesław Chrobry removed his troops from Pomerania in face of war with Holy Roman Emperor Henry III.
Subsequent loss of the region by Mieszko's son Bolesław Chrobry suggests that the conquest was difficult and the hold over that territory rather tenuous.
There is also a theory according to which during this transition period Lesser Poland was governed by Bolesław Chrobry, whose authority was granted to him by the Bohemian duke.
# Bolesław I the Brave ( Chrobry ) ( b. 967 – d. 17 June 1025 ).
Monument of Mieszko I and Bolesław Chrobry, Golden Chapel in Archicathedral Basilica, Poznań
Tomb of Mieszko I and Bolesław Chrobry in catedral church in Poznań
The Congress of Gniezno ( with Bolesław I Chrobry ) is part of his pilgrimage.
* April 18 – Bolesław I Chrobry is crowned as the first king of Poland.
* June 17 – Bolesław I Chrobry, King of Poland
When Otto III reached is majority he again took to the field against the Lutici in the fall of 995, aided by the Polish Duke Bolesław I Chrobry.
Bolesław I Chrobry as imagined by Jan Matejko
Bolesław Chrobry Denarius of from XI century with latin name Princes Polonie.
Statue of Bolesław I Chrobry at Wrocław
Statue of Bolesław I Chrobry at Gniezno, by Jerzy Sobocinski
Bolesław I Chrobry entering conquered Kiev.
Bolesław and Brave
Thus Bolesław the Brave might have received Kraków as his part of his father's legacy before the Dagome iudex had been written.
Bolesław I the Brave died on 17 June 1025.
Bolesław I the Brave left to his son an unstable Kingdom, who had to defended his autonomy and position among the neighbors rulers.
Mieszko II was not only imprisoned but also castrated, which was to be a punishment to Bolesław I the Brave, who blinded Duke Boleslaus III the Red ( Oldřich's brother ) thirty years before.
A member of the Piast dynasty, he was son of Siemomysł ; grandchild of Lestek ; father of Bolesław I the Brave, the first crowned King of Poland ; likely father of Świętosława ( Sigrid ), a Nordic Queen ; and grandfather of her son, Cnut the Great.
In 1836 – 1837 a cenotaph was built for Mieszko I and his successor Bolesław I the Brave in the Golden Chapel () at the Poznań Cathedral, where the damaged remains found in the 14th century tomb of Bolesław were placed.
They were probably his sons: Bolesław I the Brave, Mieszko and Lambert.
One of the most important events in those times was the foundation of the Diocese of Wrocław by the Polish Duke ( from 1025 king ) Bolesław the Brave in 1000, which, together with the Bishoprics of Kraków and Kołobrzeg, was placed under the Archbishopric of Gniezno in Greater Poland, founded by Otto III in 1000.
* February 9 – Boleslaus III of Bohemia is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I the Brave of Poland.
Bolesław I the Brave, Painting by Aleksander Lesser .
Probably already in 1000 during the Congress of Gniezno, was made an agreement between Bolesław I the Brave and Emperor Otto III.
Bolesław I the Brave died on 17 June 1025.
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