Mostly the scene was crowded with mourners, such as the dramatic Dell'Arca Lamentation in Bologna, where the grief-stricken spectators had usurped Mary's last poignant moment.

The short-lived Bolognese Republic, proclaimed in 1796 as a French client republic in the Central Italian city of Bologna, had a government consisting of nine consuls and its head of state was the Presidente del Magistrato, i. e., chief magistrate, a presiding office held for four months by one of the consuls.

As noted above, Bologna already had Consuls at some parts of its Medieval history.

But two years before this he had already received the prize at the Conservatorio of Bologna for his cantata Il pianto d ' Armonia sulla morte d ’ Orfeo.

Meanwhile Rome had drifted further into reaction, and Contarini died while legate at Bologna, at a time when the Inquisition had driven many of his friends and fellows in conviction into exile.

The main effect of the bull was to evict Jews who had returned to areas of the Papal States ( mainly Umbria ) after 1586 ( following their expulsion in 1569 ) and to expel Jewish communities from cities like Bologna ( which had been incorporated under papal dominion since 1569 ).

He had previously served as governor of Bologna and as archbishop of Rossano, and was for many years nuncio to Spain ; his election to the papacy was largely backed by the Spanish faction.

While leftists had mostly fled to France, many neofascist activists involved in the strategy of tension, such as Vincenzo Vinciguerra or Stefano Delle Chiaie, fled to Spain ; Delfo Zorzi, condemned for the Piazza Fontana bombing, was granted asylum and citizenship in Japan, while others fled to Argentina ( in particular Augusto Canchi, wanted by Italian justice for his role in the 1980 Bologna massacre ).

In 1541, while in Bologna, Vesalius uncovered the fact that all of Galen's research had been based upon animal anatomy rather than the human ; since dissection had been banned in ancient Rome, Galen had dissected Barbary Apes instead, and argued that they would be anatomically similar to humans.

The king of Spain wrote to his ambassador at Rome " that His Holiness had hitherto played a double game and that all his zeal to drive the French from Italy had been only a mask "; this reproach seemed to receive some confirmation when Leo held a secret conference with Francis at Bologna in December 1515.

He had won a public disputation at Augsburg in 1514, defending the lawfulness of putting out capital at interest ; again at Bologna in 1515, on the same subject and on the question of predestination ; and these triumphs had been repeated at Vienna in 1516.

On 23 July 1431, his legate Giuliano Cesarini opened the council, which had been convoked by Martin V, but, distrustful of its purposes and emboldened by the small attendance, the pope issued a bull on 18 December 1431 that dissolved the council and called a new one to meet in eighteen months at Bologna.

Although little direct confirmation of the theory exists, a Stuttgart inventory from 1589 mentions two cornetts pitched ‘ two tones lower than the treble cornett ’ ( see Spielmann ), and the civic ensemble of Bologna had positions for both cornetto di soprano and cornetto di contralto ( see Gambassi ).

The University of Padua ( the second in Italy, after Bologna ) was founded in 1222, and as it flourished in the 13th century Padua outpaced Bologna, where no effort had been made to expand the revival of classical precedents beyond the field of jurisprudence, to become a center of early humanist researches, with a first-hand knowledge of Roman poets that was unrivalled in Italy or beyond the Alps.

After studies in Bologna, where his father lived in exile after a Ghibelline coup in Buggiano, the family returned to Buggiano, which had become more securely part of the Republic of Florence.

In addition, the church of San Domenico in Bologna had a German sculpted pietà.

Cranach had two sons, both artists: Hans Cranach, whose life is obscure and who died at Bologna in 1537 ; and Lucas Cranach the Younger, born in 1515, who died in 1586.

Like many other architects, Vignola submitted his plans for completing the facade of San Petronio, Bologna.

Although Gregory was sick, he managed to advise the envoy of the situation, and asked him to take a letter to the emperor outlining Lothair ’ s attacks on the Church, which they managed to get past Lothair ’ s troops at Bologna.

He appointed his illegitimate son Giacomo, born to his mistress at Bologna before his papacy, castellan of Sant ' Angelo and Gonfalonier of the Church ; Venice, anxious to please, enrolled him among its nobles.

The phrases used are " churches of God in the eastern region " and " the eastern churches " ( to the Flemish ), " liberation of the Church " ( to Bologna ), " liberating Christianity Christianitatis " ( to Vallombrosa ), and " the Asian church " ( to the Catalonian counts ).

In 1536 he was created cardinal-bishop of Palestrina by Pope Paul III, by whom he was employed on several important legations, notably as Paul's legate and first president of the Council of Trent ( 1545-47 ) and then at Bologna ( 1547-48 ), distinguishing himself as a brilliant canonist ( expert in Church law ) rather than as a theologian.

During this Avignon Papacy, local despots took advantage of the absence of the popes, to establish themselves in nominally papal cities: the Pepoli in Bologna, the Ordelaffi in Forlì, the Manfredi in Faenza, the Malatesta in Rimini all gave nominal acknowledgement to their papal overlords and were declared vicars of the Church.

Like the other early medieval universities ( Bologna, Oxford, Salamanca, Cambridge, Padua ), the University of Paris was already well established before it received a specific foundation act from the Church in 1200.

The parade ends at the St. Catherine of Bologna Church Parish Center, where the celebration continues with live music and entertainment for the whole family

In Bologna itself, citizens and the Catholic Church opposed such developments successfully.

Intended for the Church by his mother, he was named a papal protonotary at the age of ten and in 1477 he went to Bologna to study canon law.

Born near Płock, after studying at Kraków's Jagiellonian University and at Padua and Bologna, he entered the Roman Catholic Church.

Rainaldi was also active in Bologna, where he designed the vaulting to cover the vast and ambitious church of San Petronio ( finished on-site by Francesco Martini ), and designed the Church of Santa Lucia ( 1623 ).

He was born and died in Bologna, and is buried in the Church of Saint Martin there.

The programs of the Institute of Church Music were changed to the beginning of the winter term 2008 / 09 and until the winter term of 1010 / 2011 all programs have to be adapted to the Bologna process.

His Adoration in the Church of Santa Maria Maggiore, Bologna, is not only his masterpiece but an excellent piece of vigorous painting.

Her remains are in Bologna, Italy, at the Church of San Sigismondo, beneath the wax effegy of her likeness.

* August 2 – A terrorist bombing at the railway station in Bologna, Italy kills 85 people and wounds more than 200.

The opera quickly became popular throughout Italy and productions were soon mounted by the following companies: The Teatro di San Carlo ( 14 March 1896, with Elisa Petri as Musetta and Antonio Magini-Coletti as Marcello ); The Teatro Comunale di Bologna ( 4 November 1896, with Amelia Sedelmayer as Musetta and Umberto Beduschi as Rodolfo ); The Teatro Costanzi ( 17 November 1896, with Maria Stuarda Savelli as Mimì, Enrico Giannini-Grifoni as Rodolfo, and Maurizio Bensaude as Marcello ); La Scala ( 15 March 1897, with Angelica Pandolfini as Mimì, Camilla Pasini as Musetta, Fernando De Lucia as Rodolfo, and Edoardo Camera as Marcello ); La Fenice ( 26 December 1897, with Emilia Merolla as Mimì, Maria Martelli as Musetta, Giovanni Apostolu and Franco Mannucci as Rodolfo, and Ferruccio Corradetti as Marcello ); Teatro Regio di Parma ( 29 January 1898, with Solomiya Krushelnytska as Mimì, Lina Cassandro as Musetta, Pietro Ferrari as Rodolfo, and Pietro Giacomello as Marcello ); And the Teatro Donizetti di Bergamo ( 21 August 1898, with Emilia Corsi as Mimì, Annita Barone as Musetta, Giovanni Apostolu as Rodolfo, and Giovanni Roussel as Marcello ).

Stefano Benni ( born August 12, 1947 in Bologna ) is an Italian satirical writer, poet and journalist.

P2 members Gelli and the head of the secret service Pietro Musumeci were condemned for attempting to mislead the police investigation of the Bologna massacre on August 2, 1980, which killed 85 people and wounded more than 200.

August Ludwig von Rochau tra radicalismo e nazional-liberalismo, il Mulino, Bologna 2009

* August 2, 1980: Bologna bombing-85 killed

As of August 1, 2005, the University complies with the standards of the Europe-wide Bologna Process and offers Bachelor, Master, Licenciate, and Doctoral degrees.

Giambologna, born as Jean Boulogne, incorrectly known as Giovanni da Bologna and Giovanni Bologna ( 1529 – 13 August 1608 ), was a sculptor, known for his marble and bronze statuary in a late Renaissance or Mannerist style.

Returning to Bologna, he issued the document, Gravi qua premor ( 21 August 1316 ), which, together with several other ordinances regarding the matter of poverty, induced John XXII to publish the Bull, Quorumdam exigit ( 7 October 1317 ) whose purpose was to explain the decretals of Nicholas III, Exiit qui seminat ( 13 August 1279 ), and of Clement V, Exivi de paradiso ( 6 May 1312 ).

Edgardo Levi Mortara ( Bologna, Papal States, August 27, 1851 – Liège, Belgium, March 11, 1940 ) was an Italian boy who became the center of an international controversy when he was removed from his Jewish parents by authorities of the Papal States and raised as a Catholic.

* 2009: Bologna ( March ), Vienna ( August )

Much later, after his adventures in England, ( until August 9, 1785 ), Miranda went to Venice, Padua, Verona, Mantua, Parma, Modena, Bologna, Florence, Pisa, Lucca, Livorno, Rome and Naples, ( from November 12, 1785 to around March 16, 1786 ).

It was not until 28 August — when he saw a captured copy of Leese's order of the day to his army prior to the attack — that Kesselring realised that a major offensive was in progress, and three divisions of reinforcements were ordered from Bologna to the Adriatic front, still needing at least two days to get into position.

Oppeln ), Upper Silesia – d. 15 August 1257, in Kraków, Poland of natural causes ) was educated in Paris and Bologna.

Franco Mimmi ( born 15 August 1942 in Bologna, Italy ) is an Italian journalist and novelist.

Cesare Borgia, acting as Gonfalonier of the Papal armies, had expelled the Bentivoglio family from Bologna, which they had ruled as a fief, and was well on his way towards establishing a permanent Borgia state in the region when Alexander died on 18 August 1503.

Born in Euratsfeld, Lower Austria, to August and Mathilde Mock, he studied law at the University of Vienna and later international law in Bologna and Brussels.

Italy: Bologna, Parco nord-30th August, 1990

Piero Drogo ( born in Vignale Monferrato, Alessandria, August 8, 1926-died in Bologna, April 28, 1973 ) was a racing driver and coachbuilder from Italy.

* August 2 – Bologna bombing: a terrorist bomb explodes at Bologna Central Station in Italy, killing 85.

He made his Serie A debut on 30 August 2008 in a 2 – 1 loss to Bologna.