Under these circumstances, Horatio Nelson's victory of Aboukir ( 1 August 1798 ), which gave the British full command of the Mediterranean and isolated < span lang =" fr "> Bonaparte </ span > in Egypt, was the signal for a second coalition.

Several times throughout the novel, Raskolnikov justifies his actions by connecting himself mentally with Napoleon Bonaparte, believing that murder is permissible in pursuit of a higher purpose.

The ensuing French leader, Napoleon Bonaparte, conquered and enforced reforms through war up to 1815.

When Napoleon Bonaparte escaped from his enforced exile on the island of Elba, among other steps that the delegates of the European the powers at the Congress of Vienna took was to issue a statement on 13 March 1815 declaring Napoleon Bonaparte to be an outlaw.

The absence of the king from the throne ( replaced by the French Joseph Bonaparte ) and the new ideas of he Enlightenment sparked the Spanish American wars of independence, between patriots ( who wanted to establish republics or constitutional monarchies ) and royalists ( who wanted to keep an absolute monarchy ).

After the war, when Ferdinand VII returned to Spain, he annulled the constitution in the Manifest of Valencia, and became an absolute king, governing by decrees and restoring the Spanish Inquisition, abolished by Joseph Bonaparte, brother of Napoleon.

* 1802 – Napoleon Bonaparte signs a general amnesty to allow all but about one thousand of the most notorious émigrés of the French Revolution to return to France, as part of a reconciliary gesture with the factions of the Ancien Regime and to eventually consolidate his own rule.

Basque through his father, Abbadie developed a particular interest about the Basque Language after meeting the Prince Louis Lucien Bonaparte in London.

* April 26 – A general amnesty signed by Napoleon Bonaparte allows all but about 1, 000 of the most notorious émigrés of the French Revolution to return to France, as part of a reconciliary gesture to make peace with the various factions of the Ancien Regime that ultimately consolidates his own rule.

The French Academy of Sciences used Borda's method to elect its members for about two decades until it was quashed by Napoleon Bonaparte who insisted that his own method be used after he became president of the Académie in 1801.

Hortense de Beauharnais gave birth to three sons which were officially claimed by Louis Bonaparte, despite his own doubts about their paternity:

Louis-Napoléon also harboured a lifelong suspicion about his legitimacy, although most historians have concluded that he was conceived by Louis Bonaparte and Hortense.

He returned to France in the autumn of 1799 and helped bring about the reconciliation which then took place between Bonaparte and his mother, torn apart by each other's affairs.

Knowing Desaix was approaching, Bonaparte was anxious about a column of Ott ’ s soldiers marching from the north, so he deployed his Consular Guard infantry to delay it.

Ott arrived from Montebello on 12 June, increasing the Austrian force to 30, 000 fit troops, who faced a French force about two thousand weaker under Bonaparte, which arrived at Sale on 13 June.

It took Bonaparte ( 5 kilometers away from Marengo ) until about 10 am to recognize that the Austrian activity was not a diversionary attack to cover the anticipated retreat by Melas.

He has written poetry, a book about poetry, and several historical and political essays, along with a study of Napoleon Bonaparte.

Napoleon Bonaparte, with whom Tone had several interviews about this time, was much less disposed than Hoche had been to undertake in earnest an Irish expedition ; and when the rebellion broke out in Ireland in 1798 he had started for Egypt.

In the so-called " Instructions " that Bonaparte gave to Kleber after departure, Napoleon wrote that he had already bought from Syrian merchants about 2, 000 Mamluks with whom he intended to form a special detachment.

On May 20, 1805, Napoleon Bonaparte, about to be crowned King of Italy, ordered the façade to be finished.

Bonaparte then set about studying the ornithology of the United States and updating Wilson's American Ornithology, and the revised edition was published between 1825 and 1833.

After three sharp defeats, even Bonaparte " became very despondent about his chances of survival.

Trying to inspire his men to attack, Bonaparte grabbed a flag and stood in the open on the dike " about 55 paces " from the bridge.

At midnight, worried that Davidovich was about to fall upon his rear, Bonaparte withdrew Guieu from Arcole and pulled most of his troops back across the Adige.

On 19 November, Davidovich heard of the Austrian defeat at Arcole and detected signs that Bonaparte was about to fall upon him in full force.

A new article about the Turk did not turn up until 1899, when The American Chess Magazine published an account of the Turk's match with Napoleon Bonaparte.

* Bonaparte Wyse Waterford Museum of Treasures in " Ask about Ireland "

Schill planned to create an uprising in Westphalia that would topple the Bonaparte regime there, and – coupled with the efforts of Austria, Spain, and Britain – would bring about the fall of Napoleonic dominance in Germany.

Plantard originally claimed these genealogies had been compiled by a Doctor Hervé and Abbé Pichon ( 1828 – 1905 ), originally at the request of Napoleon Bonaparte, who found out about the Merovingian survival from Abbé Sieyrès.

Just about any ornithologist active in the United States during the first half of the 19th century, including John James Audubon, William Bartram, Charles Lucien Bonaparte, John Cassin, Thomas Nuttall, George Ord, John Kirk Townsend, and Alexander Wilson ( the " father " of American ornithology ), either operated out of or worked closely with The Academy of Natural Sciences.

The destination of the expedition was kept top secret ; most of the army's officers did not know of its target, and Bonaparte himself did not publicly reveal his goal until the first stage of the expedition was complete.

Ostensibly Napoleon Bonaparte ( born as Nabulione Buonaparte ) was born at Ajaccio in the same year as the Battle of Ponte Novu, 1769.

* The house in which Napoleon Bonaparte was born in 1769 is preserved as Casa Buonaparte, and his associations with the town are everywhere emphasized by street-names and statues.

In 1797 he was sent to arrest the victorious march of General Bonaparte in Italy, and he conducted the retreat of the over-matched Austrians with the highest skill.

The battle was the climax of a naval campaign that had ranged across the Mediterranean during the previous three months, as a large French convoy sailed from Toulon to Alexandria, carrying an expeditionary force under General Napoleon Bonaparte.

Bonaparte had sought to invade Egypt, as the first step in a campaign against British India whose ultimate aim was to drive Britain out of the French Revolutionary Wars.

The French Directory agreed with Bonaparte's plans, although a major factor in their decision was a desire to see the politically ambitious Bonaparte and the fiercely loyal veterans of his Italian campaigns as far from France as possible.

Bonaparte demanded that his fleet be permitted entry to the fortified harbour of Valletta, and when the demand was refused the French general responded by ordering a large scale invasion of the Maltese Islands, overrunning the defenders after 24 hours of skirmishing.

While Bonaparte was sailing to Malta, the Royal Navy re-entered the Mediterranean for the first time in over a year.

Bonaparte had ordered the fleet to anchor in Aboukir Bay, a shallow and exposed anchorage, but had supplemented the orders with the suggestion that if Aboukir Bay was too dangerous Brueys could sail north to Corfu, leaving only the transports and a handful of lighter warships at Alexandria.

It is possible that Bonaparte envisaged Aboukir Bay as a temporary anchorage: on 27 July he expressed the expectation that Brueys had already transferred his ships to Alexandria and three days later issued orders for the fleet to make for Corfu in preparation for naval operations against the Ottoman territories in the Balkans, although the courier carrying the instructions was intercepted and killed by Bedouin partisans.

A more pressing problem for Brueys was a lack of food and water for the fleet: Bonaparte had unloaded almost all of the provisions carried aboard and no supplies were reaching the ships from the shore.

One account reports that when he was handed the message, Bonaparte read it without emotion before calling the messenger to him and demanding further details.

Another story, as told by the general's secretary Bourienne claims that Bonaparte was almost overcome by the news and exclaimed " Unfortunate Brueys, what have you done!

" Bonaparte later placed much the blame for the defeat on the wounded Admiral Blanquet, falsely accusing him of surrendering Franklin while his ship was undamaged.

When they replied that they were " marvellous ", Bonaparte responded that it was just as well, since he would have them shot if they continued " fostering mutinies and preaching revolt.

Rumours of a battle first appeared in the French press as early as 7 August, although credible reports did not arrive until 26 August, and even these claimed that Nelson was dead and Bonaparte a British prisoner.

The Ottomans, with whom Bonaparte had hoped to conduct an alliance once his control of Egypt was complete, were encouraged by the Battle of the Nile to go to war with France.

Without their best general and his veterans, the French suffered a series of defeats and it was not until Bonaparte returned to become First Consul that France once again held a position of strength on mainland Europe.

As it was, Bonaparte was free to continue the war in the Middle East and later to return to Europe personally unscathed.

Between the years 1852 and 1870 there was a Second French Empire, again a member of the Bonaparte dynasty would rule ; Napoleon III of France the son of Louis Bonaparte.