In 1392 he entered the service of Pope Boniface IX, first working in Bologna and then in Rome.

Pope Boniface IX ( c. 1350 – 1 October 1404 ), born Piero Tomacelli, was the second Roman Pope of the Western Schism, from 2 November 1389 until his death.

During his reign, Boniface IX finally extinguished the troublesome independence of the commune of Rome and established temporal control, though it required fortifying not only the Castel Sant ' Angelo, but the very bridges, and for long seasons he was forced to live in more peaceful surroundings at Assisi or Perugia.

In the Papal States, Boniface IX gradually regained control of the chief castles and cities, and he re-founded the States as they would appear during the fifteenth century.

Over the next few years, Boniface IX was entreated to abdicate, even by his strongest supporters: King Richard II of England ( in 1396 ), the Diet of Frankfurt ( in 1397 ), and King Wenceslaus of Germany ( at Reims, 1398 ).

During the reign of Boniface IX two jubilees were celebrated at Rome.

Pope Boniface IX remained in the city nonetheless.

For a while, as the White Penitents approached Rome, gaining adherents along the way, Boniface IX and the Curia supported their penitential enthusiasm, but when they reached Rome, Boniface IX had their leader burnt at the stake, and they soon dispersed.

" Boniface IX gradually discountenanced these wandering crowds, an easy prey of agitators and conspirators, and finally dissolved them ", as the Catholic Encyclopedia reports.

Boniface IX introduced a revenue known as annates perpetuæ, withholding half the first year's income of every benefice granted in the Roman Court.

Boniface IX was defeated in the face of a unified front, and the long controversy was finally settled to the English king's satisfaction.

In 1403 Boniface IX made the best of it by approving the deposition and recognizing Rupert.

In 1398 and 1399, Boniface IX appealed to Christian Europe in favor of the Byzantine emperor Manuel II Palaeologus, threatened at Constantinople by Sultan Bayezid I, but there was little enthusiasm for a new crusade at such a time.

Saint Birgitta of Sweden was canonized by Pope Boniface IX on 7 October 1391.

Boniface IX died in 1404 after a brief illness.

Boniface IX was a frank politician, strapped for cash like the other princes of Europe, as the costs of modern warfare rose and supporters needed to be encouraged by gifts, for fourteenth-century government depended upon such personal support as a temporal ruler could gather and retain.

All the princes of the late 14th century were accused of avaricious money-grubbing by contemporary critics, but among them contemporaries ranked Boniface IX as exceptional.

Boniface IX certainly provided generously for his mother, his brothers Andrea and Giovanni, and his nephews in the spirit of the day.

In turn, this caused the true eighth Pope Boniface to take the number IX.

Popes Boniface VIII through IX are really the seventh through eighth popes by that name.

fr: Boniface IX

Pope Clement V canonized Celestine in 1313 at the urging of King Philip IV of France, who saw it as an opportunity to demean Pope Boniface VIII, whom Philip despised.

Continued successes saw Gregory write to Boniface in December 724 to offer his congratulations, followed in November 726 by a response to Boniface ’ s questions about how to structure the newly emergent churches in Germany.

The wars continued until the peace of Caltabellotta in 1302, which saw Frederick III recognised as king of the Isle of Sicily, while Charles II was recognised as the king of Naples by Pope Boniface VIII.

When Carloman promised Boniface a synod, he saw an opportunity to address two of his main interests in his reform efforts: to protect church property from a rapacious gentry, and to impose stricter guidelines on the clergy.

This period saw a great growth in book collection and record keeping by the popes who were in residence in southern France in Avignon between the death of Boniface and the 1370s when the Papacy returned to Rome.

But a strong protest from King Edward I saw Pope Boniface refer the case back to English jurisdiction.

What is certain, from statues of Boniface made during his lifetime and which he saw ( and so did not dispute the accuracy of ), is that he wore a two-tiered tiara, so the two-tiered tiara originated no later than his reign.

In 753 Ludger saw the great Apostle of Germany, Saint Boniface, which, together with the subsequent martyrdom of the saint, made a deep impression on him.

After the assassination in 1398 of Biordo Michelotti, who had made himself lord of Perugia, the city became a pawn in the Italian Wars, passing to Gian Galeazzo Visconti ( 1400 ), to Pope Boniface IX ( 1403 ), and to Ladislaus of Naples ( 1408 – 14 ) before it settled into a period of sound governance under the Signoria of the condottiero Braccio da Montone ( 1416 – 24 ), who reached a concordance with the Papacy.

In 1389 the new pope Boniface IX recognized Ladislaus as King of Naples, although he forbade him to unite it with his family lands in Germany and Italy.

Nogaret is hardly an impartial witness, and even he did not make his charges against Boniface until the latter was dead, but there is some truth in what he said and more in what he did not say.

Boniface had to uphold the sacredness of the feudal contract at all costs, for it was only as suzerain of Sicily and of the Patrimony of Peter that he had any justification for his Italian wars, but in the English-Scottish-French triangle it was almost impossible for him to recognize the claims of any one of the contestants without seeming to invalidate those of the other two.

Boniface was later to explain to the English that Robert of Burgundy and Guy De St.-Pol were easy enough to do business with ; ;

Here Alexios III eventually surrendered, with Euphrosyne, to Marquis Boniface of Montferrat, who was establishing himself as ruler of the Kingdom of Thessalonica.

Saint Bruno of Querfurt ( c. 974 – February 14, 1009 ), also known as Brun and Boniface, is a sainted missionary bishop and martyr, who was beheaded near the border of Kievan Rus and Lithuania while trying to spread Christianity in Eastern Europe.

Boniface was from a noble family of Querfurt ( now in Saxony-Anhalt ).

In the course of a plot between Philip of Swabia, Boniface of Montferrat and the Doge of Venice, the Fourth Crusade was, despite papal excommunication, diverted in 1203 against Constantinople, ostensibly promoting the claims of Alexius son of the deposed emperor Isaac.

This was followed by the Liber Sextus ( 1298 ) of Boniface VIII, the Clementines ( 1317 ) of Clement V, the Extravagantes Joannis XXII and the Extravagantes Communes, all of which followed the same structure as the Liber Extra.

Pope Boniface VIII his extraordinary shortness of stature led the pope to believe he was kneeling, and to ask him three times to rise, to the immense merriment of the cardinals ; and that he had a daughter, Novella, so accomplished in law as to be able to read her father's lectures in his absence, and so beautiful, that she had to read behind a curtain lest her face should distract the attention of the students.

The government was taken over by Supreme Court Chief Justice Boniface Alexandre.

* Dreadnought was a 40-gun built in 1553 .< ref > Boniface, Patrick.

Yorke argues that there were two kings of Kent during Eadbald's reign, Eadbald and Æthelwald, and that Æthelwald was the " Aduluald " referred to by Boniface.

Joinville was a close friend, confidant, and counsellor to the king, and also participated as a witness in the papal inquest into Louis ' life that ended with his canonisation in 1297 by Pope Boniface VIII.

She was the daughter of Boniface III, ruler of many counties, among them Reggio, Modena, Mantua, Brescia, and Ferrara.

The last decree ( Senatus consultum ) which the Roman Senate is known to have issued, passed under Boniface II, was directed against simony in papal elections.

His first official act was to burn, in the presence of the assembled clergy, the anathema which Boniface II had pronounced against the latter's deceased rival Dioscurus on a false charge of simony and had ordered to be preserved in the Roman archives.

( Also on this legation was a young diplomat, the future Boniface VIII.

He became pope on 27 October 625, two days after the death of his predecessor, Boniface V. The festival of the Elevation of the Cross is said to have been instituted during the pontificate of Honorius, which was marked also by considerable missionary enterprise.

After his wife's death he became Bishop of Nola, and was invited to help resolve the disputed election of Pope Boniface I.

Among the seven cardinals created by Martin IV was Benedetto Gaetano, who afterwards ascended the papal throne as the famous Pope Boniface VIII.

Boniface VII was excommunicated and unsuccessfully attempted to retake the papacy.

Born in Treviso, he succeeded Pope Boniface VIII, but was unable to carry out his policies.

Benedict XI was a Dominican and when he was made Master of the Order in 1296, he issued ordinances forbidding public questioning of the legitimacy of Boniface VIII's election on the part of any Dominican.