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Book and Mormon
* 1829 – Joseph Smith, Jr., founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, commences translation of the Book of Mormon, with Oliver Cowdery as his scribe.
The Book of Alma () is one of the books that make up the Book of Mormon.
The Book of Alma is the longest of all the books of the Book of Mormon, consisting of 63 chapters.
* The Book of Mormon: The Book of Alma
The Book of Mormon is a sacred text of the Latter Day Saint movement that adherents believe contains writings of ancient prophets who lived on the American continent from approximately 2200 BC to AD 421.
It was first published in March 1830 by Joseph Smith as The Book of Mormon: An Account Written by the Hand of Mormon upon Plates Taken from the Plates of Nephi.
According to Smith's account, and also according to the book's narrative, the Book of Mormon was originally written in otherwise unknown characters referred to as " reformed Egyptian " engraved on golden plates.
The Book of Mormon has a number of original and distinctive doctrinal discussions on subjects such as the fall of Adam and Eve, the nature of the Atonement, eschatology, redemption from physical and spiritual death, and the organization of the latter-day church.
The Book of Mormon is the earliest of the unique writings of the Latter Day Saint movement, the denominations of which typically regard the text not only as scripture but also as a historical record of God's dealings with the ancient inhabitants of the Americas.
The Book of Mormon is divided into smaller books, titled after the individuals named as primary authors and, in most versions, divided into chapters and verses.
The church has an open canon which includes four scriptural texts: the Bible ( both Old and New Testaments ), the Book of Mormon, the Doctrine and Covenants, and the Pearl of Great Price.
Initial converts were drawn to the church in part because of the newly published Book of Mormon, a self-described chronicle of indigenous American prophets that Smith said he had translated from golden plates.
* The Book of Mormon, subtitled since 1981 " Another Testament of Jesus Christ "
* April 6, 1830-When the church was organized, the Bible and Book of Mormon were unanimously accepted as scripture.
" The church teaches that " he most reliable way to measure the accuracy of any biblical passage is not by comparing different texts, but by comparison with the Book of Mormon and modern-day revelations ".
Cover page of The Book of Mormon from an original 1830 edition, by Joseph Smith, Jr. ( Image from the U. S. Library of Congress Rare Book and Special Collections Division.
Latter-day Saints consider The Book of Mormon as a volume of holy scripture comparable to the Bible.
Segments of the Book of Mormon provide an account of the culture, religious teachings and civilizations of groups who immigrated to the New World.
The crowning event recorded in the Book of Mormon is the personal ministry of Jesus Christ among Nephites soon after his resurrection.
The latter segments of the Book of Mormon details the destruction of these civilizations, as all were destroyed except the Lamanites.

Book and linguistic
Mormon studies of reformed Egyptian are necessarily limited to whatever linguistic evidence can be teased from the text of the Book of Mormon plus the extant seven-line " Caractors " document that may be or may not be the symbols said to have been copied from the gold plates.
Recent genetic and linguistic research suggests the interesting possibility that these tribes may have been descended from the first neolithic farmers to reach Ireland ( alluded to in Ireland's allegoric history: The Book of the Taking of Ireland )
Sefer Yetzirah ( Hebrew, Sēpher Yəṣîrâh " Book of Formation ," or " Book of Creation ," ספר יצירה ) is the title of the earliest extant book on Jewish esotericism, although some early commentators treated it as a treatise on mathematical and linguistic theory as opposed to Kabbalah.
In The Fourth Book, perhaps his most satirical, Rabelais criticizes what he perceived as the arrogance and wealth of the Roman Catholic Church, the political figures of the time, and popular superstitions, and he addresses several religious, political, linguistic, and philosophical issues.
The riddles in this book vary in significance from childish rhymes and ribald innuendo, to some particularly interesting insights into the thought world of our archaic linguistic ancestors, such as the following ( Riddle 47 from the Exeter Book ):
" Book details linguistic scholar's role in Ramsey case ".
Both critics and promoters of the Book of Mormon have used linguistic methods to analyze the text.
Critics of Book of Mormon linguistic studies often reject the claims of Mormon scholars on the grounds that the parallels they draw between Book of Mormon and other sources amounts to " parallelomania ", which is defined as the " over use or improper use of parallels in the exposition of a text.
Subsequent to this period, between the 9th and 11th centuries, there arose among the nomadic Turkic peoples of Central Asia a tradition of oral epics, such as the Book of Dede Korkut of the Oghuz Turks — the linguistic and cultural ancestors of the modern Turkish people — and the Manas epic of the Kyrgyz people.
In his Metaphysics ( Book IV ), Aristotle gives the following explication of that linguistic principle which later came to be known as the Law of Identity: “ First then this at least is obviously true, that the word ' be ' or ' not be ' has a definite meaning, so that not everything will be “ so and not so ”.

Book and textual
Most of the textual requirements concerning the Messiah, what he will do, and what will be done during his reign are located within the Book of Isaiah, although requirements are mentioned in other prophets as well.
Traditional Christian thought on the subject points to St. John the Apostle as the author of the Gospel, the three Epistles and the Book of Revelation that bear his name, and there is some internal textual evidence to suggest they may have been authored by the same person ( see textual criticism ).
The sling is mentioned in the Bible, which provides what is believed to be the oldest textual reference to a sling in the Book of Judges, 20: 16.
In the Book of Chronicles, Samuel is described as a Levite, rectifying this situation ; however textual scholars widely see the Book of Chronicles as an attempt to redact the Book ( s ) of Samuel and of Kings to conform to later religious sensibilities.
Since the compilation of the Book of Joshua is regarded by textual scholars as late, probably being due to the deuteronomist, it is possible that the tribal allocations given within it date from after this annexation rather than before.
Evidently the regulations preferring male descendants came to be disregarded in some respects, as the Book of Job, which textual scholars date to the fourth century, states in its epilogue that Job's daughters were given equal inheritance rights to his sons, and the Karaites always gave daughters the same rights as sons.
Simeon is listed in the Book of Joshua, elsewhere in the same Book these towns are ascribed to Judah ; some textual scholars view the Book of Joshua as being spliced together from several different source texts, in this particular case, the lists of towns being different documents, from different periods to each other.
The tribe seems to have dwindled in size, and the size of the tribe dramatically drops by over half between the two census recorded in the Book of Numbers ; although the Bible places these census during the Exodus, textual scholars place them in the period of priestly source, roughly 700-600 BC.
Although some earlier unpublished studies had been prepared, not until the early 1970s was true textual criticism applied to the Book of Mormon.
Rather than waiting for the 50th or 49th year, the Deuteronomic code requires that Hebrew slaves be liberated during their 7th year of service, as does the Covenant Code, which some textual scholars regard as pre-dating the Holiness Code ; the Book of Ezekiel, which some textual scholars also regard as earlier than the Holiness Code, refers to a year of liberty (< big > שנת דרור </ big >), during which property is returned to the original owner ( or their heirs ), but the word < big > דרור </ big > is used by Jeremiah to describe the release of slaves during the Sabbatical year, which various scholars take to imply that Ezekiel must have been referring to the sabbatical year.
Some rabbinic literature attempts to resolve the textual discrepancy in which the Torah lists 34 children of Leah born in Mesopotamia, stating that two were dead, and then immediately states that there were 33 in total, by arguing that the figure referred only to the surviving children, and that Jochebed was the 33rd ; however, since the Book of Numbers describes Jochebed's birth as occurring in Egypt, this necessitated the further rabbinic argument that Jochebed was born exactly on the border of Egypt, in the gateway of the city.
The first Scriptural reference to Urim and Thummim is the description in the Book of Exodus concerning the high priest's vestments ; the chronologically earliest passage mentioning them, according to textual scholars, is in the Book of Hosea, where it is implied, by reference to the Ephod, that the Urim and Thummim were fundamental elements in the popular form of the Israelite religion, in the mid 8th century BC.
This does not necessarily imply that Elisha had sought asylum there from any potential backlash, although the description in the Book of Amos, of the location being a refuge, is dated by textual scholars to be earlier than the accounts of Elisha in the Book of Kings, and according to Strabo it had continued to be a place of refuge until at least the first century.
In addition to the way it recapitulates previous modes of royal representation, Helgerson notes a certain affinity between the textual aesthetics of the “ King ’ s Bookand those of the Counter-Reformation: “ Eikon Basilike drew on a set of culturally conditioned responses against which the new culture of print was defining itself, responses that had previously served Elizabeth and Shakespeare and that even then were serving Counter-Reformation Catholicism.
Though the folios on which the poem is recorded are not subject to any significant damage necessitating reconstruction, its textual problems and, particularly, the grammatical confusion of the first lines of the text, have resulted in widespread postulation that the initial lines of the poem may have been lost prior to its inclusion in the Exeter Book but subsequent to an earlier transcription.
In contrast to numerous scholarly analyses of Joseph Smith's translations of the Book of Mormon and the Book of Abraham that began to appear in the 19th century, explorations of the textual foundations of the JST began in earnest only in the 1960s, with the pioneering work of the RLDS scholar Richard P. Howard and the LDS scholar Robert J. Matthews.

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