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Breton and is
Breton () is a Celtic language spoken in Brittany (; ), France.
Breton is most closely related to Cornish, as both are thought to have evolved from a Southwestern Brythonic protolanguage.
Having declined from more than one million speakers around 1950 to about 200, 000 in the first decade of the 21st century, of whom 61 % are more than 60 years old, Breton is classified as " severely endangered " by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.
Breton is spoken in Lower Brittany, roughly to the west of a line linking Plouha and La Roche-Bernard ( east of Vannes ).
Old Breton is attested from the 9th century.
Today, due to the political centralization of France and the important influence of the media, only about 200, 000 people are able to speak Breton, a figure down from more than a million in 1950, of which the majority is more than 60 years old.
Few of those of the 15-19 year-old age-group spoke Breton, which is now considered to be an endangered language.
There is some original media in Breton.
Today, Breton is the only living Celtic language that is not recognized as an official or regional language.
Breton is spoken mainly in Western Brittany, but also in a more dispersed way in Eastern Brittany ( where Gallo is spoken alongside Breton and French ), and in areas around the world that have Breton immigrants.
Breton is not an official language of France, despite pleas from autonomists and others for official recognition and for the language to be guaranteed a place in schools, the media, and other aspects of public life.
This is an important step in the recognition of Breton and other minority languages of France ; however, it doesn't explicitly give more actual recognition, rights or funds to these languages.
Under French law ( the Toubon Law ), it is illegal for commercial signage to be in Breton alone ; it must be bilingual or else in French alone.
The family transmission of Breton in 1999 is estimated to be only 3 %.
Eventually this song became " Bro goz va zadoù " (" Old land of my fathers ") and is the most widely accepted Breton anthem.
Cape Breton Island (-formerly Île Royale, Scottish Gaelic: Ceap Breatainn or Eilean Cheap Bhreatainn, Míkmaq: Únamakika, simply: Cape Breton ) is an island on the Atlantic coast of North America.
Cape Breton Island is part of the province of Nova Scotia, Canada.

Breton and Brythonic
* British language ( Celtic ), also known as Brythonic, the ancient Celtic language once spoken in Britain, ancestral to Welsh, Cornish and Breton
Musician Alan Stivell uses a similar dichotomy, between the Gaelic ( Irish / Scottish / Manx ) and the Brythonic ( Breton / Welsh / Cornish ) branches, which differentiate " mostly by the extended range ( sometimes more than two octaves ) of Irish and Scottish melodies and the closed range of Breton and Welsh melodies ( often reduced to a half-octave ), and by the frequent use of the pure pentatonic scale in Gaelic music.
These are the Goidelic Irish ( Gaeilge ) and Scottish Gaelic ( Gàidhlig ) descended from Old Irish, and the Brythonic Welsh and Breton descended from the British language.
The people of Dumnonia most probably spoke a Southwestern Brythonic dialect similar to the forerunner of more recent Cornish and Breton.
In Brythonic languages this has yielded Welsh Pasg, Cornish and Breton Pask.
However, Breton and Cornish are Brythonic languages in which Proto-Celtic * k did undergo systematic sound changes into-gh-and-ch -.
Older reference works tend to favour the spelling " Caractacus ", but modern scholars agree, based on historical linguistics and source criticism, that the original Brythonic form was * Caratācos, pronounced, which gives the attested names Caradog in Welsh, Karadeg in Breton and Carthach in Irish.
In Insular Celtic languages, the same root is found in Welsh, Cornish and Breton mab meaning son ( Delamarre 2003 pp. 216-217 ), derived from Common Brythonic * mapos ( identical to Gaulish ).
Cornish being a Brythonic language, such names show some similarity to Welsh and Breton.
In Breton ( which with Welsh and Cornish belongs to the Brythonic branch of Insular Celtic languages ), " on sea " is war vor ( Welsh ar y môr ), though the older form arvor is used to refer to the coastal regions of Brittany, in contrast to argoad ( ar " on / at ", coad " forest " ar goed ( coed " trees ") for the inland regions.
It has been implied by modern scholars that many of the local people spoke the Celtic language now termed Brythonic, called lingua Gallica ( Gaulish ) by the Romans ; this language is ancestral to Welsh, Cornish and Breton.
Llan or Lan is a common place name element in Brythonic languages such as Welsh, Cornish, Breton, Cumbric, and possibly Pictish.
The people of Dumnonia are likely to have spoken a Brythonic dialect similar to the ancestor of modern Cornish and Breton.
What is generally agreed upon by linguists is that Cumbric was a Western Brythonic language, closely related to Welsh and more distantly to Cornish and Breton.
There remain many Brythonic place-names in northern England which should not be described as Cumbric because they originate from a period before Brythonic split into its daughter dialects e. g. Welsh, Cornish, Breton and – arguably – Cumbric.
* The Cornish language ( and Breton ), is descended from the ancient British language ( a. k. a Brythonic ) that was spoken all over what is now the West Country until the West Saxons conquered and settled most of the area.
Lhuyd noted the similarity between the two Celtic language families: Brythonic or P – Celtic ( Breton, Cornish and Welsh ); and Goidelic or Q – Celtic ( Irish, Manx and Scottish Gaelic ).
Cromlech is a Brythonic word ( Breton / Welsh ) used to describe prehistoric megalithic structures, where crom means " bent " or " curved " and llech means " slab " or " flagstone ".
The individual languages vary on the number of mutations available: the Goidelic languages — Scottish Gaelic, Manx and Irish — have two, Welsh and Cornish ( both Brythonic languages ) each have three ( but not the same three ) and Breton ( also a Brythonic language ) has four.
* the Brythonic languages: Breton, Cornish, and Welsh ( another language or dialect, Cumbric, is extinct.

Breton and language
Under the Third, Fourth and Fifth republics, humiliating practices aimed at stamping out the Breton language and culture prevailed in state schools until the late 1960s.
During its 19-year run, Gwalarn tried to raise the language to the level of other great “ international ” languages by creating original works covering all genres and by proposing Breton translations of internationally-recognized foreign works.
Other periodicals appeared and began to give Breton a fairly large body of literature for a minority language.
Ofis Publik ar Brezhoneg, the Breton language agency, was set up in 1999 by the Brittany region to promote and develop the use of Breton
Ofis Publik ar Brezhoneg, the Breton language agency, was set up in 1999 by the Brittany region to promote and develop the use of Breton.
Some 4, 500 to 5, 000 adults followed a Breton language course ( evening course, correspondence, ...) in 2007.
They spoke the now extinct British language, which evolved into the Breton, Cornish, and Welsh languages.
* Dom Louis Le Pelletier, born 1663, linguist of the Breton language
Other examples are the Welsh Saesneg ( the English language ), Irish Sasana ( England ), Breton saoz ( on ) ( English, saozneg " the English language ", Bro-saoz " England "), and Cornish Sowson ( English people ) and Sowsnek ( English language ), as in the famous My ny vynnav kows Sowsnek!
The Old Irish sam (' summer ') is from Proto-Indo-European language ( PIE ) * semo -; cognates are Welsh haf, Breton hañv, English summer and Old Norse language sumar, all meaning ' summer ', and the Sanskrit sáma (" season ").

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