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Britain's and initial
Britain's complex geology has provided it with a wide range of geological resources including abundant supplies of coal, the initial extraction of which powered the Industrial Revolution.
" Britain's initial strategic exclusion of others from northern access to a Persian Gulf port in the creation of Kuwait by treaty as a protected, subsidized client state showed political recognition of the importance of the issue.
In terms of the initial 1931 downturn, historians emphasize structural factors and the stock market crash as well as bank failures, while economists point to Britain's decision to return to the gold standard at pre – World War I parities ($ 10. 98 Pound ).

Britain's and million
* 2006 – At least six men stage Britain's biggest robbery, stealing £ 53m ( about $ 92. 5 million or € 78 million ) from a Securitas depot in Tonbridge, Kent.
A few years on, Britain's population falls to medieval levels, around 4 to 11 million people.
There was also a population explosion in China, doubling to the size of 100 million, and an economic revolution in China that spurred manufacture and production rates which rivaled even Great Britain's coal and iron output in the early Industrial Revolution.
According to Britain's Food Standards Agency, the Indian food industry in the United Kingdom is worth £ 3. 2 billion, accounts for two-thirds of all eating out, and serves about 2. 5 million British customers every week.
With over 91 million passenger entries and exits between April 2010 and March 2011, Waterloo is easily Britain's busiest railway station in terms of passenger throughput.
During her career, she was one of Britain's most successful novelists, selling three million copies of her books, including 10 best-sellers in the last 20 years of her life.
On 3 March 2008, it was reported that Britain's Science and Technology Facilities Council ( STFC ), faced with an £ 80 million shortfall in its budget, was considering withdrawing its planned £ 2. 7 million annual funding of Jodrell Bank's e-MERLIN project.
The Daily Mail was Britain's first daily newspaper aimed at the newly literate " lower-middle class market resulting from mass education, combining a low retail price with plenty of competitions, prizes and promotional gimmicks ", and the first British paper to sell a million copies a day.
In 1815 alone, the Rothschilds provided £ 9. 8 million ( in 1815 currency, about £ 566 million today when using the retail price index, and £ 6. 58 billion when using average earnings ) in subsidy loans to Britain's continental allies.
On 21 February 2007, IVG Immobilien AG and UK investment firm Evans Randall completed their joint purchase of the building for GB £ 630 million, making it Britain's most expensive office building.
The millennium World Cup attracted a record sponsorship of over £ 1 million from Lincoln Financial Group, who had also sponsored Great Britain's Tests against New Zealand the previous autumn.
Much of Britain's yearly civil space budget of £ 268 million was contributed by the Department of Trade and Industry ( until the DTI was broken up in 2007 ) or controlled by the partnership rather than the BNSC, and about three-quarters of that budget flows directly to the European Space Agency.
Farage called this a " misrepresentation ", pointing out that the money had been used to promote UKIP's message and staff salaries, not his own salary, but he welcomed the focus on the issue of MEP expenses, claiming that " ver a five year term each and every one of Britain's 78 MEPs gets about £ 1 million.
The total value of French long-distance trade with Africa, Asia, America and re-exports to the rest of Europe was £ 25 million, whereas Britain's trade amounted to only £ 20 million.
In October 1980, the new Conservative British government wrote off £ 8. 4 million owed but still left the company owing £ 2 million to Britain's Export Credits Guarantee Department.
In 2004, Nationwide overtook the clearing bank Barclays to become Britain's fourth largest mortgage lender, with more than 1 million mortgage customers.
They exited the European Cup in the Second Round with defeat to eventual champions Liverpool ; manager Bob Paisley said that Strachan would become " Britain's first £ 2 million player ", in what was a ( successful ) early attempt at mind games.
Recent programs include What's Your Talent, a local combination of Britain's Got Talent and Show de Calouros ( created and hosted by Silvio Santos during the 1970s ); a Brazilian version of 1 vs. 100 ; an annual telethon, which raised R $ 19 million in 2009 ; Kyle XY ; the reality show Solitary ; Smallville, Grey's Anatomy and De Frente with Gabi, a talk show featuring journalist Marilia Gabriela.
It brought in a top income tax rate of 19s 6d ( 97½ pence in decimal currency ) and added two million to the number of income tax payers ; for the first time in Britain's history the majority of the population was liable to income tax.

Britain's and pound
In 1967 the Holt government made the historic decision not to depreciate the Australian dollar in line with Britain's depreciation of the pound sterling, a custom that Australia had previously always followed, but this decision created considerable dissent within the Coalition ; Country Party leader John McEwen was particularly angered by the move — he saw it as a threat to Australia's balance of payments and feared that it would lead to increased production costs for primary industry.
* January 9 – British Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger introduces an income tax of two shillings to the pound to raise funds for Great Britain's war effort in the Napoleonic Wars.
Following Britain's withdrawal from the gold standard and the devaluation of the pound, interest rates were reduced from 6 % to 1 %.
He wears a small badge in the design of the pound sterling symbol to signify his opposition to any plans for the Euro being adopted as Britain's national currency.
The government was trying to achieve several different, contradictory objectives: trying to maintain Britain's economic position by maintaining the pound on the gold standard, balancing the budget, and providing assistance and relief to tackle unemployment.
The pound could buy two dollars because sterling was kept high by Britain's North Sea oil exports and the importance these exports assumed against high crude oil prices.
As an example of direct intervention to manage currency valuation, in the 20th century Great Britain's central bank, the Bank of England, would sometimes use its reserves to buy large amounts of pound Sterling to prevent it falling in value-Black Wednesday was a case where it had insufficient reserves of foreign currency to do this successfully.
Great Britain's early use of the silver standard is still reflected in the name of its currency, the pound sterling, which traces its origins to before the Middle Ages ( see Anglo-Saxon pound ), when King Offa of Mercia introduced the silver penny, which copied the denarius of Charlemagne's Frankish Empire.

Britain's and grant
However, the BOT was unwilling to grant Caledonian the requested tax exemption and was instead assisting Vickers in selling it the Super VC10, the stretched version of the original " standard " VC10 and Britain's answer to the all-American 707 and DC-8.
That decision was the subject of an inquiry by a committee of Parliament, and the grant of planning permission by Westminster City Council for refurbishment works was challenged in judicial review proceedings by the conservation group SAVE Britain's Heritage.

Britain's and which
Not only was his Belgian nationality interesting because of Belgium's occupation by Germany ( which provided a valid explanation of why such a skilled detective would be out of work and available to solve mysteries at an English country house ), but also at the time of Christie's writing, it was considered patriotic to express sympathy with the Belgians, since the invasion of their country had constituted Britain's casus belli for entering World War I, and British wartime propaganda emphasized the " Rape of Belgium ".
In Europe, the major source for tin was Great Britain's deposits of ore in Cornwall, which were traded as far as Phoenicia in the Eastern Mediterranean.
The country has a multi-party system in which many of its legislative practices derive from the unwritten conventions of and precedents set by Great Britain's Westminster Parliament.
In January, 1947, fear of Soviet and American intentions led to a secret meeting of senior cabinet ministers, where it was decided to press ahead with the development of Britain's independent nuclear deterrent, an issue which later caused a split in the Labour Party.
The 2010 general election resulted in a hung parliament ( Britain's first for 36 years ), following which the Conservatives ( led by David Cameron ), which had won the largest number of seats, formed a coalition with the Liberal Democrats in order to gain a parliamentary majority, ending 13 years of Labour government.
It outlined Canada's system of government, which combines Britain's Westminster model of parliamentary government with division of sovereignty ( federalism ).
An admirer of Britain's New Liberal philosophy, Hughes campaigned on a platform to improve the state of New York's standard of living by moving it away from laissez-faire tradition and enacting social reforms similar to that which had been enacted in Britain.
Fearing that Britain's victory over France in the Seven Years War ( 1756 – 1763 ) threatened the European balance of power, Spain allied themselves to France but suffered a series of military defeats and ended up having to cede Florida to the British at the Treaty of Paris ( 1763 ), which ended the Seven Years ' War.
US National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski, known for his hardline policies on the Soviet Union, initiated in 1979 a campaign supporting mujaheddin in Pakistan and Afghanistan, which was run by Pakistani security services with financial support from the Central Intelligence Agency and Britain's MI6.
Britain's departure from the ERM led to a fall in the opinion poll ratings for the Conservative Party, which despite the improvement in the economic position, did not fully recover whilst John Major was Prime Minister.
" Whatever may prove to be the nature of the German-Soviet Agreement, it cannot alter Great Britain's obligation to Poland which His Majesty's Government have stated in public repeatedly and plainly and which they are determined to fulfil.
Britain's Royal Flying Corps ( which merged on 1 April 1918 with the Royal Naval Air Service to form the Royal Air Force ) was founded in 1912.
The British defence guarantee ended following Britain's decision in 1967 to withdraw its forces east of Suez, and was replaced in 1971 with the Five Power Defence Arrangements ( FPDA ) by which Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia and Singapore agreed to co-operate in the area of defence, and to " consult " in the event of external aggression or the threat of attack on Malaysia or Singapore.
The Tory government was dividing the country and proving highly controversial as its monetarist economic policies to reduce inflation were contributing to a significant rise in unemployment which had helped plunge Britain's economy into recession earlier in 1980.
" British colonial administrators advocated the spread of the system to the rest of the Commonwealth, the most " persistent " of which was Thomas Taylor Meadows, Britain's consul in Guangzhou, China.
The advantage of Britain's new colony in providing a non-Russian source of flax and hemp for naval supplies was referred to in an article in Lloyd ’ s Evening Post of 5 October 1787 which urged: “ It is undoubtedly the interest of Great-Britain to remain neutral in the present contest between the Russians and the Turks ” and observed, “ Should England cease to render her services to the Empress of Russia, in a war against the Turks, there can be little of nothing to fear from her ill-will.
Kinnock was appointed one of Britain's two members of the European Commission, which he served first as Transport Commissioner under President Jacques Santer, in early 1995 ; marking the end of his 25 years in UK parliament.
Many nations had elite upper houses of legislatures, the members of which often had lifetime tenure, but eventually these houses lost power ( as in Britain's House of Lords ), or else became elective and remained powerful ( as in the United States Senate ).
On 22 November 1979 Jenkins delivered the annual Dimbleby Lecture which he called " Home Thoughts from Abroad ", detailing what he saw as the reasons for Britain's persistent underperformance as a failure of adaptability and problems associated with the two party system.
Kruger won another presidential election in 1898, but the following year British forces were gathering on the borders of the Boer Republics of Transvaal and the Orange Free State and fearing Britain's imminent annexation, the Boers launched a preemptive strike against the nearby British colonies in 1899, a strike which became the Second Boer War.
The loss of the Thirteen Colonies, at the time Britain's most populous colonies, marked the transition between the " first " and " second " empires, in which Britain shifted its attention to Asia, the Pacific and later Africa.
There was an extensive trade in war supplies and food across the Atlantic, which was critical for Britain's survival.
While the V bombers no longer held precedence in Britain's nuclear strategic planning, superseded by aircraft such as the SEPECAT Jaguar and Panavia Tornado, which carried smaller tactical nuclear weapons, the Avro Vulcan would be perhaps best remembered for its conventional long range bombing raids during the 1982 Falklands War.

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