By 1910, the profession, " chemical engineer ", was already in common use in Britain and the United States.

Round argued that the Normans had brought feudalism with them to England, while Maitland contended that its fundamentals were already in place in Britain before 1066.

Before the Roman invasion, begun in 43, Iron Age Britain already had established cultural and economic links with Continental Europe, but the Roman invaders introduced new developments in agriculture, urbanisation, industry and architecture.

A series of forts was already being built, starting around 280, to defend the coasts, but these preparations were not enough when a general assault of Saxons, Irish and Attacotti, combined with apparent dissension in the garrison on Hadrian's Wall, left Roman Britain prostrate in 367.

There is evidence of prehistoric settlements at the site of the town: flint arrowheads and Bronze Age artefacts have been found ; Iron Age forts have been excavated on both the East and West Hills suggests an early move to the safety of the valley in between, so that the settlement was already a port when the Romans arrived in Britain for the first time in 55 BC.

The Dukes of Bavaria, Württemberg, and Saxony made themselves Kings, as later did the Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, who was already King of Great Britain.

Before the Congress opened on 13 June, negotiations between Andrássy and the British Foreign Secretary Marquess of Salisbury had already " ended on 6 June by Britain agreeing to all the Austrian proposals relative to Bosnia-Herzegovina about to come before the congress while Austria would support British demands.

There he repeated in a different form all that he had already said, for all the world as if he had a gramophone fixed in his brain ... When I took leave, he subjected me to an interminable handshake, meanwhile fixing his cold blue eyes on mine, and repeating almost word for word what he said to me on arrival ... I felt I should never be able to establish any human contact with this man " In early June 1940, when Mussolini informed Hitler that he at long last would enter the war on 10 June 1940, Hitler was most dismissive, in private calling Mussolini a cowardly opportunist who broke the terms of the Pact of Steel in September 1939 when the going looked rough, and was only entering the war in June 1940 after it was clear that France was beaten and it appeared that Britain would soon make peace.

The later Marxist historian Eric Hobsbawm remarked that " One cannot say Marx died a failure " because, although he had not achieved a large following of disciples in Britain, his writings had already begun to make an impact on the leftist movements in Germany and Russia.

" Although the laws criminalising union activity were outdated and had already been abolished in Great Britain, they were still on the books in Canada and police arrested 24 leaders of the Typographical Union.

By the middle of the 19th century, Rotterdam was already one of the largest port cities in the world, mainly because of transshipment of goods from Germany to Great Britain.

It could only be the final act of an already victorious war against Britain as otherwise the preconditions for success of a combined operation would not be met.

Furthermore, some Welsh ancestral language was spoken over all of Britain and Celtic was already divided.

The fact that the United States had already declared neutrality in the conflict between Great Britain and ( now revolutionary ) France, and that American legislation was being passed for a trade deal with their British enemy, led to French outrage.

The fixing of the feast of All Saints on its current date of 1 November is attributed to Pope Gregory III ( 731 – 741 ), but from the testimony of Pseudo-Bede it is known that 1 November was already associated with All Saints in Great Britain by the beginning of the 8th century.

In Britain, Joseph Swan had been able to obtain a patent on the incandescent lamp ; though Edison had already been making successful lamps for some time, his patent application was incompletely prepared and failed.

The tradition of going from door to door receiving food already existed in Great Britain and Ireland in the form of souling, where children and poor people would sing and say prayers for the dead in return for cakes.

Britain, already involved on the European continent in the ongoing Peninsular War, sent another expedition, the Walcheren Campaign, to the Netherlands in order to relieve the Austrians, although this effort had little impact on the outcome of the conflict.

Powell went on to say that if the Soviet invasion had already begun and Britain resorted to a retaliatory strike the results would be the same, " We should be condemning, not merely to death, but as near as may be the non-existence of our population ".

In 1992, the publication of Alan Dawson's book Relative hills of Britain, showed that three tops not already considered summits, had a prominence of more than.

By this time, however, Napoleon had already all but abandoned plans to invade Britain, and had again turned his attention to enemies on the Continent.

H. W. Fowler and F. G. Fowler, in The King's English state that the term nom de plume " evolved " in Britain, where people wanting a " literary " phrase, failed to understand the term nom de guerre, which already existed in French.

Filmmakers were already doing so in Britain and Europe, where Edison had failed to file patents.

George VI and Elizabeth were crowned King and Queen of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions, and Emperor and Empress of India on 12 May 1937, the date already nominated for the coronation of Edward VIII.

Tertullian ( AD 155 – 222 ) wrote in Adversus Judaeos that Britain had already received and accepted the Gospel in his lifetime, writing of:

Prior to 1947, the only definition of first-class cricket had been one in Great Britain that dated from a meeting at Lord's in May 1894 between the Marylebone Cricket Club ( MCC ) committee and the secretaries of the clubs involved in the official County Championship, which had begun in 1890.

As transatlantic voyages involved negotiating north-west Britain, Scotland played a key part in the battle of the North Atlantic.

The First Carnatic War extended from 1746 until 1748 and was the result of colonial competition between France and Britain, two of the countries involved in the War of Austrian Succession.

In many industries, this involved the application of technology developed in Britain in new places.

In Greece, Britain and the United States supported the anti-communists in the Greek Civil War and suspected the Soviets of supporting the Greek communists, although Stalin refrained from getting involved in Greece, dismissing the movement as premature.

Formally neutral and reluctant to become involved with the great powers except as a last resort, Kuwait turned to the United States, the Soviet Union and Britain for naval protection of its tanker fleet after twenty-one ships were attacked in the gulf since late 1986.

Generally, however, despite the two exceptions being the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812 which involved conflicts between the U. S. and Great Britain, relations between the U. S. and Canada have been remarkably friendly with an " unfortified boundary " and an agreement " that has kept all fleets of war off the Great Lakes.

From 1700 to 1850, Britain was involved in 137 wars or rebellions.

Robert C. Schenck, U. S. Ambassador to Britain, was involved with the Emma Silver Mine scandal, however, this embarrassment was not directly associated with President Grant or the State Department.

In June 1937, during an Imperial Conference of all the Dominion Prime Ministers in London convened during the coronation of King George VI, King informed British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain that Canada would only go to war if Britain were directly attacked, and that if Britain were to become involved in a continental war then Chamberlain was not to expect Canadian support.

The same year when Britain and Spain became involved in the Falklands Crisis and came close to war, Pitt was a staunch advocate of taking a tough stance with Madrid and Paris ( as he had been during the earlier Corsican Crisis when France had invaded Corsica ) and made a number of speeches on the subject rousing public opinion.

The British victory spectacularly confirmed the naval supremacy that Britain had established during the previous century and was achieved in part through Nelson's departure from the prevailing naval tactical orthodoxy, which involved engaging an enemy fleet in a single line of battle parallel to the enemy to facilitate signalling in battle and disengagement, and to maximise fields of fire and target areas.

The fact that Mandelson's grandfather was Herbert Morrison who as a minister had been involved with the Festival of Britain often was drawn on for negative comparisons.

Foreign policy involved support for Britain in the world wars, and close relations after 1940 with the United States and Australia.

It was further exacerbated by Vergennes ' prodding Louis XVI to get involved in Great Britain's war with its North American colonies, due to France's traditional rivalry with Great Britain.

Roosevelt and Winston Churchill agree ( 1 ) no territorial gains sought by America or Great Britain, ( 2 ) territorial adjustments must conform to people involved, ( 3 ) people have right to choose their own govt.

An example of this involved Britain and France importing all of their watches and clocks from Switzerland and Germany prior to World War II.

When Britain gained formal control over what is now Guyana in 1814, it also became involved in one of Latin America's most persistent border disputes.

With Britain involved in the French revolutionary wars, Governor King was concerned that Bass Strait could harbour enemy raiders, and that in peace time it could provide an important trade route and trading base.

The fourth war took place after the Acts of Union, and involved the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Dutch Republic.

In Britain, the Greater London Council ( GLC ) and Labour Committee on Palestine ( LCP ) have been involved in fighting anti-Arabism through the promotion of Arab and Palestinian rights.

In 1917 he became involved in the Reconstruction Committee, an organisation that was making plans for post-war Britain.

A. S. Eddington was another target of Dingle's critique, and the ensuing debate eventually involved nearly every prominent astrophysicist and cosmologist in Britain.