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Page "History of Sierra Leone" ¶ 73
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Britain and outlawed
In the UK, the Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act 1985 outlawed the procedure in Britain itself, and the Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003 and Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation ( Scotland ) Act 2005 made it an offence for FGM to be performed anywhere in the world on British citizens or permanent residents.
The druids, the Celtic priestly caste who were believed to originate in Britain, were outlawed by Claudius, and in 61 they vainly defended their sacred groves from destruction by the Romans on the island of Mona ( Anglesey ).
Glele resisted British diplomatic overtures, however, distrusting their manners and noting that they were much more activist in their opposition to the slave trade: though revolutionary France itself had outlawed slavery at the end of the 18th century it allowed the trade to continue elsewhere ; Britain outlawed slavery in the U. K. and in its overseas possessions in 1833, and had its navy make raids against slavers along the West African coast starting in 1840.
In the United Kingdom, the Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act 1985 outlawed the procedure of female genital mutilation in Britain, and the Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003 and Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation ( Scotland ) Act 2005 made it an offence for FGM to be performed anywhere in the world on British citizens or permanent residents in the UK.
" An act for the more effectual securing the peace of the highlands in Scotland " was passed by the Parliament of Great Britain, coming into effect on November 1, 1716 which outlawed anyone in defined parts of Scotland from having " in his or their custody, use, or bear, broad sword or target, poignard, whinger, or durk, side pistol, gun, or other warlike weapon " unless authorised.
The 1856 Declaration of Paris outlawed privateering for such nations as Great Britain and France, but the United States had neither signed nor endorsed the declaration.
Following the French declaration of war on Britain in February 1793, the movement was outlawed and went underground from 1794 as they became more determined to force a revolt against British rule.
Britain continued to press other nations to end their trade with a series of treaties: the 1810 Anglo-Portuguese treaty whereby Portugal agreed to restrict its trade into its colonies ; the 1813 Anglo-Swedish treaty whereby Sweden outlawed its slave trade ; the 1814 Treaty of Paris 1814 whereby France agreed with Britain that the slave trade was " repugnant to the principles of natural justice " and agreed to abolish the slave trade in five years ; the 1814 Anglo-Dutch treaty whereby the Netherlands outlawed its slave trade ; and the 1817 Anglo-Spanish treaty that Spain agreed to suppress its trade by 1820.
A new Pirate station, Swiss-owned Radio Nordsee International, broadcast to Britain and the Netherlands from 1970 until outlawed by Dutch legislation in 1974 ( which meant it could no longer be supplied from the European mainland ).
In the UK, the medical divide between CAM and conventional medicine has been characterised by conflict, intolerance and prejudice on both sides and during the early 20th century CAM was virtually outlawed in Britain: healers were seen as freaks and hypnotherapists were subject to repeated attempts at legal restriction.
This trade, unlawful in China since it was outlawed by the Qing dynasty in 1729, helped reverse the trade imbalances resulting from the British imports of tea, which saw large outflows of silver from Britain to China.
After cremating the body of his dead son in 1884, Price was arrested and put on trial by those who believed cremation was illegal in Britain ; however, he successfully argued that there was no legislation that specifically outlawed it, which paved the way for the Cremation Act of 1902.
Slave trade was outlawed in Britain in 1807, and in the United States in 1808, after which other countries started to follow suit.
After Great Britain outlawed the slave trade in 1827, trade continued in other goods, though slaves still left the area clandestinely.
The Blockade of Africa began in 1807 when Britain outlawed the Atlantic slave trade, making it illegal for British ships to transport slaves.
In the UK, the Criminal Justice Bill ( 1994 ) outlawed these events ( raves ) and brought together a coalition of socialists, ravers and direct actionists who opposed the introduction of this ' draconian ' Act of Parliament by having a huge ' party & protest ' in the Centre of London that descended into one of the largest riots of the 1990s in Britain.
The 1st Earl and titular 1st Duke of Melfort was outlawed by the de facto régime in Britain on 23 July 1694, and attainted by Act of Parliament on 2 July 1695, when his honours became forfeit.

Britain and slave
Together with earlier arrivals to the United States ( including the indigenous American Indians, Hispanic and Latino Americans, particularly in the West, Southwest, and Texas ; African Americans who came to the United States in the Atlantic slave trade ; and early colonial migrants from Britain, France, Germany, Spain, and elsewhere ), these new waves of immigrants had a pro profound impact on national or regional cuisine.
In March 1807, Britain, which largely controlled the Atlantic, declared the trans-atlantic slave trade illegal, as did the United States.
From 1827 to 1843, Britain established a base on the island to combat the slave trade.
The slave narrative is a literary form which grew out of the written accounts of enslaved Africans in Britain and its colonies, including the later States
About 60, 000 are Krio, the descendants of freed slaves who returned to Sierra Leone from Great Britain, North America and slave ships captured on the high seas.
* Britain puts pressure on Sultan Barghash Sayyid, who closes slave markets in Zanzibar.
Married and with a child, he filed a freedom suit, on the grounds that he could not be held as a slave in Great Britain.
As Britain rose in naval power and settled continental North America and some islands of the West Indies, they became the leading slave traders.
Much of the wealth on which the city of Manchester, and surrounding towns, was built in the late eighteenth century, and for much of the nineteenth century, was based on the processing of slave-picked cotton .. Other British cities also profited from the slave trade. Birmingham, the largest gun producing town in Britain at the time, supplied guns to be traded for slaves.
In 1827, Britain declared that participation in the slave trade was piracy, a crime punishable by death.
The exception was the Western Caribbean Zone, which included the Caribbean coast and encompassed both semi-independent indigenous polities, runaway slave communities, and settlers, especially English settlers who would eventually form British Honduras ( the modern-day nation of Belize ), a sparsely populated area that was leased by the Guatemalans to Great Britain in eschange to construct a highway that they never finished, and stole and kept that land afterwards.
This act, a part of the general trend toward abolishing the slave trade ( led by Great Britain ), ended the legality of the U. S .- based transatlantic slave trade.
In the letter, King Agaja proposes to allow favorable agricultural export terms to Great Britain and the availability of slave labor, as long as the slaves were not removed from Dahomey.
This letter became crucial in debates in Great Britain about the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade as the authorship of a purported indigenous African abolitionist.
Britain was permitted to open offices in Buenos Aires, Caracas, Cartagena, Havana, Panama, Portobello and Vera Cruz to arrange the slave trade.
Seward played an integral role in resolving the Trent Affair and in negotiating the ensuing Lyons-Seward Treaty of 1862, which set forth strong measures by which the United States and Great Britain agreed to enforce an end to the Atlantic slave trade.
Though Fox would die before abolition was formalised, he oversaw a Foreign Slave Trade Bill in spring 1806 that prohibited British subjects from contributing to the trading of slaves with the colonies of Britain ’ s wartime enemies, thus eliminating two-thirds of the slave trade passing through British ports.
Writing shortly before Geoffrey of Monmouth, William added much to the damnatio memoriae of Vortigern: " At this time Vortigern was King of Britain ; a man calculated neither for the field nor the council, but wholly given up to the lusts of the flesh, the slave of every vice: a character of insatiable avarice, ungovernable pride, and polluted by his lusts.
Due to the focus on marine business, during the formative years of Lloyd's ( between 1688 and 1807 ), one of the sources of Lloyd's business was the insurance of ships engaged in slave trading, as Britain rapidly established itself as the chief trading power in the Atlantic.
Great Britain ; the abolition of the slave trade from British ports and by British traders ; the prohibition of slavery within the British dominions.
The example of Great Britain was then followed by the following countries in abolishing slavery within their dominions: in 1848 the slaves in all France's colonies were immediately emancipated ; in 1853 the Dutch commenced emancipation of slaves within their possessions ; in 1858 it was enacted that every slave belonging to a Portuguese subject should be freed within 20 years and, from 29 April 1878, slavery became illegal throughout Portuguese possessions ; the government of Buenos Aires enacted that all children of slaves after the 31 January 1813 should be free ; in Columbia those born after 16 July 1821 were to be liberated upon attaining 18 and Mexico ended slavery on 15 September 1829.

Britain and trade
Through hardships and eventual establishment of trade with Britain, the West Indies and other regions, the colonists were able to establish themselves in the American colonies with a cuisine similar to their previous British cuisine.
The campaign would sever the chain of communication that connected Britain with India, an essential part of her Empire whose trade links generated the wealth Britain required to prosecute the war successfully.
An example of this is colonists living in America who were only allowed to trade with and purchase goods from their respective mother countries ( Britain, France, etc .).
This resulted in strict rationing of food and other essential goods continuing in the post war period to force a reduction in consumption in an effort to limit imports, boost exports, and stabilise the Pound Sterling so that Britain could trade its way out of its financial state.
Maritime and American privateers targeted unprotected shipping of both the United States and Britain respectively, further reducing trade.
With the absence of the tea trade, some clippers began operating in the wool trade, between Britain and Australia.
He made use of his Scottish experience to write his Tour thro ' the whole Island of Great Britain, published in 1726, where he admitted that the increase of trade and population in Scotland which he had predicted as a consequence of the Union, was " not the case, but rather the contrary ".
Perhaps his greatest achievement with the novels is the magisterial A tour thro ' the whole island of Great Britain ( 1724 – 27 ), which provided a panoramic survey of British trade on the eve of the Industrial Revolution.
* 1796 – The Jay Treaty between the United States and Great Britain comes into force, facilitating ten years of peaceful trade between the two nations.
He avoided war with Great Britain and guaranteed a decade of peace and profitable trade by securing the Jay Treaty in 1795, despite intense opposition from the Jeffersonians.
Hamilton and Washington designed the Jay Treaty to normalize trade relations with Great Britain, remove them from western forts, and resolve financial debts left over from the Revolution.
Most importantly, the treaty delayed war with Great Britain and instead brought a decade of prosperous trade with Great Britain.
* 1721 March – Philip V of Spain requested the restitution of Gibraltar to proceed to the renewal of the trade licences of Great Britain with the Spanish possessions in America.
However, the resulting economic integration and military co-operation between the English and Dutch Navies shifted the dominance in world trade from the Dutch Republic to England and later to Great Britain.
Prussia lost its recently acquired territories in western Germany, its army was reduced to 42, 000 men, no trade with Britain was allowed, and Berlin had to pay Paris heavy reparations and fund the French army of occupation.
In explaining why neutral Britain went to war with Germany, Kennedy ( 1980 ) recognized it was critical for war that Germany become economically more powerful than Britain, but he downplays the disputes over economic trade imperialism, the Baghdad Railway, confrontations in Central and Eastern Europe, high-charged political rhetoric and domestic pressure-groups.
Spain was put under a British blockade, and her colonies – for the first time separated from their colonial rulers – began to trade independently with Britain.
Control of trade, the flow of resources and prestige goods, became ever more important to the elites of Southern Britain ; as the provider of relatively limitless wealth and patronage, Rome steadily became the biggest player in all their dealings.

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