Bromine was not produced in large quantities until 1860.

Bromine has no essential function in mammals, though it is preferentially used over chloride by one antiparasitic enzyme in the human immune system.

* Bromine pentafluoride ( BrF < sub > 5 </ sub >) is a colourless fuming liquid, made by reacting bromine trifluoride with fluorine at 200 ° C.

For an alternative listing of inorganics containing bromine please see inorganic compounds by element # Bromine.

Bromine has two stable isotopes, < sup > 79 </ sup > Br ( 50. 69 %) and < sup > 81 </ sup > Br ( 49. 31 %).

Bromine ( Br ) has two stable isotopes and 30 known unstable isotopes, the most stable of which is < sup > 77 </ sup > Br with a half-life of 57. 036 hours

Bromine ( or ; from, meaning " stench ( of he-goats )") is a chemical element with the symbol Br, and atomic number of 35.

Bromine is rarer than about three-quarters of elements in the Earth's crust ; however, the high solubility of bromide ion has caused its accumulation in the oceans, and commercially the element is easily extracted from brine pools, mostly in the United States, Israel and China.

Bromine is slightly soluble in water, but it is highly soluble in organic solvents such as carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, aliphatic alcohols, and acetic acid.

Bromine has no known essential role in human or mammalian health, but inorganic bromine and organobromine compounds do occur naturally, and some may be of use to higher organisms in dealing with parasites.

* Theodoregray. com – Bromine

Bromine atoms are even more efficient catalysts, hence brominated CFCs are also regulated.

Columbia County, along with Union County, is home to the largest Bromine reserve in the United States.

In the early 19th century Ignacy Fonberger, a professor at the University of Vilnius, analyzed the chemical composition of Druskininkai's waters and showed that they contain large amounts of Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Iodine, Bromine, Iron and Magnesium.

* Bromine monofluoride ( BrF ) has not been obtained as a pure compound — it dissociates into the trifluoride and free bromine.

* Bromine monochloride ( BrCl ) is a red-brown gas with a boiling point of 5 ° C.

* Bromine trifluoride ( BrF < sub > 3 </ sub >) is a yellow-green liquid which conducts electricity — it ionises to form +.

Bromine is trapped with iron turnings to give a solution of ferric bromide.

Bromine is included as an ozone-depleting chemical because although it is not as abundant as chlorine, it is 45 times more effective per atom in destroying stratospheric ozone.

Colour code: Carbon, C: black Hydrogen, H: white Bromine, Br: red-brown Oxygen, O: red Structure calculated with Spartan Student 4. 1, using the PM3 semi-empirical method.

Bromine is derived from brine, or saltwater, and local companies play an international role in the commercialization of bromine and its many applications.

It was over an hour before their escape was discovered, but still the news that Barton was free flashed across the central portion of the state.

Forced to realize that this was the end of a very short line I scanned a road marker and discovered what the end of a slightly longer line would be for the old Mexican: Moriarty, New Mexico.

That such deficiencies existed within Ptolemy's theory was not discovered de novo by Copernicus.

Although after much trouble he did manage to get it back, he discovered there was no trade to be had.

In all the talk of feudal rights, the knights and bishops must never forget the woolworkers, nor was it easy to do so, for all along the road to Italy they passed the Florentine pack trains going home with their loads of raw wool from England and rough Flemish cloth, the former to be spun and woven by the Arte Della Lana and the latter to be refined and dyed by the Arte Della Calimala with the pigment recently discovered in Asia Minor by one of their members, Bernardo Rucellai, the secret of which they jealously kept for themselves.

In summary, Brooks Adams felt that the nature of history was order and that the order so discovered was as much subject to historical laws as the forces of nature.

He was outraged by the book and announced that he had discovered fifty technical errors in its account of church practices.

The reporters had not yet discovered that this was his hideaway.

When he showed this model as his `` solution '' as to how the Howe sewing machine operated, he was told he was `` wrong '', and discovered to his amazement that the Howe Machine, which was unknown to him in detail, used two threads while the one that he had perfected used only one.

He never rested until he discovered who the culprit was, and when he did, he vowed vengeance on Viola Lake if ever the chance came his way.

Final ratings were made on the basis of a point system which was developed after studying the distributions of actual behaviors recorded and assigning weight values to each type of behavior that was deviant from the discovered norms.

Let us put to ourselves the hypothesis that we had not come on the scene and that the rabbit never was discovered.

Early in her life she had discovered that where there were men, there was money, and with the two came luxury and liquor.

Hudson pointed the Discovery down the east coast of the newly discovered sea ( now called Hudson Bay ), confident he was on his way to the warm waters of the Pacific.

The shortage was discovered after Huff failed to report for work on Sept. 18.

And so I was really upset the first time I discovered that my boy friend Johnnie was seeing Mrs. Warren.

His heart, he discovered, was pounding.

They lay months away from the nearest Earth star by jump drive, and no one knew what they were good for, although it was felt that they would probably be good for something if it could only be discovered -- much like the continent of Antarctica in ancient history.

Much as he abhorred slavery, Lincoln was always willing to concede to each `` slave state '' the right to decide independently whether to continue or end it.

Each girl was independently `` tested '' by the personnel man, and he served not only as the director, but as the antagonist and the observer.

The assembly line concept was independently redeveloped throughout history and not " invented " at one time by one person.

According to the theory, the human experience of moral obligations was the result of evolutionary pressures, which attached a sense of morality to human psychology because it was useful for moral development ; this entail that moral values do not exist independently of the human mind.

The Acorn Plus 3 was a hardware module that connected independently of the Plus 1 and provided a double-density 3½ ” disc drive connected through a WD1770 drive controller and an ADFS ROM.

In Heavy Metal: F. A. K. K. ² and Shadow Man, this tactic was developed further, allowing the player to wield two dissimilar weapons at once, firing each one independently.

The first was a movement away from the sequence dances towards dances where the couples moved independently.

The element was isolated independently by two chemists, Carl Jacob Löwig and Antoine Jerome Balard, in 1825 – 1826.

Later a mixer was built for him by Alex Rosner which let him listen to any channel in the headphones independently of what was playing on the speakers ; this became the defining feature of DJ mixers.

This was intended to make management more efficient, but it hindered MTA's ability to independently oversee project activities because MTA and the joint venture had effectively become partners in the project.

The isotope effect was reported by two groups on the 24th of March 1950, who discovered it independently working with different mercury isotopes, although a few days before publication they learned of each other's results at the ONR conference in Atlanta, Georgia.

This was followed independently by Louis Bachelier in 1900 in his PhD thesis " The theory of speculation ", in which he presented a stochastic analysis of the stock and option markets.

Although the Iron Age generally followed the Bronze Age, in some areas, the Iron Age intruded directly on the Neolithic from outside the region except for Sub-Saharan Africa where it was developed independently.

Among ancient sources, the poet Simonides, another near-contemporary, says the campaign force numbered 200, 000 ; while a later writer, the Roman Cornelius Nepos estimates 200, 000 infantry and 10, 000 cavalry, of which only 100, 000 fought in the battle, while the rest were loaded into the fleet that was rounding Cape Sounion ; Plutarch and Pausanias both independently give 300, 000, as does the Suda dictionary.

After years of loyal cooperation with Octavian, Mark Antony started to act independently, eventually raising the suspicion that he was vying to become the sole master of Rome.

In 1927, the Belgian Roman Catholic priest Georges Lemaître independently derived the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker equations and proposed, on the basis of the recession of spiral nebulae, that the universe began with the " explosion " of a " primeval atom "— which was later called the Big Bang.

Drude's classical model was augmented by Felix Bloch, Arnold Sommerfeld, and independently by Wolfgang Pauli, who used quantum mechanics to describe the motion of a quantum electron in a periodic lattice.

* RAI International: In Summer 2004, this Italian government controlled channel was denied permission to broadcast independently in Canada on the grounds that it had acted and was likely to act contrary to established Canadian policies.

The concept was independently ( and more fully ) developed by Alfred Wegener in 1912.

Although Wegener's theory was formed independently and was more complete than those of his predecessors, Wegener later credited a number of past authors with similar ideas: