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Bronze is the preferred metal for top-quality bells, particularly bell metal, which is about 23 % tin.
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Bronze and is
In the Middle Bronze Age an apparently " alphabetic " system known as the Proto-Sinaitic script is thought by some to have been developed in the Sinai peninsula during the 19th century BC, by Canaanite workers in the Egyptian turquoise mines.
Agate is one of the most common materials used in the art of hardstone carving, and has been recovered at a number of ancient sites, indicating its widespread use in the ancient world ; for example, archaeological recovery at the Knossos site on Crete illustrates its role in Bronze Age Minoan culture.
Though there was no Bronze Age city on the site, archaeology has detected human activity that is evident from the earliest Iron Age, circa 1100 BC.
Their non-Greek language is confirmed on the site by inscriptions in the Cypriot syllabary which alone in the Aegean world survived the Bronze Age collapse and continued to be used down to the 4th century BC.
There is little doubt that a Mycenaean megaron stood upon the hill during the late Bronze Age.
Aegean civilization is a general term for the Bronze Age civilizations of Greece around the Aegean Sea.
Crete is associated with the Minoan civilization from the Early Bronze Age.
A map of Cyprus in the later Bronze Age ( such as is given by J. L. Myres and M. O. Richter in Catalogue of the Cyprus Museum ) shows more than 25 settlements in and about the Mesaorea district alone, of which one, that at Enkomi, near the site of Salamis, has yielded the richest Aegean treasure in precious metal found outside Mycenae.
Dating to the Greek Bronze Age ( 13th century BC ), it is one of the oldest arch bridges still in existence and use.
Bronze is a metal alloy consisting primarily of copper, usually with tin as the main additive.
It is hard and brittle, and it was particularly significant in antiquity, so much so that the Bronze Age was named after the metal.
Though bronze is generally harder than wrought iron, with Vickers hardness of 60 – 258 vs. 30 – 80, the Bronze Age gave way to the Iron Age ; this happened because iron was easier to find and easier to process.
Bronze is considerably less brittle than iron.
Bronze resists corrosion ( especially seawater corrosion ) and metal fatigue more than steel and is a better conductor of heat and electricity than most steels.
Bronze is nonmagnetic.
Bronze is still commonly used in ship propellers and submerged bearings.
Bronze is used to make bronze wool for woodworking applications where steel wool would discolor oak.
Bronze is also used for the windings of steel and nylon strings of various stringed instruments such as the double bass, piano, harpsichord, and the guitar ..
Bell Bronze is used to make the tone rings of many professional model banjos.
The Bronze Age is a period characterized by the use of copper and its alloy bronze as the chief hard materials in the manufacture of some implements and weapons.
The Bronze Age is the second principal period of the three-age system, as proposed in modern times by Christian Jürgensen Thomsen, for classifying and studying ancient societies.
The Harappan culture, which dates from 1700 BC to 1300 BC, overlapped the transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age ; thus it is difficult to date this transition accurately.
The Bronze Star Medal or Bronze Star is an individual military decoration of the United States Armed Forces that may be awarded for acts of heroism, acts of merit, or meritorious service in a combat zone.
Bronze and preferred
Until the excavation of Ras Shamra in Northern Syria ( the site historically known as Ugarit ), and the discovery of its Bronze Age archive of clay tablet alphabetic cuneiform texts, little was known of Canaanite religion, as papyrus seems to have been the preferred writing medium.
Bronze and metal
The earliest metal daggers are of Beaker copper and appear in the early Bronze Age, in the 3rd millennium BC, predating the Bronze Age sword.
The Neolithic followed the terminal Holocene Epipaleolithic period, beginning with the rise of farming, which produced the " Neolithic Revolution ", and ending when metal tools became widespread in the Copper Age ( chalcolithic ) or Bronze Age or developing directly into the Iron Age, depending on the geographical region.
But the easier production, and the better availability of the raw material for the first time permitted the equipment of entire armies with metal weapons, though Bronze Age Egyptian armies were at times fully equipped with bronze weapons.
Short, one-handed spears featuring socketed metal heads were used in conjunction with a shield by the earliest Bronze Age cultures.
Only the Bronze Age and the Iron Age are based on the use of metal:
Many surviving examples of metal shields are generally felt to be ceremonial rather than practical, for example the Yetholm-type shields of the Bronze Age or the Iron Age Battersea shield.
The Bronze Age – defined by the use of metal – has made a lasting impression on the area.
A map of Cyprus in the later Bronze Age ( such as is given by J. L. Myres and M. O. Richter in Catalogue of the Cyprus Museum ) shows more than twenty-five settlements in and about the Mesaorea district alone, of which one, that at Enkomi, near the site of Salamis, has yielded the richest Aegean treasure in precious metal found outside Mycenae.
After the Bronze Age began and humans discovered how to melt metal and cast it into shapes, bronze, copper, silver, gold, electrum, platinum and a variety of other metals were used to make eye-catching necklaces for both men and women, and metal chains became possible.
Until the advent of iron, bronze was the most advanced metal for tools and weapons in common use ( see Bronze Age for more detail ).
An Early Bronze Age is divided into three major phases, Early Bronze I, II and III, but copper and not bronze was the most common metal in use, while stone technology continued to contribute the bulk of tools.
The medallion, forged from Peace Bronze ( a metal derived from obsolete nuclear missile command systems ), features Gandhi's profile and his words “ Love Ever Suffers / Never Revenges Itself ” cast in bronze.
BSA's components businesses became Manganese Bronze Components Division, comprising sintering, precision casting and metal powders: this division was sold in 2003 and went bankrupt a short while later.
There is evidence of mining on the Mendip Hills back into the late Bronze Age when there were technological changes in metal working indicated by the use of lead.
Bronze wool is a bundle of very fine bronze filaments, used in finishing and repair work to polish wood or metal objects.
Although primarily farmers, the inhabitants of Los Millares had crucially also learned metal working, especially the smelting and forming of copper, and the site is considered highly important in understanding the transition from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age.
Bronze and for
A special burial ground for infants, a tophetAgelarakis A., “ The Amathous ( tophet ) cremations in Cyprus ”, In D. Christou on “ Human Cremations at the Western Necropolis of Amathous ” < Cremations in Bronze and Early Iron Age >, Proceedings of Int.
Bronze was still used during the Iron Age ; for example, officers in the Roman army had bronze swords while foot soldiers had iron ; but, for many purposes, the weaker wrought iron was found to be sufficiently strong.
Bronze was especially suitable for use in boat and ship fittings prior to the wide employment of stainless steel owing to its combination of toughness and resistance to salt water corrosion.
Bronze parts are tough and typically used for bearings, clips, electrical connectors and springs.
Bronze also has very low metal-on-metal friction, which made it invaluable for the building of cannon where iron cannonballs would otherwise stick in the barrel.
Bronze continues into modern times as one of the materials of choice for monumental statuary.
Bronze strings are commonly reserved on pianoforte for the lower pitch tones, as they possess a superior sustain quality to that of high-tensile steel.
Bronze has been used in the manufacture of various types of medals for centuries, and are known in contemporary times for being awarded to the second-runner up in sporting competitions and other events.
An ancient civilization can be in the Bronze Age either by smelting its own copper and alloying with tin, or by trading for bronze from production areas elsewhere.
Although the Iron Age generally followed the Bronze Age, in some areas, the Iron Age intruded directly on the Neolithic from outside the region except for Sub-Saharan Africa where it was developed independently.
Bronze was an important element in ceremonies and as for mortuary offerings until 100.
The Bronze Star Medal ( without the " V " device ) may be awarded to each member of the Armed Forces of the United States who, after 6 December 1941, was cited in orders or awarded a certificate for exemplary conduct in ground combat against an armed enemy after 7 December 1941.
Documents executed since 4 August 1944 in connection with recommendations for the award of decorations of higher degree than the Bronze Star Medal cannot be used as the basis for an award under this paragraph.
The basis for doing this was that the badges were awarded only to soldiers who had borne the hardships which resulted in General Marshall's support of the Bronze Star Medal.
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