Other contributions to Buddhism were the teaching of The Five Guides of Propagation, The doctrine of the Three Great Secret Dharmas and the teaching of The Three Proofs for verification of the validity of Buddhist doctrines.

Nāgārjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosophy is in the use of the concept of śūnyatā, or " emptiness ," which brings together other key Buddhist doctrines, particularly anātman ( no-self ) and pratītyasamutpāda ( dependent origination ), to refute the metaphysics of Sarvastivāda and Sautrāntika ( extinct non-Mahayana schools ).

In favour of skepticism towards Buddhist doctrines in general, Tibetans are fond of quoting sutra to the effect that one should test the Buddha's words as one would the quality of gold.

Some scholars attribute the disappearance of ancestor worship to the influence of Buddhist doctrines of anicca and anatta, impermanence and rejection of a ' self '.

Buddhist philosophy has its foundations in the doctrines of:

The Tathagatagarba and Buddha-nature doctrines of Mahayana Buddhist consider Buddhahood to be a universal and innate property of absolute wisdom.

It is this religion of Bon that has persisted to our own times, absorbing doctrines from the dominant Buddhist religion but always adapting what it learned to its own needs and perspectives.

In the Buddhist traditions of India, Pure Land doctrines and practices were disseminated by well-known exponents of the Mahāyāna teachings, including Nāgārjuna and Vasubandhu.

He had become " well-versed in astrology, writing and Sanskrit " by the age of three, " able to distinguish between the Buddhist and non-Buddhist doctrines " by the age of ten, and would eventually become a master of the teachings of Mahayana, Hinayana, and Vajrayana Buddhism under the guidance of over 100 different instructors.

An Shigao translated Buddhist texts on basic doctrines, meditation, and abhidharma.

Throughout the centuries, except for the initiated, most of the Japanese common folk knew little about its secretive doctrines and the monks of this " Mantra School " except that besides performing the usual priestly duties of prayers, blessings and funeral rites for the public, they practiced only Mikkyō ( 密教 ）, literally " secret ways " in stark contrast to all other Buddhist schools and were called upon to perform mystical rituals that could summon rain, improve harvests, exorcise demons, avert natural disasters, heal the sick and protect the state.

It frequently treats later developments in a way that realigns them with earlier versions of Buddhist doctrines.

Xuanzang also discovered that the intellectual context in which Buddhists disputed and interpreted texts was much vaster and more varied than the Chinese materials had indicated: Buddhist positions were forged in earnest debate with a range of Buddhist and non-Buddhist doctrines unknown in China, and the terminology of these debates drew their significance and connotations from this rich context.

As a result, Tendai esoteric ritual bears much in common with the explicitly Vajrayana tradition of Shingon Buddhist ritual, though the underlying doctrines may differ somewhat.

Gaudapda took over the Buddhist doctrines that ultimate reality is pure consciousness ( vijñapti-mātra ) and " that the nature of the world is the four-cornered negation ".

The Yogic, Tantric and other systems of India, the Buddhist psychology of Tibet, as well as Chinese ( Taoist alchemy ) and Japanese ( Shingon ) esoterism are examples of doctrines that describe a subtle physiology having a number of focal points ( chakras, acupuncture points ) connected by a series of channels ( nadis, Acupuncture meridians ) that convey life-force ( prana, vayu, ch ' i, ki, lung ).

He refused, stating that Buddhist doctrines prohibited suicide and that those who committed suicide could not receive human bodies in the next reincarnation.

But although Huángbò often railed against traditional Buddhist textual practices, pointing to the necessity of direct experience over sutra study, his record shows that he was familiar with a wide selection of Buddhist doctrines and texts, including the Diamond Sutra, the Vimalakīrti Sutra and the Lotus Sutra.

While his doctrines follow the middle path, his gifts are to the brahmibns, sramansa ( Buddhist priests ) and others equally.

The first half of the work describes Nanda ’ s life, and the second half of the work describes Buddhist doctrines and ascetic practices.

In this work he carried out his most comprehensive refutation of Buddhism, singling out Buddhist doctrines and practices for detailed criticism.

He is a Buddhist, which means that to him peace and the sanctity of human life are not only religious dogma, but a profound and unshakable Weltanschauung.

Amongst the Buddha's many disciples, Ānanda had the most retentive memory and most of the suttas in the Sutta Pitaka are attributed to his recollection of the Buddha's teachings during the First Buddhist Council.

Buddhist monks and nuns of most traditions are expected to refrain from all sexual activity and take vows of celibacy ; lay people, however, are not expected to refrain from any specific form of sexual activity, and there is no concept of sinfulness attached to sex.

The caves include paintings and sculptures considered to be masterpieces of Buddhist religious art ( which depict the Jataka tales ) as well as frescos which are reminiscent of the Sigiriya paintings in Sri Lanka .< ref >

Some Buddhist scholars assert words are inadequate to describe the goal of the Buddhist path, but concerning the usefulness of words in the path itself, schools differ radically.

Although there are many ethical tenets in Buddhism that differ depending on whether one is a monk or a layman, and depending on individual schools, the Buddhist system of ethics can be summed up in the eightfold path:

The main early Buddhist philosophical schools are the Abhidharma schools, particularly Sarvāstivāda and Theravāda.

Interpenetration and essence-function are mutually informing in the East Asian Buddhist traditions, especially the Korean Buddhist tradition.

In a Buddhist view all philosophies are to be considered non-essential.

In Thailand, where the Thai solar calendar is used, the months and days have adopted the western standard, although the years are still based on the traditional Buddhist calendar.

Later on both his wife and son joined the ascetic community and are mentioned in the Buddhist texts to have become enlightened.

Some of these Buddhist vegetarian chefs are in the many monasteries which serve wu hun and mock-meat ( also known as ' meat analogues ') dishes to the monks and visitors ( including non-Buddhists who often stay for a few hours or days, to Buddhists who are not monks, but staying overnight for anywhere up to weeks or months ).

The earliest Buddhist texts explain that the four primary material elements are the sensory qualities solidity, fluidity, temperature, and mobility ; their characterization as earth, water, fire, and air, respectively, is declared an abstraction — instead of concentrating on the fact of material existence, one observes how a physical thing is sensed, felt, perceived.

These came from Buddhist beliefs ; the classical Chinese elements (, go gyô ) are also prominent in Japanese culture, especially to the influential Neo-Confucianists during the Edo period.

The two oldest printed Chinese calendars are dated 877 and 882 ; they were found at the Buddhist pilgrimage site of Dunhuang ; Patricia Ebrey writes that it is no surprise that some of the earliest printed items were calendars, since the Chinese found it necessary to calculate and mark which days were auspicious and which were not.

Instead, according to Buddhist thought, a wise person adopts a middle way without holding conventions to be ultimate or ignoring them when they are fruitful.

Buddhist dualism, in Dharmakirti ’ s sense, is different in that it is not a dualism between the mind and brain, but rather between states of consciousness ( nonphysical ) and basic building blocks ( according to the Buddhist atomism of Dharmakirti, Buddhist atoms are also nonphysical: they are unstructured points of energy ).

It was reported that almost all of Buddhist monasteries in Guangxi were destroyed by Bai in this manner.

Census data released by the Australian Bureau of Statistics in 2004 reported that Sinhalese Australians are by religion 29. 7 percent Catholic ; 8. 0 percent Anglican, 9. 9 percent other Christian ; 46. 9 percent " Other Religions " ( mainly Buddhist ), and 5. 5 percent no religion.

Altan Khan first invited the 3rd Dalai Lama to Mongolia in 1569, but apparently the Dalai Lama refused to go and sent a disciple again, who reported back to the Dalai Lama about the great opportunity to spread Buddhist teachings throughout Mongolia.

It was reported that almost all of Buddhist monasteries in Guangxi were destroyed by Bai in this manner.

" It is reported that the Hephtalites often destroyed Buddhist monasteries but were rebuilt by others.

When she heard that Diệm was to sign a statement offering compensation to the families of Buddhist protesters shot dead by the police of his brother Ngô Đình Cẩn, she was reported to have thrown a bowl of soup at him.

Altan Khan first invited Sonam Gyatso to Tumet in 1569, but apparently he refused to go and sent a disciple instead, who reported back to him about the great opportunity to spread Buddhist teachings throughout Mongolia.

In January 2011 he stated in an interview that he is not a Buddhist as previously reported, but is a non-religious practitioner of Yoga, where he prays to the Atman, or the self.

This vision was reported by a Buddhist monk, Gyōkyō, who had a second vision which led to selecting the Otokoyama location where the shrine now stands.

As reported in the UNESCO citation declaring the Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka as a World Heritage Site, Bhimbetka was first mentioned in Indian archeological records in 1888 as a Buddhist site, based on information gathered from local adivasis.

The fireballs are most often reported around the night of Wan Awk Pansa at the end of the Buddhist rains in late October.

Finally, the council also reported on the proselytizing efforts of Emperor Ashoka, who sought to expand the Buddhist faith throughout Asia and as far as the Mediterranean.

The Chinese monk Xuanzang who visited Kanchipuram during the reign of Narasimhavarman I reported that there were 100 Buddhist monasteries, and 80 temples in Kanchipuram.

* Religion: 52 % of Chinese reported no religious affiliation, 25. 1 % Christian, 15. 1 % Buddhist.

He reported no Buddhist presence in Konyodha, few in Chulya ( in the Tamil region ), and few in Gujarat and Rajasthan, except in Valabhi, where he found a large Theravada population.

During the reign of the Chalukya dynasty, Xuanzang reported that numerous Buddhist stupas in regions previously ruled by Buddhist-sympathetic Andhras and Pallavas were " ruined " and " deserted ". These regions came under the control of the Vaishnavite Eastern Chalukyas, who were not favorable to Buddhism and did not support the religion.

The group was reported in 2008 to consist of an Agnostic, an Atheist, a Christian, a Wiccan, and a Zen Buddhist.

Motihari is reported to have the tallest and the largest Buddhist stupa in the world, following its discovery in 1998 through excavation by the Archaeological Survey of India ( ASI ).

In Kedah there are remains showing Buddhist and Hindu influences which has been known for about a century now from the discoveries reported by Col. Low and has recently been subjected to a fairly exhaustive investigation by Dr. Quaritch Wales.

Also, it was reported that Nobel prize winning human rights activist and Buddhist Aung San Suu Kyi was removed from her home where she languished under house arrest and moved to the infamous Insein Prison.