Although the King of England, Henry VI, was the head of the House of Lancaster, his wife, Margaret of Anjou, was a niece of Burgundy's bitter enemy, Charles VII of France, and was herself an enemy of the Burgundians ; the Duke of York, by contrast, shared Burgundy's enmity towards the French, and preferred the Burgundians.

As Woodstock marched his 5, 000 men east of Paris they were confronted by the Duke of Burgundy's army at Troyes, but the French had learned from Crécy and Poitiers not to offer a pitched battle to the English, so the two armies eventually marched away.

There was a great mass of French cavalry and infantry in some raised ground north of the Norken River, and many of Burgundy's troops remained inactive.

Burgundy's antagonism with the Valois royal house ( which caused the Armagnac – Burgundian Civil War ) had been one of the leading factors in the losses faced by the French at the hands of the English.

The situation was made worse by an alliance among the Duke of Burgundy, John the Fearless, the English, and the French queen, Isabeau of Bavaria, who submitted to the Duke of Burgundy's scheme to deny the crown of France to the children of Charles VI.

In 1383, Isabeau's uncle, Duke Frederick of Bavaria, suggested her as a potential wife to King Charles VI ; the match was again proposed in Cambrai in April 1385, at the occasion of John the Fearless and Margaret of Burgundy's marriages to Margaret and William of Bavaria respectively.

In a similar way to many of Burgundy's Grand Cru vineyards, the Sonnenuhr vineyards are highly parceled with multiple owners of individual plots or rows of vines.

In a period from 1444-6 he is estimated to have spent a sum equivalent to 2 % of Burgundy's main tax income over the period, the recette génerale, with a single Italian supplier of silk and cloth of gold, Giovanni di Arrigo Arnolfini.

As with most of Burgundy's vineyards, both Chambertin and Clos de Bèze have had numerous owners, twenty-three and eighteen respectively.

Vehmic courts play a key role in the novel Anne of Geierstein or, The Maiden of the Mist by Sir Walter Scott in which Archibald von Hagenbach, the Duke of Burgundy's governor at Brisach ( Switzerland ), is condemned and executed by the Vehmgericht.

Pinot noir grapes at Santenay, Côte-d ' Or | Santenay, on Burgundy ( region ) | Burgundy's Côte-d ' Or

Pinot noir vines at Clos de Bèze, Gevrey-Chambertin, on Burgundy's Côte d ' Or

Burgundy's interest in sponsoring the crusade was in increasing his and his house's prestige and power and, historian Barbara Tuchman notes, " since he was the prince of self-magnification, the result was that opulent display became the dominant theme ; plans, logistics, intelligence about the enemy came second, if at all.

Being a member of the duke of Burgundy's party, he was appointed provost at Paris by John, Duke of Bedford, on December 1, 1422.

* 1468 – Liège is sacked by Charles I of Burgundy's troops.

Frederick was concerned about Burgundy's expansive tendencies on the western border of his Holy Roman Empire, and to forestall military conflict, he attempted to secure the marriage of Charles's only daughter, Mary of Burgundy, to his son Maximilian.

With Warwick in power in England, it was Charles of Burgundy's turn to fear a hostile alliance of England and France.

In 860, Charles the Bald invaded Charles of Burgundy's Kingdom but was repulsed.

As well as her part in encouraging her husband to become a Christian, her presence helps emphasise the importance of Burgundy's support for the monarch.

File: Digione palazzo duchi. jpg | Palais des ducs de Bourgogne ( Dukes of Burgundy's Palace )

By the 14th century the county was surrounded on all parts by Burgundy's possessions and John of Burgundy, an illegitimate son of John the Fearless, was made bishop.

Many wine historians, including John Winthrop Haeger and Roger Dion, believe that the association between pinot and Burgundy was the explicit strategy of Burgundy's Valois dukes.

Roger Dion, in his thesis regarding Philip the Bold's role in promoting the spread of Pinot noir, holds that the reputation of Beaune wines as " the finest in the world " was a propaganda triumph of Burgundy's Valois dukes.

Burgundy's Pinot noir produces great wines which can age very well in good years, developing complex fruit and forest floor flavours as they age, often reaching peak 15 or 20 years after the vintage.

Under King Rudolph I and his son Rudolph II Burgundy's influence reached across most of modern Switzerland.

Although Beaune is lacking a Grand Cru vineyard in the commune, it is the hub of the region's wine business, as most of Burgundy's major négociants are here.

It made for Burgundy's headquarters.

The Portuguese agreed to the marriage and sent messengers on 2 February to receive the Duke of Burgundy's formal response, which was signed on 5 May and received by the Portuguese on 4 June.

Chablis lies about north of Beaune in the Yonne department, situated in Burgundy's heartland roughly halfway between Côte d ' Or and Paris.

The garrison of Cravant requested help from the Dowager Duchess of Burgundy, who raised troops and in turn sought support from Burgundy's English allies, which was forthcoming.

There followed the materialist and atheist Jean Meslier, Julien Offroy de La Mettrie, Paul-Henri Thiry Baron d ' Holbach, Denis Diderot, and other French Enlightenment thinkers ; as well as in England, John " Walking " Stewart, whose insistence that all matter is endowed with a moral dimension had a major impact on the philosophical poetry of William Wordsworth.

At the urging of several bishops, and at the personal insistence of King Louis XIV, Pope Alexander VII sent to France the apostolic constitution Regiminis Apostolici ( dated February 15, 1664 ) which required all French Catholics to subscribe to the following formulary:

French clashed with the Chief Secretary Edward Shortt over his insistence that he exercise executive authority in Dublin, and when Lloyd George formed a new government in January 1919 Shortt was replaced by the more pliable Ian Macpherson.

The French had reluctantly agreed to issue the declaration at the insistence of the British.

SWC Joint Note 12 declared that, leaving aside improbables such as Central Powers internal collapse or Russian revival, neither side could win a decisive victory on the Western Front in 1918, although decisive results could be had against Turkey ( although, at French insistence, no further troops were to be sent ), possibly leading to diversion of German troops and encouragement of pro-Allied elements in Romania and southern Russia.

The area had, in fact, been given to Austria largely at British and Dutch insistence, as these powers feared potential French domination of the region.

However, Michelet's insistence that history should concentrate on “ the people, and not only its leaders or its institutions ” clearly drew inspiration from the French Revolution.

At Baker's insistence, Wilson made the American forces an independent fighting partner of the Allies against the Central Powers, rather than letting American troops be used to replenish British and French forces as those nations advised.

In its insistence on portraying an unpleasant truth, The Raft of the Medusa was a landmark in the emerging Romantic movement in French painting, and " laid the foundations of an aesthetic revolution " against the prevailing Neoclassical style.

Despite her insistence on the more elegant French pronunciation most people usually call her " Mrs Bucket " or more disparagingly " The Bucket Woman ," behind her back.

The approach through language to feminist action has been criticised by some as over-theoretical: they would see the fact that the very first meeting of a handful of would-be feminist activists in 1970 only managed to launch an acrimonious theoretical debate as marking the situation as typically ' French ' in its apparent insistence on the primacy of theory over politics.

Following French President Charles de Gaulle's insistence in 1959 that all non-French nuclear-capable forces should be withdrawn from his country, the USAF began a redeployment of its North American F-100-equipped units from France.

However, he was already distinguishing himself in military service in the French wars, and he was pardoned in 1378 at the insistence of his commander, Sir Thomas Trivet.

The combined Allied force had a sterling opportunity to defeat the French corps of Victor at Talavera, but Cuesta's insistence that the Spanish wouldn't fight on a Sunday provided the French with their chance to escape.

On the other hand, his liberation of the Jewish communities in Italy ( notably in Ancona in the Papal States ) and his insistence on the assimilation of Jews as equals in French and Italian society indicate that he was sincere in making a distinction between usurers ( whether Jewish or not ), whom he compared to locusts, and Jews who accepted non-Jews as their equals.

Prussia's prime minister Bismarck suggested shelling Paris to ensure the city's quick surrender and render all French efforts to free the city pointless, but the German high command, headed by the king of Prussia, turned down the proposal on the insistence of General Leonhard Graf von Blumenthal, who was directing the siege, on the grounds that a bombardment would affect civilians, violate the rules of engagement, and turn the opinion of third parties against the Germans, without speeding up the final victory.

This ran counter to the overall German plan of luring the French in, but on Rupprecht's repeated insistence the policy of defense in the centre was abandoned and a counter-offensive launched on 20 August against the French Second Army which was thrown back into France.

Though he was subsequently struck off the Navy List at the insistence of the French, he was restored to his rank in the Royal Navy within two years and the Battle, largely won by British officers and crews fighting for Maria II, was viewed in England as bringing honour to the British navy.

In France, the Cour de Cassation's insistence on this linkage frequently barred or severely limited relief for French parties injured in states that had no developed law for the compensation of such victims.

Charcot Island was discovered on January 11, 1910, by the French Antarctic Expedition under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, who, at the insistence of his crew and the recommendation of Edwin S. Balch and others, named it Charcot Land.

French insistence on the lack of religion in all things public ( laïcité or secularism ) is a notable feature in the French ideal of citizenship.