Mandatory priestly celibacy is not a doctrine, or dogma, of the Church ( examples of Catholic doctrine would be the principle of the absolute respect for life or the belief in the Assumption and Immaculate Conception ) but a church rule or discipline, like the use of the vernacular ( local ) language in Mass or the ancient rule of Lenten fasting and abstinence.

His failure to successfully aid Protestant forces during the Thirty Years ' War, coupled with the fact that he married a Roman Catholic princess, generated deep mistrust concerning the king's dogma.

During the 13th century Thomas Aquinas adopted the Aristotelian position that the senses are essential to mind into scholasticism, making it a dogma of Roman Catholic belief.

The Immaculate Conception is a dogma of the Catholic Church maintaining that from the moment when she was conceived the Blessed Virgin Mary was kept free of original sin and was filled with the sanctifying grace normally conferred during baptism.

The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states " that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin.

It was not until 1854 that Pope Pius IX, with the support of the overwhelming majority of Roman Catholic bishops, whom he had consulted between 1851 – 1853, promulgated the papal bull Ineffabilis Deus ( Latin for " Ineffable God "), which defined ex cathedra the dogma of the Immaculate Conception:

For the Roman Catholic Church the dogma of the Immaculate Conception gained additional significance from the reputed apparitions of Our Lady of Lourdes in 1858.

In light of this questioning of the canon of Scripture by Protestants in the 16th century, the ( Roman Catholic ) Council of Trent reaffirmed the traditional western canon ( i. e., the canon accepted at the 4th-century Council of Rome and Council of Carthage ), thus making the Canon of Trent and the Vulgate Bible dogma in the Catholic Church.

Catholics recognize the pope as a successor to Saint Peter, whom, according to Roman Catholic teaching, Jesus named as the " shepherd " and " rock " of the Catholic Church, which according to Catholic dogma is the one true Church founded by Christ.

We, adhering faithfully to the tradition received from the beginning of the Christian faith, to the glory of God, our Saviour, the elevation of the Catholic religion and the salvation of Christian peoples, with the approbation of the sacred Council, teach and explain that the dogma has been divinely revealed: that the Roman Pontiff, when he speaks ex cathedra, that is, when carrying out the duty of the pastor and teacher of all Christians by his supreme apostolic authority he defines a doctrine of faith or morals to be held by the universal Church, through the divine assistance promised him in blessed Peter, operates with that infallibility with which the divine Redeemer wished that His church be instructed in defining doctrine on faith and morals ; and so such definitions of the Roman Pontiff from himself, but not from the consensus of the Church, are unalterable.

" The dogma was preceded by the 1946 encyclical Deiparae Virginis Mariae, which requested all Catholic bishops to express their opinion on a possible dogmatization.

These tendencies however were never supported by the First Vatican Council's dogma of papal infallibility and primacy of 1870, but are rather inspired by erroneous private opinions of some Roman Catholic laymen, who tend to identify themselves completely with the Holy See.

* 1254 – The Catholic dogma of purgatory is clarified and so named by the Catholic Church.

It is most widely known for its recapitulation of the Catholic dogma that the Catholic Church is the sole true Church of Christ.

A Catholic dogma, Extra Ecclesiam Nulla Salus ( literally " no salvation outside the Church ") has sometimes been interpreted as denying salvation to non-Catholic Christians as well as non-Christians, though constant Catholic teaching has stressed the possibility of salvation for persons invincibly ignorant ( through no fault of their own ) of the Catholic Church's necessity and thus not culpable for lacking communion with the Church.

In a sense, Luther would take theology further in its deviation from established Roman Catholic dogma, forcing a rift between the humanist Erasmus and Luther.

* The Catholic dogma of purgatory is clarified and so named by the Catholic Church.

With the exception of the Roman Catholic and the Orthodox Catholic Churches, most churches make no moral distinction between rhythm and mechanical or chemical contraceptives, allowing the couple free choice.

As I see it, there's no real difference between being Jewish, Catholic, or Protestant ''.

There can be no doubt that the American Catholic accomplishment in the field of higher education is most impressive: our European brethren never cease to marvel at the number and the size of our colleges and universities.

The Roman Catholic Church has excommunicated one of its priests, Father Feeney, for insisting that there is no salvation outside the visible church.

Born in Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon, Rhône, Carrel was raised in a devout Catholic family and was educated by Jesuits, though he no longer practiced his religion when he entered the university.

In the Roman Catholic Church, abbots continue to be elected by the monks of an abbey to lead them as their religious superior in those orders and monasteries that make use of the term ( some orders of monks, as the Carthusians for instance, have no abbots, only priors ).

The 1910 Catholic Encyclopedia remarks that " Undeniably secular and ambitious, his moral life was not above reproach, and his unscrupulous methods in no wise accorded with the requirements of his high office ... the heinous crimes of which his opponents in the council accused him were certainly gravely exaggerated.

There is no evidence that he intended to found a Roman Catholic religious order.

In the Roman Catholic Church, the title is purely honorific and carries no extra jurisdiction, though most archbishops are also metropolitan bishops, as above.

Catholic Biblical Quarterly, no.

The Catholic Encyclopedia asserts that " We are no doubt in presence of an abbreviation of the name Mál ' akhîyah, that is ' Messenger of Yah '".

From the time of the Protestant Reformation onward, it has been understood that there is no commonality between the Bible way, which is justification by faith in the shed blood of Jesus Christ, and salvation by works, which the faithful, practicing Catholic embraces.

Introduced on Whitsunday 1549, after considerable debate and revision in Parliament — but there is no evidence that it was ever submitted to either Convocation — it was said to have pleased neither reformers nor their opponents, indeed the Catholic Bishop Gardiner could say of it was that it " was patient of a catholic interpretation ".

Their major objections ( exceptions ) were: firstly, that it was improper for the lay congregation to take any vocal part in prayer ( as in the Litany or Lord's Prayer ), other than to say " Amen "; secondly, that no set prayer should exclude the option of an extempore alternative from the Minister ; thirdly, that the Minister should have the option to omit part of the set liturgy at his discretion ; fourthly, that short Collects should be replaced by longer prayers and exhortations ; and fifthly, that all surviving " Catholic " ceremonial should be removed.

Various smaller communities, such as the Old Catholic and Independent Catholic Churches, include the word Catholic in their title, and share much in common with Roman Catholicism but are no longer in communion with the See of Rome.

During the Counter-Reformation, the Roman Catholic Church searched for religious art with which to counter the threat of Protestantism, and for this task the artificial conventions of Mannerism, which had ruled art for almost a century, no longer seemed adequate.

It is in line with this interpretation, which applies the word " catholic " ( universal ) to no one denomination, that they understand the phrase " One Holy catholic and Apostolic Church " in the Nicene Creed, the phrase the Catholic faith in the Athanasian Creed and the phrase " holy catholic church " in the Apostles ' Creed.

During World War II, a dog tag could indicate only one of three religions through the inclusion of one letter: " P " for Protestant, " C " for Catholic, or " H " for Jewish ( from the word, " Hebrew "), or ( according to at least one source ) " NO " to indicate no religious preference.

It is related to the ancient ( but not current ) Catholic philosophies regarding monarchy, in which the monarch is God's viceregent upon the earth and therefore subject to no inferior power.

* Vulgar Latin and Late Latin among the uneducated and educated populations respectively of the Roman empire and the states that followed it in the same range no later than 900 AD ; medieval Latin and Renaissance Latin among the educated populations of western, northern, central and part of eastern Europe until the rise of the national languages in that range, beginning with the first language academy in Italy in 1582 / 83 ; new Latin written only in scholarly and scientific contexts by a small minority of the educated population at scattered locations over all of Europe ; ecclesiastical Latin, in spoken and written contexts of liturgy and church administration only, over the range of the Roman Catholic Church.

Both the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church recognise as ecumenical the first seven councils, held from the 4th to the 9th century ; but while the Eastern Orthodox Church accepts no later council or synod as ecumenical, the Roman Catholic Church continues to hold general councils of the bishops in full communion with the Pope, reckoning them as ecumenical, and counting in all, including the seven recognized by the Eastern Orthodox Church, twenty-one to date.

Two of the principal addresses were delivered by prominent Protestants, and when the speaker was a Catholic, one `` discussant '' on the dais tended to be of another religious persuasion.

In spite of the increase in numbers and prestige brought about by the conversions of Newman and other Tractarians of the 1840's and 1850's, the Catholic segment of England one hundred years ago was a very small one ( four per cent, or 800,000 ) which did not enjoy a gracious hearing from the general public.

The London Universe devoted its centenary issue last December 8 to mapping out various aspects of Catholic progress during the last one hundred years.

a report that a Catholic nun had been requested to teach in a non-Catholic secondary school during the sickness of one of its masters ; ;

However, this was not successful, for according to Gregory of Tours, Amalaric pressured her to forsake her Roman Catholic faith and convert to Arian Christianity, at one point beating her until she bled ; she sent to her brother Childebert I, king of Paris a towel stained with her own blood.

** Feast day of the Assumption of Mary, one of the Catholic holy days of obligation.

The Catholic Church honours him as a Doctor of the Church, one of only 33 persons with that honor.

Like his father, Alboin was raised a pagan, although Audoin had at one point attempted to gain Byzantine support against his neighbours by professing himself a Catholic.

An antipope () or anti-pope is a person who, in opposition to the one who is generally seen as the legitimately elected Pope, makes a significantly accepted competing claim to be the Pope, the Bishop of Rome and leader of the Catholic Church.

J. N. L. Myres built upon this suspicion and speculated that belief in Pelagianism reflected an actively provincial outlook in Britain and that Vortigern represented the Pelagian party, while Ambrosius led the Catholic one.

Excluding those princesses who have married into overseas Roman Catholic royal families, only one member of the Royal Family ( that is, with the style of Royal Highness ) has converted to Roman Catholicism since the passage of the act: the Duchess of Kent, wife of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent.

Anointing of the Sick is one of the seven Sacraments recognized by the Catholic Church, and is associated with not only bodily healing but also forgiveness of sins.

With the ecclesiastical parishes of St Fagan's ( Trecynon ) and Aberaman carved out of the ancient parish, Aberdare had 12 Anglican churches and one Roman Catholic church, built in 1866 in Monk Street near the site of a cell attached to Penrhys monastery, and at one time had over 50 Nonconformist chapels.

Athanasius is counted as one of the four Great Doctors of the Church in the Roman Catholic Church as well as one of the Great Doctors of the Church in Eastern Orthodoxy, where he is also labeled the " Father of Orthodoxy ".

The disputed books, included in one canon but not in others, are often called the Biblical apocrypha, a term that is sometimes used specifically ( and possibly pejoratively in English ) to describe the books in the Catholic and Orthodox canons that are absent from the Jewish Masoretic Text ( also called the Tanakh or Miqra ) and most modern Protestant Bibles.

One further oddity in his writings is that in one of his works, the Commentary on the Seven Catholic Epistles, he writes in a manner that gives the impression he was married.

However, in the Byzantine and other Eastern rites, whether Eastern or Oriental Orthodox or Eastern Catholic, chrismation is done immediately after baptism, and thus the priest is the one who confirms, using chrism blessed by a bishop.

Roman Catholic doctrine holds that one bishop can validly ordain another male ( priest ) as a bishop.

In the English Reformation, all monasteries were dissolved and their lands confiscated by the Crown, forcing their Catholic members to flee into exile on the Continent, although during the 19th century they were able to return to England, including to Selby Abbey in Yorkshire, one of the few great monastic churches to survive the Dissolution.

In a four-page position paper delivered to students in 1965, Bob Jones, Jr., condemned Billy Graham's " ecumenical evangelism " as unscriptural and " heretical ," noting that Graham shared his platform with Catholic priests and that one could not " be a good Catholic and a good, spiritual Christian.