By 1072 the Fatimid Caliph Abū Tamīm Ma ' ad al-Mustansir Billah in a desperate attempt to save Egypt recalled the general Badr al-Jamali, who was at the time the governor of Acre, Palestine.

By using mathematical permutations, Shen described Yi Xing's calculation of possible positions on a go board game.

" By Yang Guang's orders, several of Chen Shubao's favorite officials, who were considered reasons for Chen's downfall, including Shi Wenqing ( 施文慶 ), Shen Keqing ( 沈客卿 ), Yang Huilang ( 陽慧朗 ), Xu Xi ( 徐析 ), and Ji Huijing ( 暨慧景 ), were executed.

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Shi Shen.

# Self, Nations, and the Diaspora: Re-Reading Lin Yutang, Bai Xianyong, and Frank Chin By: Shen, Shuang ; Dissertation, City U of New York, 1998.

By failing to do as he was told instantly -- to take out a permit or return the gun to his car -- he had played into Lord's hands.

By now Curt was seeing clearly again.

By her eighteenth birthday her bent for writing was so evident that Papa and Mamma gave her a Life Of Dickens as a spur to her aspiration.

By now she was sure she was going to have a baby, deciding it would be born in India or Burma that November.

By this time she had learned that it was futile to argue with her young husband, yet the uncomfortable fact remained: the American Congregationalists were sending them as missionaries to the Far East and paying their salaries.

By now he was undergoing a fresh torrent of abuse from Tory papers and pamphlets, and action was being taken to effect his punishment by expulsion from Parliament.

By this time word had got around that an American doctor was on the premises.

By our policy the West was -- is -- split.

By the time he was under the covers he had forgotten about seeing Kate.

By the time he was prosperous enough -- his goals were high -- he was bald and afraid of women.

By late afternoon the train inched into the marshaling yards in the railhead at Lublin, which was filled with lines of cars poised to pour the tools of war to the Russian front.

By odd coincidence, on the evening of her return Shelley chose to read Parisina, which was the latest of the titled poet's successes.

By the time the film was released we were three million dollars over-spent, war was imminent and the public apparently had forgotten all about Mother Cabrini.

By this method it was determined that the normal pressure exerted by a sample of polybutene ( molecular weight reported to be 770 ) was over half an atmosphere.

By comparing reaction cells sealed from the same manifold temperature dependency corresponding to activation energies ranging from 11 to 18 Af was observed while dependence on the first power of the light intensity seemed to be indicated in most cases.

By Nov. 8, 1958, weakness, specifically involving the pelvic and thigh musculature, was pronounced, and a common complaint was `` difficulty in stepping up on to curbs ''.

Serum potassium at this time was 3.8 mEq. per liter, and the hemoglobin was 13.9 gm. By Dec. 1, 1958, the weakness in the pelvic and quadriceps muscle groups was appreciably worse, and it became difficult for the patient to rise unaided from a sitting or reclining position.

By statute, the Commandant is appointed as a four-star general while serving in office.

By statute, the CNO is appointed as a four-star admiral.

By convention, the Prime Minister is appointed to this Council and advises as to which parliamentarians shall become ministers and parliamentary secretaries.

By granting land to the abbotts and bishops he appointed, Otto actually made these bishops into " princes of the Empire " ( Reichsfürsten ); in this way, Otto was able to establish a national church.

By this time, Hitler had appointed Himmler as Minister of the Interior and Plenipotentiary General for Administration ( Generalbevollmächtigter für die Verwaltung ).

By the influence of William Russell, earl of Bedford, he was appointed one of the king's itinerant preachers in Lancashire, and after living for a time in Garstang, he was selected by the Lady Margaret Hoghton as vicar of Preston.

By 2008 there were at least six institutions monitoring lake water health: 1 ) In 2002 the Conservation Law Foundation appointed a " lakekeeper " who criticizes the state's pollution controls, 2 ) Friends of Missisquoi Bay was formed in 2003, 3 ) the Lake Champlain Committee, 4 ) Vermont Water Resources Board

By September 1945, Newman was appointed head of the Mathematics Department and to the Fielden Chair of Pure Mathematics at the University of Manchester.

By late 1859 the number of Volunteer units were so great that Captain H C Balneavis was appointed Deputy Adjunct-General, based at Auckland.

By the end of October, Musharraf appointed many technocrats and bureaucrats in his Cabinet, including former Citibank executive Shaukat Aziz as Finance Minister and Abdul Sattar as Foreign Minister.

By 1904, Steiner was appointed by Annie Besant to be leader of the Theosophical Esoteric Society for Germany and Austria.

By 1552, when the campaign against Persia had begun with Rustem appointed commander-in-chief of the expedition, intrigues against Mustafa began.

By the end of 1941, Roosevelt had appointed seven justices and elevated Harlan Fiske Stone to Chief Justice.

By the end of 1811, King George III had become permanently insane, and the Prince of Wales was appointed as Regent.

By the middle of August a new Uitvoerend Bewind had been appointed and the Agenten who had been behind the coup, resumed their original positions.

By convention, senators appointed by the state legislature to fill casual vacancies were from the same political party as the former senator.

By 1925, he had been appointed bridge engineer to the Port of New York Authority.

By tradition, persons appointed to the position of Attorney-General have almost invariably been lawyers.

By 1393, he had become an alderman and was appointed Sheriff by the incumbent mayor, William Staundone, as well as becoming a member of the Mercers ' Company.

By 1945 Barrow had risen to the rank of Flying Officer and was appointed as personal navigator to the Commander in Chief of the British Zone of occupied Germany.

By midday on 30 October, he had been appointed Prime Minister, at the age of 39, with no previous experience of office, and with only 35 Fascist deputies in the Chamber.

By Royal Decree are appointed secretaries of state ( Article 46 ); these are subordinate to a certain minister who is fully responsible for their acts ( Subarticle 2 ).

By Papal Bull dated 14 October 1504, Fisher was appointed the Bishop of Rochester at the personal insistence of Henry VII.

( Although Cruden appears to have made an error in writing this, since his source, Holinshed, does not date Borthwick that early, and Caldwell agrees ) By 1511 Edinburgh was the principal foundry in Scotland, supplanting Stirling Castle, with Scottish and European smiths working under Borthwick, who by 1512 was appointed " master melter of the king's guns ".

By February 2011, it was confirmed that SkyTeam members Air France-KLM and Delta Air Lines had appointed Goldman Sachs to advise them on a joint potential approach for Virgin Atlantic.